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Author: Jo Shaw Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317967070 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive examination of the citizenship regimes of the new states that emerged out of the break up of Yugoslavia. It covers both the states that emerged out of the initial disintegration across 1991 and 1992 (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Macedonia), as well as those that have been formed recently through subsequent partitions (Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo). While citizenship has often been used as a tool of ethnic engineering to reinforce the position of the titular majority in many states, in other cases citizenship laws and practices have been liberalised as part of a wider political settlement intended to include minority communities more effectively in the political process. Meanwhile, frequent (re)definitions of these increasingly overlapping regimes still provoke conflicts among post-Yugoslav states. This volume shows how important it is for the field of citizenship studies to take into account the main changes in and varieties of citizenship regimes in the post-Yugoslav states, as a particular case of new state citizenship. At the same time, it seeks to show scholars of (post) Yugoslavia and the wider Balkans that the Yugoslav crisis, disintegration and wars as well as the current functioning of the new and old Balkan states, together with the process of their integration into the EU, cannot be fully understood without a deeper understanding of their citizenship regimes. This book was originally published as a special issue of Citizenship Studies.
Author: Jo Shaw Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317967070 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive examination of the citizenship regimes of the new states that emerged out of the break up of Yugoslavia. It covers both the states that emerged out of the initial disintegration across 1991 and 1992 (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Macedonia), as well as those that have been formed recently through subsequent partitions (Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo). While citizenship has often been used as a tool of ethnic engineering to reinforce the position of the titular majority in many states, in other cases citizenship laws and practices have been liberalised as part of a wider political settlement intended to include minority communities more effectively in the political process. Meanwhile, frequent (re)definitions of these increasingly overlapping regimes still provoke conflicts among post-Yugoslav states. This volume shows how important it is for the field of citizenship studies to take into account the main changes in and varieties of citizenship regimes in the post-Yugoslav states, as a particular case of new state citizenship. At the same time, it seeks to show scholars of (post) Yugoslavia and the wider Balkans that the Yugoslav crisis, disintegration and wars as well as the current functioning of the new and old Balkan states, together with the process of their integration into the EU, cannot be fully understood without a deeper understanding of their citizenship regimes. This book was originally published as a special issue of Citizenship Studies.
Author: Igor Štiks Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 147422153X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
Between 1914 and the present day the political makeup of the Balkans has relentlessly changed, following unpredictable shifts of international and internal borders. Between and across these borders various political communities were formed, co-existed and (dis)integrated. By analysing one hundred years of modern citizenship in Yugoslavia and post-Yugoslav states, Igor Š tiks shows that the concept and practice of citizenship is necessary to understand how political communities are made, un-made and re-made. He argues that modern citizenship is a tool that can be used for different and opposing goals, from integration and re-unification to fragmentation and ethnic engineering. The study of citizenship in the 'laboratory' of the Balkands offers not only an original angle to narrate an alternative political history, but also an insight into the fine mechanics and repeating glitches of modern politics, applicable to multinational states in the European Union and beyond.
Author: Gëzim Krasniqi Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317389344 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
This book focuses on the relations between citizenship and various manifestations of diversity, including, but not exclusively, ethnicity. Contributors address migrants and minorities in a novel and original way by adding the concept of ‘uneven citizenship’ to the debate surrounding the former Yugoslavian states. Referring to this ‘uneven citizenship’ concept, this book not only engages with exclusionary legal, political and social practices but also looks at other unanticipated or unaccounted for results of citizenship policies. Individual chapters address statuses, rights, and duties of refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returnees, Roma, and ‘claimed co-ethnics’, as well as various interactions between dominant and non-dominant groups in the post-Yugoslav space. The particular focus is on ‘migrants and minorities’, as these are frequently overlapping categories in the post-Yugoslav context and indeed more generally. Not only is policy framework addressed, but also public understanding and the socio-historical developments which created legally and culturally stratified, transnationally marginalized, desired and claimed co-ethnics, and those less wanted, often on the margins of citizenship. This book was originally published as a special issue of Ethnopolitics.
Author: Dr Jelena Džankić Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN: 1472446410 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
What happens to the citizen when states and nations come into being? How do the different ways in which states and nations exist define relations between individuals, groups, and the government? Are all citizens equal in their rights and duties in the newly established polity? Addressing these key questions in the contested and ethnically heterogeneous post-Yugoslav states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro, this book reinterprets the place of citizenship in the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the creation of new states in the Western Balkans. Carefully analysing the interplay between competing ethnic identities and state-building projects, the author proposes a new analytical framework for studying continuities and discontinuities of citizenship in post-partition, post-conflict states.
Author: Brigitte Le Normand Publisher: University of Toronto Press ISBN: 148752515X Category : Foreign workers Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
This book examines Yugoslavia's efforts to build and maintain a relationship with its migrant workers in Western Europe through cultural and educational programs.
Author: Jelena Džankic Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317165799 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
What happens to the citizen when states and nations come into being? How do the different ways in which states and nations exist define relations between individuals, groups, and the government? Are all citizens equal in their rights and duties in the newly established polity? Addressing these key questions in the contested and ethnically heterogeneous post-Yugoslav states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro, this book reinterprets the place of citizenship in the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the creation of new states in the Western Balkans. Carefully analysing the interplay between competing ethnic identities and state-building projects, the author proposes a new analytical framework for studying continuities and discontinuities of citizenship in post-partition, post-conflict states. The book maintains that citizenship regimes in challenged states are shaped not only by the immediate political contexts that generated them, but also by their historical trajectories, societal environments in which they exist, as well as the transformative powers of international and European factors.
