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Author: Matthew Brian Welsh Publisher: ISBN: 9780750313131 Category : Communication in science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Bias is a natural outcome of our thinking patterns. The nature of our cognitive processes leads to inherent limitations, resulting in predictable biases in both our own judgements and the interpretation of our communications by the public, by policymakers and even other scientists. This book will introduce the concept of biases arising from cognitive limitations and tendencies with a focus of the implications of this for scientists in particular. It begins with an initial quiz designed to demonstrate key biases--allowing readers to look back at the responses that they provided prior to reading about specific biases and thus see, without the impact of hindsight bias, whether they were susceptible to the effects." -- Prové de l'editor.
Author: Matthew Brian Welsh Publisher: ISBN: 9780750313131 Category : Communication in science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Bias is a natural outcome of our thinking patterns. The nature of our cognitive processes leads to inherent limitations, resulting in predictable biases in both our own judgements and the interpretation of our communications by the public, by policymakers and even other scientists. This book will introduce the concept of biases arising from cognitive limitations and tendencies with a focus of the implications of this for scientists in particular. It begins with an initial quiz designed to demonstrate key biases--allowing readers to look back at the responses that they provided prior to reading about specific biases and thus see, without the impact of hindsight bias, whether they were susceptible to the effects." -- Prové de l'editor.
Author: Matthew Welsh Publisher: ISBN: 9780750318419 Category : Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
Bias in Science and Communication introduces a wide variety of biases affecting human cognition, with a specific focus on how they affect scientists and the communication of science. Bias is a natural outcome of our thinking as the nature of our cognitive processes leads to inherent limitations, resulting in predictable biases in both our own judgements and the interpretation of our communications by the public, policymakers and even other scientists. The role of this book is to lay out how these common biases affect the specific types of judgements, decisions and communications made by scientists. The book is divided into four parts. The first introduces the reader to a variety of decision biases (including a pre-reading test to demonstrate these), the field of decision-making in general and fundamental considerations regarding the psychology underlying different types of communication. Each chapter in the second section of the book focuses on a specific bias or a set of related, decision-making tendencies, describing the general effect, examples including those from the pre-reading quiz, how they impact decisions and some of the implications for scientists' decisions and communications. This is followed by a set of chapters that brings insights about these individual biases together to demonstrate how they can combine and interact to produce a variety of well documented effects including publication bias and stubborn denial of what, to scientists, are regarded as accepted facts. It also covers, more broadly, the ways in which biases can be overcome or avoided. Finally, the concluding section is the 'field guide' drawing overall conclusions about the impact of biases on science and communication, with advice on how to recognise biases, and a summary of what we know about their modes of action and amelioration strategies. That is, advice to help readers to identify and reduce biases in their own thinking and communications.
Author: Kathleen Hall Jamieson Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190497629 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 513
Book Description
The proposal to vaccinate adolescent girls against the human papilloma virus ignited political controversy, as did the advent of fracking and a host of other emerging technologies. These disputes attest to the persistent gap between expert and public perceptions. Complicating the communication of sound science and the debates that surround the societal applications of that science is a changing media environment in which misinformation can elicit belief without corrective context and likeminded individuals are prone to seek ideologically comforting information within their own self-constructed media enclaves. Drawing on the expertise of leading science communication scholars from six countries, The Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication not only charts the media landscape - from news and entertainment to blogs and films - but also examines the powers and perils of human biases - from the disposition to seek confirming evidence to the inclination to overweight endpoints in a trend line. In the process, it draws together the best available social science on ways to communicate science while also minimizing the pernicious effects of human bias. The Handbook adds case studies exploring instances in which communication undercut or facilitated the access to scientific evidence. The range of topics addressed is wide, from genetically engineered organisms and nanotechnology to vaccination controversies and climate change. Also unique to this book is a focus on the complexities of involving the public in decision making about the uses of science, the regulations that should govern its application, and the ethical boundaries within which science should operate. The Handbook is an invaluable resource for researchers in the communication fields, particularly in science and health communication, as well as to scholars involved in research on scientific topics susceptible to distortion in partisan debate.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309451051 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
Science and technology are embedded in virtually every aspect of modern life. As a result, people face an increasing need to integrate information from science with their personal values and other considerations as they make important life decisions about medical care, the safety of foods, what to do about climate change, and many other issues. Communicating science effectively, however, is a complex task and an acquired skill. Moreover, the approaches to communicating science that will be most effective for specific audiences and circumstances are not obvious. Fortunately, there is an expanding science base from diverse disciplines that can support science communicators in making these determinations. Communicating Science Effectively offers a research agenda for science communicators and researchers seeking to apply this research and fill gaps in knowledge about how to communicate effectively about science, focusing in particular on issues that are contentious in the public sphere. To inform this research agenda, this publication identifies important influences â€" psychological, economic, political, social, cultural, and media-related â€" on how science related to such issues is understood, perceived, and used.
