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Author: Deborah G. Mayo Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521180252 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 439
Book Description
Explores the nature of error and inference, drawing on exchanges on experimental reasoning, reliability, and the objectivity of science.
Author: Deborah G. Mayo Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521180252 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 439
Book Description
Explores the nature of error and inference, drawing on exchanges on experimental reasoning, reliability, and the objectivity of science.
Author: John Woods Publisher: ISBN: 9781848901148 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 572
Book Description
Errors of Reasoning is the long-awaited continuation of the author's investigation of the logic of cognitive systems. The present focus is the individual human reasoner operating under the conditions and pressures of real life with capacities and resources the natural world makes available to him. The ensuing logic is thus agent-centred, goal-directed, and time-and-action oriented. It is also as psychologically real a logic as consistent with lawlike regularities of the better-developed empirical sciences of cognition. A point of departure for the book is that good reasoning is typically reasoning that does not meet the orthodox logician's requirements of either deductive validity or the sort of inductive strength sought for by the statistico-empirical sciences. A central objective here is to fashion a logic for this "third-way" reasoning. In so doing, substantial refinements are proposed for mainline treatments of nonmonotonic, defeasible, autoepistemic and default reasoning. A further departure from orthodox orientations is the eschewal of all idealizations short of those required for the descriptive adequacy of the relevant parts of empirical science. Also banned is any unearned assumption of a logic's normative authority to judge inferential behaviour as it actually occurs on the ground. The logic that emerges is therefore a naturalized logic, a proposed transformation of orthodox logics in the manner of the naturalization, more than forty years ago, of the traditional approaches to analytic epistemology. A byproduct of the transformation is the abandonment of justification as a general condition of knowledge, especially in third-way contexts. A test case for this new approach is an account of erroneous reasoning, including inferences usually judged fallacious, that outperforms its rivals in theoretical depth and empirical sensitivity. Errors of Reasoning is required reading in all research communities that seek a realistic understanding of human inference: Logic, formal and informal, AI and the other branches of cognitive science, argumentation theory, and theories of legal reasoning. Indeed the book is a standing challenge to all normatively idealized theories of assessable human performance. John Woods is Director of The Abductive Systems Group at the University of British Columbia, and was formerly the Charles S. Peirce Professor of Logic in the Group on Logic and Computation in the Department of Computer Science, King's College London. He is author of Paradox and Paraconsistency (2003) and with Dov Gabbay, of Agenda Relevance (2003) and The Reach of Abduction (2005). His pathbreaking The Logic of Fiction appeared in 1974, with a second edition by College Publications, 2009.
Author: Deborah G. Mayo Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 9780226511979 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
We may learn from our mistakes, but Deborah Mayo argues that, where experimental knowledge is concerned, we haven't begun to learn enough. Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge launches a vigorous critique of the subjective Bayesian view of statistical inference, and proposes Mayo's own error-statistical approach as a more robust framework for the epistemology of experiment. Mayo genuinely addresses the needs of researchers who work with statistical analysis, and simultaneously engages the basic philosophical problems of objectivity and rationality. Mayo has long argued for an account of learning from error that goes far beyond detecting logical inconsistencies. In this book, she presents her complete program for how we learn about the world by being "shrewd inquisitors of error, white gloves off." Her tough, practical approach will be important to philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, and will be welcomed by researchers in the physical, biological, and social sciences whose work depends upon statistical analysis.
Author: Brian D. Haig Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190222050 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 169
Book Description
"This book undertakes a philosophical examination of a number of important quantitative research methods in the behavioral sciences, in order to overcome the shallow and uncritical understanding that is typically provided by textbooks. The methods are: exploratory data analysis, statistical significance testing, Bayesian confirmation theory and statistics, meta-analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. Further readings are provided to extend the readers' understanding"--
Author: Aaron Santiago Chavez Publisher: ISBN: Category : Errors Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
This paper addresses the problem of accurately characterizing error under faulty material conditions. I argue that where there is an experimental setup whose reliability is gauged by measurement robustness and is simultaneously undermined by unbeknownst systematic material error, any inferences about the measurement outcomes of that particular setup are warranted. The only way to discount a measurement result as erroneous is to test its fit within a broader theoretical framework. Thus, it is not until theory is well-developed that we have epistemic justification for claiming that such a result is in error. In the following I discuss three cases in the history of science where measurement robustness is the operative metric for reliability, but where the results are products of error, thus leading to three different kinds of inferences in relation to theory: discovery of a new phenomenon against well-established theory, discovery of a new phenomenon against an underdeveloped theory, and discovery of a new phenomenon compatible or embeddable with existing theory.
