Biomechanical Insights into Osteoporosis PDF Download

Author: Abdelwahed Barkaoui
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1837680140
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 157

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Book Description
Dive into the intricate realm of osteoporosis through the lens of biomechanics with Biomechanical Insights into Osteoporosis. This pioneering volume offers a comprehensive exploration of this debilitating condition, providing an in-depth understanding of its biomechanical foundations and implications. Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mineral density and heightened susceptibility to fractures, stands as a global health challenge. This book brings together leading experts in the field, who rigorously analyze the multifaceted aspects of osteoporosis, offering invaluable knowledge for researchers, clinicians, and students alike. Key Highlights: •Biomechanical Foundations: Gain profound insights into the biomechanical basis of bone fractures and fracture osteosynthesis in small animals. Explore the fundamental principles that shape our understanding of osteoporotic biomechanics. •Non-Glucocorticoid Drug-Induced Osteoporosis: Investigate the mechanisms, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis induced by medications other than glucocorticoids. •Vascular Remodeling and Bone Destruction: Discover the common pathogenetic links between vascular remodeling and bone tissue destruction in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension. This holistic perspective illuminates bone health dynamics. •Genetic Targets and Future Directions: Explore promising genetic targets that have the potential to revolutionize osteoporosis treatment. Get a glimpse into the future of research and treatment strategies. •Biomarkers and Metabolism: Delve into the latest research progress surrounding bone mineral density and bone metabolism biomarkers, offering valuable insights into diagnostics and monitoring. •Impact of Diseases and Medical Treatments: Understand the intricate interplay between diseases and medical treatments on bone mineral density. Gain a comprehensive understanding of how various factors influence skeletal health. This book represents a significant milestone in deciphering the complexities of osteoporosis from a biomechanical perspective. Join us in this scientific journey to explore the fascinating facets of osteoporosis. Biomechanical Insights into Osteoporosis is an essential resource for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of this critical health issue and the biomechanical aspects that underlie it.

Author: G. Lowet
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 9789051993271
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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Book Description
This book focuses on the structure of bone, and its consequences for the mechanical behaviour of the bone structure. The first part of this book focuses on the development of models to predict the adaptation of bone due to changes on the mechanical loading situation (such as provoked by an implant). But far more important than the computer power presently available, the incorporation of knowledge on the biological processes have led to new kinds of models. Next to the development of models itself, the issue of model validation though comparison with clinical data is a main issue addressed in the papers of this symposium. The second part, dealing with the relationship between bone architecture and competence of bone, focuses on the morphology of trabecular bone structure. This work is mainly carried out in the context of research on osteoporosis, and look for the relation between bone structure and fracture risk. The last part is devoted to ultrasound research in bone biomechanics. Several methods have been described for the in vitro and in vivo measurement of ultrasound velocity and attenuation, both on cortical and on trabecular bone. The reader will not only discover the state-of-the-art when reading though this book. This book can give a taste of the fascinating perspectives the research in bone biomechanics still have to offer, even after more than 100 years.

Author: C.M. Langton
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420033344
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 639

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Book Description
Bone is a complex biological material that consists of both an inorganic and organic phase, which undergoes continuous dynamic biological processes within the body. This complex structure and the need to acquire accurate data have resulted in a wide variety of methods applied in the physical analysis of bone in vivo and in vitro. Each method has it

Author: Harry K. Genant
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642804403
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 602

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Book Description
The diagnosis of osteoporosis and the determination of fracture risk has always been a challenge for radiologists, epidemiologists, and clinicians as well as oth er researchers and health care professionals working in the field. It is bone min eral density that is closely related to bone fragility, and the advent of techniques to quantitatively assess bone density has been welcomed. It has reduced the sub jectivity inherent to conventional radiologic assessment of osteoporosis. The on going technical process has made various techJ)iques to assess bone density wide ly available. However, these measurement techniques have also incurred some crit icism because bone densitometry has sometimes been applied without specific indications and without appropriate clinical ramifications. The purpose of this text is to provide a perspective on the current status of bone densitometry and ist relevance to osteoporosis diagnosis and management. Therefore, this book will give the reader an introduction to the nature of osteo porosis, its pathophysiology and epidemiology, and the clinical consequences of performing bone densitometry. Aside from standard bone densitometry, newer technologies such as quantitative ultrasound techniques, magnetic resonance imaging and bone structure analysis are discussed in the context of diagnosing osteoporosis.