Author: Igor Štiks Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The present study looks at the relationship between nations and citizenship in socialist Yugoslavia and in its successor states from 1945 to the present. In the first chapter I try to answer the question of why Yugoslavia was re-unified as a socialist multinational federation in 1945 and I examine history of the Marxist debates on the national question and history of Yugoslavism as the ideology of South Slavic unity. In the second chapter I describe the evolution of the Yugoslav federal system and how progressive decentralization resulted in significant changes in Yugoslav citizenship that was legally and politically bifurcated into the federal and republican citizenships. In the following chapter, I demonstrate that the duality of Yugoslav citizenship, and the confederal structure of Yugoslavia critically influenced Yugoslavia's democratization in 1990. I also introduce the rarely analyzed citizenship factor into the debates on Yugoslavia's disintegration. In the fourth chapter I demonstrate that almost all Yugoslavia's successor states used their founding documents, namely their constitutions and citizenship laws, as an effective tool of, as I call it, ethnic engineering. In the last chapter, I analyze the EU's enlargement policies in the Western Balkans and I try to examine if and how they challenge the still dominant ethnocentric conception of citizenship
Author: Igor Štiks Publisher: ISBN: 9781474221559 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The break-up of Yugoslavia and its two-tier citizenship regime opened a two decade-long period of continuous experimenting with defining and redefining political communities through citizenship laws and citizenship-related practices. New citizenship regimes, in various ways, effectively turned equal citizens into members of unequal groups. Almost all of the successor states of the former Yugoslav federation have used their respective citizenship laws as an effective tool for ethnic engineering as an intentional policy of governments and lawmakers to influence, by legal means and related administrative practices, the ethnic composition of their populations in favour of their core ethnic group. The creation of post-Yugoslav citizenries was based on four legal pillars: initial legal continuity with republican citizenship, ethnicity or facilitated naturalization for kin members abroad, naturalization of residents, i.e. citizens of other republics, and regular naturalization procedure for aliens (with a defined period of residence). These policies, together with political activities centred on ethnic solidarity, resulted eventually in replacing equal Yugoslav citizens with de facto four different groups of individuals in the successor states: the included, the invited, the excluded and the self-excluded. Since 2000, multiple changes and reforms of the citizenship policies and citizenship-related administrative practices - both improvements and regressions - have been introduced in the post-Yugoslav states. The break-up of Yugoslavia and its two-tier citizenship regime opened a period of continuous experimentation with defining and re-defining political communities through citizenship laws and citizenship-related practices. New citizenship regimes, in various ways, effectively turned equal citizens into members of unequal groups. In the words of Pierre Bourdieu, 'legal discourse is a creative speech that brings into existence that which it utters' (1991: 42). The main 'creative' role of citizenship laws was to bring into existence new political communities, within which the dominance of the major ethnic group would be undisputable. This group would be consolidated, often across borders, by uniting all of its members, regardless of where they resided, by the bonds of citizenship. Almost all of the successor states of the former Yugoslav federation - with some variations according to their specific contexts - have used their respective citizenship laws as an effective tool for ethnic engineering. This practice was widespread in the 1990s but, in various forms, continues until this very day. By ethnic engineering I mean an intentional policy of governments and lawmakers to influence, by legal means and related administrative practices, the ethnic composition of their populations in favour of their core ethnic group (Štiks 2006). Similar intentions have influenced the writing of most of the new constitutions. The laws on citizenship and their administrative implementation are obviously closely related and even inseparable from the practice of 'constitutional nationalism' (Hayden 1992), that is, the constitutional re-definition of new states as, in broad terms, the national states of their core ethnic group. Thus, ethnic engineering, in constitutional and citizenship matters, paved the way for the establishment of a series of ethnic democracies either at the state or at the sub-state level (see below). Citizenship laws played a key role in determining the citizenry of the new states, as well as the rights guaranteed to citizens by the new state. New legislation in various ways in almost all post-Yugoslav states offered a privileged status to members of the majority or core ethnic group regardless of their place of residence (inside or outside their borders). On the other hand, they substantially complicated the process of naturalization for those outside the ethnonational core group, especially for ethnically different citizens from other former Yugoslav republics who were permanent residents on their territory when the new citizenship regime came into effect. In their extreme manifestation, citizenship laws and practices have also been used as a subtle, but nonetheless powerful tool for ethnic cleansing. The deprivation of citizenship, and the subsequent loss of basic social and economic rights, has been quite effective in forcing a sizable number of individuals to leave their habitual places of residence and move either to 'their' kin states or abroad. The break-up of Yugoslavia and the other two multinational federations meant that millions literally went to bed as full-fledged citizens and woke up as individuals with questionable status.
Author: Srecko Horvat Publisher: Verso Books ISBN: 178168622X Category : History Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
This volume offers a profound analysis of post-socialist economic and political transformation in the Balkans, involving deeply unequal societies and oligarchical “democracies.” The contributions deconstruct the persistent imaginary of the Balkans, pervasive among outsiders to the region, who see it as no more than a repository of ethnic conflict, corruption and violence. Providing a much needed critical examination of the Yugoslav socialist experience, the volume sheds light on the recent rebirth of radical politics in the Balkans, where new groups and movements struggle for a radically democratic vision of society.
Author: Jo Shaw
Author: Jo Shaw
Author: Igor Štiks
Author: Gëzim Krasniqi
Author: Dr Jelena Džankić
Author: Brigitte Le Normand
Author: Igor Stiks
Author: Jelena Džankic
Author: Igor Štiks
Author: Igor Štiks
Author: Srecko Horvat