Author: John E Hunter Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 9781412904797 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
Covering the most important developments in meta-analysis from 1990 to 2004, this text presents new patterns in research findings as well as updated information on existing topics.
Author: W. Edward Craighead Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0471604151 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 1122
Book Description
Edited by high caliber experts, and contributed to by quality researchers and practitioners in psychology and related fields. Includes over 500 topical entries Each entry features suggested readings and extensive cross-referencing Accessible to students and general readers Edited by two outstanding scholars and clinicians
Author: Norbert Hirschauer Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030990915 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 141
Book Description
This book provides a coherent description of foundational matters concerning statistical inference and shows how statistics can help us make inductive inferences about a broader context, based only on a limited dataset such as a random sample drawn from a larger population. By relating those basics to the methodological debate about inferential errors associated with p-values and statistical significance testing, readers are provided with a clear grasp of what statistical inference presupposes, and what it can and cannot do. To facilitate intuition, the representations throughout the book are as non-technical as possible. The central inspiration behind the text comes from the scientific debate about good statistical practices and the replication crisis. Calls for statistical reform include an unprecedented methodological warning from the American Statistical Association in 2016, a special issue “Statistical Inference in the 21st Century: A World Beyond p 0.05” of iThe American StatisticianNature in 2019. The book elucidates the probabilistic foundations and the potential of sample-based inferences, including random data generation, effect size estimation, and the assessment of estimation uncertainty caused by random error. Based on a thorough understanding of those basics, it then describes the p-value concept and the null-hypothesis-significance-testing ritual, and finally points out the ensuing inferential errors. This provides readers with the competence to avoid ill-guided statistical routines and misinterpretations of statistical quantities in the future. Intended for readers with an interest in understanding the role of statistical inference, the book provides a prudent assessment of the knowledge gain that can be obtained from a particular set of data under consideration of the uncertainty caused by random error. More particularly, it offers an accessible resource for graduate students as well as statistical practitioners who have a basic knowledge of statistics. Last but not least, it is aimed at scientists with a genuine methodological interest in the above-mentioned reform debate.
Author: Matteo Colombo Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0190662816 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
Andy Clark is a leading philosopher of cognitive science, whose work has had an extraordinary impact throughout philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and robotics. His monographs have led the way for new research programs in the philosophy of mind and cognition: Microcognition (1989) and Associative Engines (1993) introduced the philosophical community to connectionist research and the novel issues it raised; Being There (1997) showed the relevance of embodiment, dynamical systems theory, and minimal computation frameworks for the study of the mind; Natural Born Cyborgs (OUP 2003) presented an accessible development of embodied and embedded approaches to understanding human nature and cognition; Supersizing the Mind (OUP 2008) developed this yet further along with the famous "Extended Mind" hypothesis; and Surfing Uncertainty (OUP 2017) presents a framework for uniting perception, action, and the embodied mind. In Andy Clark and His Critics, a range of high-profile researchers in philosophy of mind, philosophy of cognitive science, and empirical cognitive science, critically engage with Clark's work across the themes of: Extended, Embodied, Embedded, Enactive, and Affective Minds; Natural Born Cyborgs; and Perception, Action, and Prediction. Daniel Dennett provides a foreword on the significance of Clark's work, and Clark replies to each section of the book, thus advancing current literature with original contributions that will form the basis for new discussions, debates and directions in the discipline.
Author: Deborah G. Mayo
Author: Deborah G. Mayo
Author: John Woods
Author: Deborah G. Mayo
Author: Deborah G. Mayo
Author: Brian D. Haig
Author: Aaron Santiago Chavez
Author: John E Hunter
Author: W. Edward Craighead
Author: Norbert Hirschauer
Author: Matteo Colombo