Author: Xiaodu Wang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031025792
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 219

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Book Description
This eight-chapter monograph intends to present basic principles and applications of biomechanics in bone tissue engineering in order to assist tissue engineers in design and use of tissue-engineered products for repair and replacement of damaged/deformed bone tissues. Briefly, Chapter 1 gives an overall review of biomechanics in the field of bone tissue engineering. Chapter 2 provides detailed information regarding the composition and architecture of bone. Chapter 3 discusses the current methodologies for mechanical testing of bone properties (i.e., elastic, plastic, damage/fracture, viscoelastic/viscoplastic properties). Chapter 4 presents the current understanding of the mechanical behavior of bone and the associated underlying mechanisms. Chapter 5 discusses the structure and properties of scaffolds currently used for bone tissue engineering applications. Chapter 6 gives a brief discussion of current mechanical and structural tests of repair/tissue engineered bone tissues. Chapter 7 summarizes the properties of repair/tissue engineered bone tissues currently attained. Finally, Chapter 8 discusses the current issues regarding biomechanics in the area of bone tissue engineering. Table of Contents: Introduction / Bone Composition and Structure / Current Mechanical Test Methodologies / Mechanical Behavior of Bone / Structure and Properties of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration / Mechanical and Structural Evaluation of Repair/Tissue Engineered Bone / Mechanical and Structural Properties of Tissues Engineered/Repair Bone / Current Issues of Biomechanics in Bone Tissue Engineering

Author:
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789851211
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 114

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Book Description
I have taught a variety of courses in biomechanics, introductory and advanced, at multiple universities in Canada. I have not been able to find or use an appropriate textbook for students whose background is not biomedical engineering. It should be noted that there are many outstanding books on biomechanics; however, they are usually not very introductory or the topics covered are too detailed, which makes it impossible for those audiences to make effective use of the book. The present book is an attempt to fill this gap. No previous familiarity of anatomy, biology, or physiology is expected, and in fact every chapter begins with a review of the relevant necessary background. Each chapter then highlights identification and explanation of the indispensable aspects of the associated biomechanics issues.

Author: Hideaki E. Takahashi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811656134
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 569

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Book Description
This edited book describes what fragile bone is, how the condition is assessed, and how it can be treated. It is intended for multi-professional trainees and practitioners in health and social care fields who care for and treat the elderly. Chapters within the book provide the latest advances in cell and molecular biology, morphology, radiology, and the biomechanics of bone in health and disease. The basic concept of “Remodeling” and “Modeling” is described for better understanding of the mechanisms of osteoporosis. Methods of identifying and assessing osteoporosis are described, as are risk factors for bone fracture and non-unions. Furthermore, the effects of various drugs used to treat osteoporosis at both material and structural levels of bone and their cost effectiveness are described. Operative treatments for fracture that maintain or improve the quality of life of patients are included Treatment of Osteoporotic Fracture and Systemic Skeletal Disorders attempts to provide a holistic and translational view of the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis and some other musculoskeletal diseases, with an overview of treatment modalities in various clinical settings.

Author: Airong Qian
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323994849
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 422

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Book Description
Bone Cell Biomechanics, Mechanobiology and Bone Diseases provides a comprehensive overview of recent knowledge and advances of bone cell biomechanics and related bone diseases, highlighting the cellular basis for bone responding to mechanical stimuli. The book not only provides a general overview of bone cell biology, but also the most recent advances of bone cell biomechanics, mechanobiology, the relationship between bone cell biomechanics and bone diseases, as well as the underlying mechanism. This will be useful in understanding the role of mechanobiology in bone health and bone diseases, as well for investigating novel strategies for diagnosis and therapy of bone diseases. Cells covered in the book include osteocyte, BM-MSC, osteoblast, osteoclast and chondrocyte. Cone diseases covered are osteoporosis, scoliosis and osteoarthritis. This comprehensive reference is written for researchers, scientists, clinicians and students. Presents a comprehensive introduction of current knowledge and recent advances of bone cell biomechanics Introduces new technologies for bone cell research Discusses the bone cell mechanotransduction, mechanism and bone diseases

