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Author: Walter Greiner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364282272X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 605
Book Description
The fundamental goal of physics is an understanding of the forces of nature in their simplest and most general terms. Yet there is much more involved than just a basic set of equations which eventually has to be solved when applied to specific problems. We have learned in recent years that the structure of the ground state of field theories (with which we are generally concerned) plays an equally funda mental role as the equations of motion themselves. Heisenberg was probably the first to recognize that the ground state, the vacuum, could acquire certain prop erties (quantum numbers) when he devised a theory of ferromagnetism. Since then, many more such examples are known in solid state physics, e. g. supercon ductivity, superfluidity, in fact all problems concerned with phase transitions of many-body systems, which are often summarized under the name synergetics. Inspired by the experimental observation that also fundamental symmetries, such as parity or chiral symmetry, may be violated in nature, it has become wide ly accepted that the same field theory may be based on different vacua. Practical ly all these different field phases have the status of more or less hypothetical models, not (yet) directly accessible to experiments. There is one magnificent ex ception and this is the change of the ground state (vacuum) of the electron-posi tron field in superstrong electric fields.
Author: Walter Greiner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364282272X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 605
Book Description
The fundamental goal of physics is an understanding of the forces of nature in their simplest and most general terms. Yet there is much more involved than just a basic set of equations which eventually has to be solved when applied to specific problems. We have learned in recent years that the structure of the ground state of field theories (with which we are generally concerned) plays an equally funda mental role as the equations of motion themselves. Heisenberg was probably the first to recognize that the ground state, the vacuum, could acquire certain prop erties (quantum numbers) when he devised a theory of ferromagnetism. Since then, many more such examples are known in solid state physics, e. g. supercon ductivity, superfluidity, in fact all problems concerned with phase transitions of many-body systems, which are often summarized under the name synergetics. Inspired by the experimental observation that also fundamental symmetries, such as parity or chiral symmetry, may be violated in nature, it has become wide ly accepted that the same field theory may be based on different vacua. Practical ly all these different field phases have the status of more or less hypothetical models, not (yet) directly accessible to experiments. There is one magnificent ex ception and this is the change of the ground state (vacuum) of the electron-posi tron field in superstrong electric fields.
Author: Greiner W. Hold Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1489921397 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 896
Book Description
The NATO Advanced Study Institute on Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields was held at Lahnstein on the Rhine from 15-26 June, 1981. The school was devoted to the advances, theoretical and exper imental, in the physics of strong fields made during the past decade. The topic of the first week was almost exclusively quantum electrodynamics, with discussions of symmetry breaking in the ground state, of the physics of heavy ion collisions and of precision tests of perturbative quantum electrodynamics. This was followed in the second week by the presentation of a broad range of other areas where strong fields occur, reaching from nuclear physics over quantum chromodynamics to gravitation theory and astrophysics. We were fortunate to be able to call on a body of lecturers who not only have made considerable personal contributions to these advances but who are also noted for their lecturing skills. Their dedication for their subject was readily transmitted to the stu dents resulting in a very successful school. This enthusiasm is also reflected in their contributions to these Proceedings which, as I believe, will in time become a standard source of reference for future work on the physics of strong fields and will help to spread the benefits of the school to a larger audience than those who were able to attend. I regret that the Soviet colleagues Ya. B. Zeldovich and V. S. Popov were unable to participate.
Author: Walter Greiner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540875611 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
We are pleased by the positive resonance of our book which now necessitates a fourth edition. We have used this opportunity to implement corrections of misprints and amendments at several places, and to extend and improve the discussion of many of the exercises and examples. We hope that our presentation of the method of equivalent photons (Example 3. 17), the form factor of the electron (Example 5. 7), the infrared catastrophe (Example 5. 8) and the energy shift of atomic levels (Example 5. 9)arenow even better to understand. The new Exercise 5. 10 shows in detail how to arrive at the non-relativistic limit for the calculation of form factors. Moreover, we have brought up-to-date the Biographical Notes about physicists who have contributed to the dev- opment of quantum electrodynamics, and references to experimental tests of the t- ory. For example, there has been recent progress in the determination of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton (discussed in Exercise 3. 5 on the Rosenbluth formula) and the Lamb shift of high-Z atoms (discussed in Example 5. 9 on the energy shift of atomic levels), while the experimental veri cation of the birefringence of the QED vacuum in a strong magnetic eld (Example 7. 8) remains unsettled and is a topic of active ongoing research.