Author: Kate Murphy Publisher: Celadon Books ISBN: 1250297206 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
When was the last time you listened to someone, or someone really listened to you? "If you’re like most people, you don’t listen as often or as well as you’d like. There’s no one better qualified than a talented journalist to introduce you to the right mindset and skillset—and this book does it with science and humor." -Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Originals and Give and Take **Hand picked by Malcolm Gladwell, Adam Grant, Susan Cain, and Daniel Pink for Next Big Ideas Club** "An essential book for our times." -Lori Gottlieb, New York Times bestselling author of Maybe You Should Talk to Someone At work, we’re taught to lead the conversation. On social media, we shape our personal narratives. At parties, we talk over one another. So do our politicians. We’re not listening. And no one is listening to us. Despite living in a world where technology allows constant digital communication and opportunities to connect, it seems no one is really listening or even knows how. And it’s making us lonelier, more isolated, and less tolerant than ever before. A listener by trade, New York Times contributor Kate Murphy wanted to know how we got here. In this always illuminating and often humorous deep dive, Murphy explains why we’re not listening, what it’s doing to us, and how we can reverse the trend. She makes accessible the psychology, neuroscience, and sociology of listening while also introducing us to some of the best listeners out there (including a CIA agent, focus group moderator, bartender, radio producer, and top furniture salesman). Equal parts cultural observation, scientific exploration, and rousing call to action that's full of practical advice, You're Not Listening is to listening what Susan Cain's Quiet was to introversion. It’s time to stop talking and start listening.
Author: Kathleen Hall Jamieson Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190497637 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 608
Book Description
The proposal to vaccinate adolescent girls against the human papilloma virus ignited political controversy, as did the advent of fracking and a host of other emerging technologies. These disputes attest to the persistent gap between expert and public perceptions. Complicating the communication of sound science and the debates that surround the societal applications of that science is a changing media environment in which misinformation can elicit belief without corrective context and likeminded individuals are prone to seek ideologically comforting information within their own self-constructed media enclaves. Drawing on the expertise of leading science communication scholars from six countries, The Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication not only charts the media landscape - from news and entertainment to blogs and films - but also examines the powers and perils of human biases - from the disposition to seek confirming evidence to the inclination to overweight endpoints in a trend line. In the process, it draws together the best available social science on ways to communicate science while also minimizing the pernicious effects of human bias. The Handbook adds case studies exploring instances in which communication undercut or facilitated the access to scientific evidence. The range of topics addressed is wide, from genetically engineered organisms and nanotechnology to vaccination controversies and climate change. Also unique to this book is a focus on the complexities of involving the public in decision making about the uses of science, the regulations that should govern its application, and the ethical boundaries within which science should operate. The Handbook is an invaluable resource for researchers in the communication fields, particularly in science and health communication, as well as to scholars involved in research on scientific topics susceptible to distortion in partisan debate.
Author: Shedletsky, Leonard Publisher: IGI Global ISBN: 1799874419 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 355
Book Description
While communication theory has not recognized the implications of the social intuitionist model, psychologists have gathered an impressive body of evidence to support the theory. In social cognition research, there was the idea that human inferential processes are conscious, rational, logical, and accurate, and this belief continues somewhat in the behavioral sciences although there is evidence that it is incorrect. A fresh examination is needed on just how these inferences by the receiver and the implications by the sender, carried out at high speed, impact our understanding of the communication process. Simply put, until now the default case in communication theory is the belief that we consciously reason and then we act. However, that may not be entirely true. Rationalist Bias in Communication Theory applies social intuition theory to human communication. This book explores how research has missed accounting for a critical fact about human communication in the theories of communication, namely that we as humans can respond to one another and to all kinds of stimuli faster than we can deliberate. By applying intuitive cognition to communication, a new light can be shed on the communication process, which is what the chapters prove and discuss. This book is valuable for social scientists, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in new theories in communication theory.
