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Author: Michael Charles Kew Publisher: Trafford Publishing ISBN: 146691890X Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
The book comprehensively covers all aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma (cancer) as it occurs in sub-Saharan black Africans and how the cancer differs from that in other parts of the world, in most of which it occurs infrequently. The first chapter is introduced with a discussion of the difficulty in recording all cases of this cancer in sub Saharan Africa and then covers its epidemiology, emphasising the very high incidence of liver cancer in sub Saharan black Africans. The relatively young age at which the tumor occurs in comparison with the older age of the patients in resource-rich regions is stressed. The sex distribution of the cancer is also discussed. The second chapter describes the ways in which hepatocellular cancer presents in black Africans, its symptoms and signs, and how its presentation differs from that in other parts of the world. The third chapter summarises the grave outlook for patients with the tumor, the very short survival times of the patients, and the reasons for their deaths. The fourth chapter discusses the diagnosis of the cancer and why this is far more difficult than it is in resource-rich countries. The fifth chapter deals with the pathology of the tumor-its similarities and differences from that in other parts of the world. The sixth chapter is the longest in the book, and it deals comprehensively with the causes of liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The major cause is chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus, an infection acquired in early childhood, and the possible mechanisms by which this may cause the cancer. Other less common but still important causes in the subcontinent-such as exposure to the fungal carcinogen, aflatoxin, chronic hepatitis C virus infection, dietary iron overload among Africans, and membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava-are also discussed. The seventh chapter discusses the difficulty in treating hepatocellular cancer and the poor results obtained in sub-Saharan Africa in comparison with the results of treatment in industrialized countries. The penultimate chapter presents possible ways to prevent the cancer or, at least, to detect it at a far earlier time than is currently the case and when it may be more amenable to treatment. The current status of vaccination in preventing hepatitis B virus infection, and hence liver cancer, is discussed in detail. The final chapter asks the question, "How can we improve the diagnosis and treatment of this dreadful malignant disease?"
Author: Michael Charles Kew Publisher: Trafford Publishing ISBN: 146691890X Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
The book comprehensively covers all aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma (cancer) as it occurs in sub-Saharan black Africans and how the cancer differs from that in other parts of the world, in most of which it occurs infrequently. The first chapter is introduced with a discussion of the difficulty in recording all cases of this cancer in sub Saharan Africa and then covers its epidemiology, emphasising the very high incidence of liver cancer in sub Saharan black Africans. The relatively young age at which the tumor occurs in comparison with the older age of the patients in resource-rich regions is stressed. The sex distribution of the cancer is also discussed. The second chapter describes the ways in which hepatocellular cancer presents in black Africans, its symptoms and signs, and how its presentation differs from that in other parts of the world. The third chapter summarises the grave outlook for patients with the tumor, the very short survival times of the patients, and the reasons for their deaths. The fourth chapter discusses the diagnosis of the cancer and why this is far more difficult than it is in resource-rich countries. The fifth chapter deals with the pathology of the tumor-its similarities and differences from that in other parts of the world. The sixth chapter is the longest in the book, and it deals comprehensively with the causes of liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The major cause is chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus, an infection acquired in early childhood, and the possible mechanisms by which this may cause the cancer. Other less common but still important causes in the subcontinent-such as exposure to the fungal carcinogen, aflatoxin, chronic hepatitis C virus infection, dietary iron overload among Africans, and membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava-are also discussed. The seventh chapter discusses the difficulty in treating hepatocellular cancer and the poor results obtained in sub-Saharan Africa in comparison with the results of treatment in industrialized countries. The penultimate chapter presents possible ways to prevent the cancer or, at least, to detect it at a far earlier time than is currently the case and when it may be more amenable to treatment. The current status of vaccination in preventing hepatitis B virus infection, and hence liver cancer, is discussed in detail. The final chapter asks the question, "How can we improve the diagnosis and treatment of this dreadful malignant disease?"