Author: Douglas M. Gingrich Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1584885424 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 355
Book Description
Taking a heuristic approach to relativistic quantum mechanics, Practical Quantum Electrodynamics provides a complete introduction to the theory, methodologies, and calculations used for explaining the physical interaction of charged particles. This book combines the principles of relativity and quantum theory necessary for performing the calculations of the electromagnetic scattering of electrons and positrons and the emission and absorption of photons. Beginning with an introduction of the wave equations for spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles, the author compares and contrasts the relativistic and spin effects for both types of particles. He emphasizes how the relativistic treatment of quantum mechanics and the spin-1/2 degree of freedom are necessary to describe electromagnetic interactions involving electron scattering and points out the shortfalls of the wave-equation approach to relativistic quantum mechanics. Developing the Feynman rules for quantum electrodynamics by example, the book offers an intuitive, hands-on approach for performing fundamental calculations. It also illustrates how to perform calculations that can be related to experiments such as diagrams, lifetimes, and cross sections. Practical Quantum Electrodynamics builds a strong foundation for further studies and research in theoretical and particle physics, particularly relativistic quantum field theory or nonrelativistic many-body theory.
Author: A. O. Barut Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461327830 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
The borderline of quantum electrodynamics and quantum optics offer spectacular results and problems concerning the foundations of radiation theory. Perhaps the major new viewpoint that has emerged from recent investigations is that one can now work inside a time-dependent quantum process, whereas up to now all elementary quantum processes were either stationary, or one worked with asymptotic in-and out-states, i.e. an S-matrix approach. In the-rirst part of this volume, the Quantum Electrodynamics, the present status of the main approaches to this most accurate of all physical theories are discussed: the Hamiltonian approach, the Green's function approach with particular emphasis to bound state problems, and the newer, nonperturbative approach. The latest numerical results on radiative corrections, Lamb shifts and anomalous magnetic moments are reviewed with new results for high Z atoms. Also discussed are different theoretical interpretations of the radiative phenomena as due to quantized field vacuum fluctuations or due to self energy. A small group of contributions are devoted to the physics and mathematical description of decaying or unstable states in quantum theory. This remarkable phenomenon of quantum theory still needs complete clarification, it is a time-dependent phenomenon, which can be described also by asymptotic S-matrix methods, but with complex energies.
Author: Fabien Niel Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030735478 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
This thesis presents several important aspects of the plasma dynamics in extremely high intensity electromagnetic fields when quantum electrodynamics effects have to be taken into account. This work is of utmost importance for the forthcoming generation of multipetawatt laser facilities where this physics will be tested. The first part consists of an introduction that extends from classical and quantum electrodynamics in strong fields to the kinetic description of plasmas in the interaction with such fields. This can be considered as an advanced tutorial which would be extremely useful to researchers and students new to the field. The second part describes original contributions on the analysis of the signatures of classical and quantum radiation reaction on the distribution function of the charged particles and of the photon spectrum, and leads to significant advances on this topic. These results are then extended to the analysis of the so-called QED cascades which are of central importance for a better understanding of some astrophysical phenomena and basic physics problems. Finally, the book discusses future directions for the high intensity laser–plasma interaction community. The results presented in this thesis are expected to become more and more relevant as the new multipetawatt facilities become operative.