Author: Harold Adams Innis Publisher: University of Toronto Press ISBN: 0802096069 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
First published in 1951, this masterful collection of essays explores the relationship between a society's communication media and that community's ability to maintain control over its development.
Author: James A. Levine Publisher: Fondation Ipsen BookLab ISBN: 2384271288 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
Effective and accurate science communication is vital for bridging the gap between scientists and the public. By conveying complex scientific concepts in a clear and engaging manner, writers, communicators, and scientists can increase public understanding and foster informed decision-making. Key elements of effective communication include tailoring the message to the target audience, using simple and relatable language, and incorporating visuals and storytelling techniques. Additionally, transparency and openness about uncertainties and limitations of scientific research build trust. The purpose of this guide is to encourage communicators to convey science accurately and effectively and to help scientists communicate their findings to the public. This is not a comprehensive communications textbook. It is a ‘quick read’. Each chapter is short and designed to be read in 5 minutes and is self-contained making it perfect to dip into. Collaboration between writers, health advocates, scientists, journalists, and educators can enhance the dissemination of accurate information. By embracing effective communication strategies, scientists can inspire curiosity, promote scientific literacy, and encourage public engagement with science. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr Levine, M.D., Ph.D., is currently Professor of Endocrinology and Nutrition Research at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. Having trained in clinical nutrition as a scholar at the University of Cambridge, He has dedicated his scientific career to promoting health in adults and children through education and innovation. He holds five tenured professorships at Arizona State University (ASU), is the Dean’s Distinguished Professor of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, and the Regents Professor at Umea University, Sweden. He also serves as the co-director of Obesity Solutions, a collaboration between Mayo Clinic and ASU, and is the international director of Obesity Solutions’ sister center in Sweden. He is an internationally renowned expert in obesity, serving as a named expert at the United Nations, an invitee to the President’s Cancer Panel, and a consultant to governments internationally. He serves on the board of the International Center of Missing and Exploited Children. He has authored over 120 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals and has published novels focused on issues of child exploitation, in more than thirty countries. He has won literary awards (United States, France and the United Kingdom) and has produced several documentaries.
Author: Norbert Schwarz Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 131777888X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
Psychological research into human cognition and judgment reveals a wide range of biases and shortcomings. Whether we form impressions of other people, recall episodes from memory, report our attitudes in an opinion poll, or make important decisions, we often get it wrong. The errors made are not trivial and often seem to violate common sense and basic logic. A closer look at the underlying processes, however, suggests that many of the well known fallacies do not necessarily reflect inherent shortcomings of human judgment. Rather, they partially reflect that research participants bring the tacit assumptions that govern the conduct of conversation in daily life to the research situation. According to these assumptions, communicated information comes with a guarantee of relevance and listeners are entitled to assume that the speaker tries to be informative, truthful, relevant, and clear. Moreover, listeners interpret the speakers' utterances on the assumption that they are trying to live up to these ideals. This book introduces social science researchers to the "logic of conversation" developed by Paul Grice, a philosopher of language, who proposed the cooperative principle and a set of maxims on which conversationalists implicitly rely. The author applies this framework to a wide range of topics, including research on person perception, decision making, and the emergence of context effects in attitude measurement and public opinion research. Experimental studies reveal that the biases generally seen in such research are, in part, a function of violations of Gricean conversational norms. The author discusses implications for the design of experiments and questionnaires and addresses the socially contextualized nature of human judgment.
Author: Matthew Brian Welsh
Author: Matthew Brian Welsh
Author: Matthew Welsh
Author: Kathleen Hall Jamieson
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Kate Murphy
Author: Kathleen Hall Jamieson
Author: Shedletsky, Leonard
Author: Harold Adams Innis
Author: James A. Levine
Author: Norbert Schwarz