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Author: Rodrigo Borges Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019103682X Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
The Gettier Problem has shaped most of the fundamental debates in epistemology for more than fifty years. Before Edmund Gettier published his famous 1963 paper, it was generally presumed that knowledge was equivalent to true belief supported by adequate evidence. Gettier presented a powerful challenge to that presumption. This led to the development and refinement of many prominent epistemological theories, for example, defeasibility theories, causal theories, conclusive-reasons theories, tracking theories, epistemic virtue theories, and knowledge-first theories. The debate about the appropriate use of intuition to provide evidence in all areas of philosophy began as a debate about the epistemic status of the 'Gettier intuition'. The differing accounts of epistemic luck are all rooted in responses to the Gettier Problem. The discussions about the role of false beliefs in the production of knowledge are directly traceable to Gettier's paper, as are the debates between fallibilists and infallibilists. Indeed, it is fair to say that providing a satisfactory response to the Gettier Problem has become a litmus test of any adequate account of knowledge even those accounts that hold that the Gettier Problem rests on mistakes of various sorts. This volume presents a collection of essays by twenty-six experts, including some of the most influential philosophers of our time, on the various issues that arise from Gettier's challenge to the analysis of knowledge. Explaining Knowledge sets the agenda for future work on the central problem of epistemology.
Author: Rodrigo Borges Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019103682X Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
The Gettier Problem has shaped most of the fundamental debates in epistemology for more than fifty years. Before Edmund Gettier published his famous 1963 paper, it was generally presumed that knowledge was equivalent to true belief supported by adequate evidence. Gettier presented a powerful challenge to that presumption. This led to the development and refinement of many prominent epistemological theories, for example, defeasibility theories, causal theories, conclusive-reasons theories, tracking theories, epistemic virtue theories, and knowledge-first theories. The debate about the appropriate use of intuition to provide evidence in all areas of philosophy began as a debate about the epistemic status of the 'Gettier intuition'. The differing accounts of epistemic luck are all rooted in responses to the Gettier Problem. The discussions about the role of false beliefs in the production of knowledge are directly traceable to Gettier's paper, as are the debates between fallibilists and infallibilists. Indeed, it is fair to say that providing a satisfactory response to the Gettier Problem has become a litmus test of any adequate account of knowledge even those accounts that hold that the Gettier Problem rests on mistakes of various sorts. This volume presents a collection of essays by twenty-six experts, including some of the most influential philosophers of our time, on the various issues that arise from Gettier's challenge to the analysis of knowledge. Explaining Knowledge sets the agenda for future work on the central problem of epistemology.
Author: Chiam Ching Leen Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 981322052X Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
This pioneering text contributes to the theory and practice of teaching and learning. The purpose is to unlock how key stakeholders of the spectrum of pre-universities in Singapore make sense of "knowledge" and "knowledge work," and endeavour to determine how their understanding of "knowledge" shapes their understanding of "knowledge work" and the conditions that affect their knowledge work. This monograph contributes in a most productive fashion to the necessary educational debates on teaching and learning, which quickly segue into pragmatic political debates about what sort of society and global community we desire. Using three widely diverse pre-university settings in Singapore as case studies, this book seeks to fill the existing gap by elucidating educators' and students' identification of knowledge, knowledge work and the problems and challenges confronting knowledge work. Contents: IntroductionMethodology/ Research ProceduresLiterature ReviewThe OrgPoly Case StudyThe OrgJC Case StudyThe VocInst Case StudyAnalysing the Three Case Studies Discussion and ImplicationsConclusion and Direction Readership: School administrators, educators and researchers focusing on the significance of values on educational practices, and the theory and practice of teaching and learning. Keywords: Knowledge;Epistemic;Teaching and Learning;Singapore;Pre-University;Educator;Student;Case StudyReview: Key Features: This is a pioneering text that delves into the knowledge work at pre-universities in SingaporeThe findings that are presented as three multi-case studies (based on findings gathered from 56 interviews, supplemented by surveys, field notes and reflections obtained from classroom observations and document records) in Singapore's pre-universities serve as evidence that shows the close interrelationships between the values and related educational practices in each site, which both enable and constrain thinking about and engagement in knowledge workIt is apparent that the epistemic positions are embedded in institutional cultures, and hence can only be understood adequately only if they are studied in the context of its carriers (the teachers and students themselves and the processes in the schools) and the interaction of those carriers with the larger social environment. Major implications that flow from this study's findings is discussed in the book
Author: Kareem Khalifa Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107195632 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
The first comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of understanding, addressing burgeoning debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.