Author: C. Ross Ethier
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139461826
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 10

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Book Description
Introductory Biomechanics is a new, integrated text written specifically for engineering students. It provides a broad overview of this important branch of the rapidly growing field of bioengineering. A wide selection of topics is presented, ranging from the mechanics of single cells to the dynamics of human movement. No prior biological knowledge is assumed and in each chapter, the relevant anatomy and physiology are first described. The biological system is then analyzed from a mechanical viewpoint by reducing it to its essential elements, using the laws of mechanics and then tying mechanical insights back to biological function. This integrated approach provides students with a deeper understanding of both the mechanics and the biology than from qualitative study alone. The text is supported by a wealth of illustrations, tables and examples, a large selection of suitable problems and hundreds of current references, making it an essential textbook for any biomechanics course.

Author: Jennifer Tryggvi Blundo
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Book Description
This dissertation investigated the role of biomechanics in two physiological systems, the heart and bone. Biomechanics motivates the study and characterization of how cells sense external forces and convert these signals into an intracellular response in a process called mechanotransduction. Three independent studies were designed with the goal of applying mechanical forces that mimic the in vivo microenvironment of either the heart or bone. The aim of these studies was to better under the mechanisms driving cellular processes, including cardiac myocyte differentiation and osteoblast mechanotransduction. The first study presents the design and implementation of tissue engineering approach to stem cell-based myocardial therapy. Three dimensional engineered heart tissue was formed by suspending human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes isolated from beating embryoid bodies in a soluble extracellular matrix, and an in vitro mechanical conditioning regimen was applied at physiological levels of myocardial strain. The viability of the engineered stem cell tissue was monitored in vitro and in vivo for up to 8 weeks using molecular imaging of reporter gene activity. The application of cyclic mechanical strain in vitro resulted in cellular alignment along the axis of strain and an elongated cellular morphology with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, typical of neonatal cardiac myocytes, as well as increased expression of cardiac troponin I, in comparison to static controls. Analysis of the in vitro and in vivo bioluminescence imaging data demonstrated the viability of engineered heart tissue constructs; however, histology results showed immature cells within the implanted constructs, suggesting an inability of the stem cell-derived cardiac precursors to maintain a cardiac phenotype in vivo, as well the inherent inefficiency of the beating embryoid body method to identify and isolate cardiac myocyte precursors. The functional shortcomings exhibited by the embryoid body-based differentiation of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes in the first study motivated further refinement of cardiac myocyte differentiation techniques. Therefore, the second study executed the design and fabrication of a microelectromechanical platform to study the role of electrical and mechanical stimulation in cardiac myocyte differentiation. The fabrication process used a combination of soft lithography and traditional microfabrication techniques to pattern thin film metal electrodes on an elastomeric polymer membrane. The completed device enabled coupled characterization and imaging of cardiac myocytes precursors, and the ability to assess the range of mechanical forces, up to 10% equibiaxial strain, that may induce or maintain a cardiac fate. Electrical continuity was demonstrated under static conditions but not under strain, and improvements in metal deposition and adhesion could address this performance defect. Beating clusters containing human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes were plated on fabricated membranes, uncoated and coated with Matrigel, and cell viability was monitored using contrast microscopy. The third study transitioned to a different mechanical model of physiological forces, which was the application of oscillatory fluid flow-mediated fluid shear stress generated by the loading and unloading of bone. Specifically, the role of focal adhesion kinase, a protein tyrosine kinase recruited at focal adhesions and a major mediator of integrin signaling pathways, was studied in osteoblast mechanotransduction. The biochemical and transcriptional response of focal adhesion kinase mutant osteoblasts to physiological levels of shear stress induced by oscillatory fluid flow was impaired as measured by prostaglandin E2 release and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression. Restoration of focal adhesion kinase expression with site-specific mutations at two tyrosine phosphorylation sites demonstrated that phosphorylation events play a role in prostaglandin release following oscillatory fluid flow. In conclusion, the role of mechanical forces, including the effect of cyclic mechanical strain in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac myocyte tissue engineering and the fluid shear stress-induced response of focal adhesion kinase mutant osteoblasts, was successfully demonstrated and quantified in this dissertation.