Author: Peter W. Milonni Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080571492 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 522
Book Description
In modern physics, the classical vacuum of tranquil nothingness has been replaced by a quantum vacuum with fluctuations of measurable consequence. In The Quantum Vacuum, Peter Milonni describes the concept of the vacuum in quantum physics with an emphasis on quantum electrodynamics. He elucidates in depth and detail the role of the vacuum electromagnetic field in spontaneous emission, the Lamb shift, van der Waals, and Casimir forces, and a variety of other phenomena, some of which are of technological as well as purely scientific importance. This informative text also provides an introduction based on fundamental vacuum processes to the ideas of relativistic quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory, including renormalization and Feynman diagrams. Experimental as well as theoreticalaspects of the quantum vacuum are described, and in most cases details of mathematical derivations are included. Chapter 1 of The Quantum Vacuum - published in advance in The American Journal of Physics (1991)-was later selected by readers as one of the Most Memorable papers ever published in the 60-year history of the journal. This chapter provides anexcellent beginning of the book, introducing a wealth of information of historical interest, the results of which are carefully woven into subsequent chapters to form a coherent whole. Does not assume that the reader has taken advanced graduate courses, making the text accessible to beginning graduate students Emphasizes the basic physical ideas rather than the formal, mathematical aspects of the subject Provides a careful and thorough treatment of Casimir and van der Waals forces at a level of detail not found in any other book on this topic Clearly presents mathematical derivations
Author: Walter Greiner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662052466 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 486
Book Description
Since the need for a third edition of this book has arisen, we have endeavoured to improve and extend it in several ways. At many places small changes were made, misprints have been corrected, and references have been added. In Chap. 5 new theoretical and experimental results on the Lamb shift in heavy atoms and on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are reported. We have also added a number of new topics in Chaps. 3, 5, and 7 in the form of examples and exercises. Example 3. 19 contains a detailed treatment of electron-positron pair production in the collision of a high-energy photon with a laser beam. This is supplemented by Exercise 3. 20 where a closed solution of the Dirac equation in the field of a plane wave is derived. Furthermore, Example 5. 4 on the running coupling constant in QED and Example 7. 6 on the supercritial point charge prob lem have been added. Finally, Example 7. 8 treats the birefringence of the QED vacuum in a strong magnetic field. We thank all colleagues and readers who have informed us about misprints in the book and are grateful to the team at Springer-Verlag for expertly handling the preparation of this new edition. Frankfurt am Main, Walter Greiner August 2002 Joachim Reinhardt Preface to the Second Edition The need for a second edition of our text on Quantum Electrodynamics has given us the opportunity to implement some corrections and amendments.
Author: Walter Greiner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461318890 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 996
Book Description
The NATO Advanced Study Institute on Physios of St~ong Fields was held at Maratea/Italy from 1-14 June, 1986. The school was devoted to the advances, theoretical and experimental, in physics of strong fields made during the past five years. The topic of the first week was almost exclusively quantum electrodynamics, with dis cussions of symmetry breaking in the ground state, of the physics of strong fields in heavy ion collisions and of precision tests of perturba tive quantum electrodynamics. The famous positron lines found at GSI (Darmstadt) and the related question "new particle versus vacuum decay" - (yes or no or both) - constituted the center of experimental advances. This was followed in the second week by the presentation of a broad range of other areas where strong fields occur, reaching from nuclear physics over quantum chromodynamics to gravitation theory and astrophysics. We were fortunate to be able to calIon a body of lecturers who not only made considerable personal contributions to this research but who are also noted for their lecturing skills. Their enthusiasm and dedication for their work was readily transmitted to the students resulting in a very suc cessful school.
Author: Walter Greiner
Author: Walter Greiner
Author: Greiner W. Hold
Author: Andrej A. Grib
Author: Walter Greiner
Author: Douglas M. Gingrich
Author: A. O. Barut
Author: Fabien Niel
Author: Peter W. Milonni
Author: Walter Greiner
Author: Walter Greiner