Author: Ana-Maria Crețu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030270416 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
This open access book – as the title suggests – explores some of the historical roots and epistemological ramifications of perspectivism. Perspectivism has recently emerged in philosophy of science as an interesting new position in the debate between scientific realism and anti-realism. But there is a lot more to perspectivism than discussions in philosophy of science so far have suggested. Perspectivism is a much broader view that emphasizes how our knowledge (in particular our scientific knowledge of nature) is situated; it is always from a human vantage point (as opposed to some Nagelian "view from nowhere"). This edited collection brings together a diverse team of established and early career scholars across a variety of fields (from the history of philosophy to epistemology and philosophy of science). The resulting nine essays trace some of the seminal ideas of perspectivism back to Kant, Nietzsche, the American Pragmatists, and Putnam, while the second part of the book tackles issues concerning the relation between perspectivism, relativism, and standpoint theories, and the implications of perspectivism for epistemological debates about veritism, epistemic normativity and the foundations of human knowledge.
Author: Patrick Okec Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346883043 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
Document from the year 2020 in the subject Didactics - Common Didactics, Educational Objectives, Methods, , language: English, abstract: Today science teaching and learning is among other points of focus in educational research worldwide. This is because low students’ achievement in science educational programs has remained a great concern for all and for a long time and science literate individuals make greater contributions towards development. In response, Uganda government among other strategies recommended paying higher salaries to all her scientists’ employees. Students’ science performance in northern Uganda primary teachers’ colleges persistently remained low for a long time in spite of several efforts made for improvement. Good science teaching which improves performance demands for a graduate teachers’ full understanding of characteristics of science knowledge. Characteristics of science refers to different ways by which science knowledge or information can be explained or described correctly, for example, science knowledge is subjective and tentative. This study therefore investigated levels of tutors’ understanding of characteristics of science knowledge, their educational qualifications and year one and two students’ performance in Kyambogo University promotional and final 2017 and 2018 science education examinations results. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated tutors have recommended qualifications but lack understanding of characteristics of science knowledge and students’ performance is also low. The condition requires Kyambogo University to ensure immediate integration of science tutors’ training curriculum with the framework of ideas of characteristics of science knowledge. In addition, education managers should organize and plan for workshop training for tutors on characteristics of science knowledge.
Author: Grant P. Wiggins Publisher: ASCD ISBN: 1416600353 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 383
Book Description
What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309459672 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults.
Author: Daniel Rothbart Publisher: Edwin Mellen Press ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
This study explains scientific progress through analogical cross-fertilization of ideas between distinct physical systems. In many cases, progress can be generatedfrom a radically new juxtaposition of apparently incongruous physical systems.
Author: Rick Boxx Publisher: ISBN: 9780615155890 Category : Business ethics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The workplace is often filled with potential ethical snares. Integrity is often touted, but rarely found when enough money is at risk, or when our turf is being infringed upon. Integrity Moments is filled with refreshing biblical insights woven into daily real life stories and illustrations to help strengthen your journey of living a life of integrity at work. This book provides short but engaging stories that will challenge you to be a model of integrity to your workplace.
Author: Harry Collins Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226113825 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 202
Book Description
Much of what humans know we cannot say. And much of what we do we cannot describe. For example, how do we know how to ride a bike when we can’t explain how we do it? Abilities like this were called “tacit knowledge” by physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi, but here Harry Collins analyzes the term, and the behavior, in much greater detail, often departing from Polanyi’s treatment. In Tacit and Explicit Knowledge, Collins develops a common conceptual language to bridge the concept’s disparate domains by explaining explicit knowledge and classifying tacit knowledge. Collins then teases apart the three very different meanings, which, until now, all fell under the umbrella of Polanyi’s term: relational tacit knowledge (things we could describe in principle if someone put effort into describing them), somatic tacit knowledge (things our bodies can do but we cannot describe how, like balancing on a bike), and collective tacit knowledge (knowledge we draw that is the property of society, such as the rules for language). Thus, bicycle riding consists of some somatic tacit knowledge and some collective tacit knowledge, such as the knowledge that allows us to navigate in traffic. The intermixing of the three kinds of tacit knowledge has led to confusion in the past; Collins’s book will at last unravel the complexities of the idea. Tacit knowledge drives everything from language, science, education, and management to sport, bicycle riding, art, and our interaction with technology. In Collins’s able hands, it also functions at last as a framework for understanding human behavior in a range of disciplines.
Author: Rodrigo Borges
Author: Rodrigo Borges
Author: Chiam Ching Leen
Author: Kareem Khalifa
Author: Ana-Maria Crețu
Author: Patrick Okec
Author: Grant P. Wiggins
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Daniel Rothbart
Author: Rick Boxx
Author: Harry Collins