Author: Olufunso Adebola Adedeji Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319525549 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
This book discusses the current state of cancer pathway as it is relevant to sub-Saharan Africa and highlights differences in epidemiology and the underlying problems with management. It outlines the current practice and opinions in all forms of cancer, also highlighting future prospects. Starting by providing background information on the epidemiology and genomic variations, the book then goes on to look at Infection-related cancers and continues to prostate GI, breast cancer and ovarian and cervical cancer. The last part of the book focuses on delivery of affordable and accessible care. Palliative services and primary and transnational research, as well as clinical trials are also discussed. Written by a team of authors based in the UK, Nigeria, South Africa and the US. this book offers an overview of the current state and challenges of cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa, and it would be valuable to policy makers, researchers, funding organisations, and can be an adjunct to standard text books for students, residents and established doctors.
Author: Isidor Segal Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128156783 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
Digestive Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Changes and Challenges provides an in-depth examination into the rise of western digestive diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For those interested in the causes of the major diseases of the ‘West’, the patterns in Africa have always reflected on the emergence of western diseases and elucidated the pattern of these conditions and their clinical course. Coverage includes the present epidemiology of GI diseases in SSA, the trends that are occurring, and the context of other emerging diseases. Appropriate for researchers, gastroenterologists and internists, this book brings together the latest research in a single, complete volume. Provides evidence of the changes occurring in digestive disease in Sub-Saharan Africa due to Westernization Covers urbanization, upward mobility, demographics, environmental changes, and the availability of natural resources that have a decisive influence on digestive diseases Offers models for the amelioration of digestive diseases due to Westernization
Author: D. M. Parkin Publisher: IARC Scientific Publications ISBN: 9789283222200 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa volume brings together population-based cancer incidence data from 25 cancer registries in 20 sub-Saharan African countries that are part of the African Cancer Registry Network. The compiled data in this volume, presented and commented upon by covered population and by anatomical site, are of tremendous value to the assessment of the pattern and evolution of cancer in Africa, as a means of elucidating, confirming, and evaluating causes of the disease.
Author: Toshiro Nakashima Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 4431683348 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common fatal malignan cies of mankind. Up to a few decades ago it was looked upon as a cancer which aroused mainly academic concern but relatively little clinical interest, because its therapy and prognosis had a most un favorable outlook. Indeed, it was mostly recognized only at autopsy. Recently this pessimism has radically changed and is disappearing to a rapidly accelerating degree. Many of the scientific contributions at this change in outlook are the result of research in the Far East, first, Japan and then gradually extending to its neighbors. The introduction of experimental hepatocarcinogens by Yoshida more than 50 years ago may have been one of the first important steps. Hepatocellular car cinoma shows a characteristic geographical distribution. With the highest incidence in China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, followed by southern and eastern Europe, while generally the incidence is rather low in western and northern Europe and North and South America.
Author: Massimiliano Berretta Publisher: ISBN: 9781634840262 Category : HEALTH & FITNESS Languages : en Pages : 223
Book Description
HCC is the most common primary cancer of the liver and according to the WHO report, the fourth commonest cause of death. The estimated incidence of new cases worldwide is about 500,000-1,000,000 per year causing 600,000 deaths globally per year. Although there are large areas of the world where the incidence of HCC is still unknown, several countries in East Asia and some Sub-Saharan African regions are affected by a very high prevalence of HCC (over 20 cases/100,000 population). Areas with a moderately high risk (11-20 cases/100,000 population) include Italy, Spain and Latin America, while France, Germany and the United Kingdom have instead an intermediate risk (5-10 cases/100,000 population). A relatively low prevalence (less than 5 cases/100,000 population) is found in the United States, Canada and Scandinavia. The incidence of HCC has been rising in developed western countries in the last two decades, along with the emergence of the hepatitis C virus infection and due to the rise of immigration rates from HBV-endemic countries. In addition, even though the incidence of HCC reaches its highest peak among persons over 65 years, an increased incidence among younger individuals has been noted in the last two decades both in USA and Europe. A multidisciplinary approach should be taken when assessing patients with HCC; stage of HCC and liver disease should always be taken into account and the best treatment should be offered. Liver resection and ablative treatments should never be denied to patients, and curative procedures should be performed in hepato-biliary-pancreatic centers. Each HCC patient has to be evaluated singularly, stratifying each time the risk for the procedure so as to determine which treatment is the best treatment. It is also important to analyze all the possibilities that can be offered. This similar approach showed a good efficacy and safety in all "frail" patient categories, such as elderly patients or patients with HCC and HIV infection. Early diagnosis of HCC and retreatment for HCC recurrence have a key role in the survival of patients. Therefore, regular screening programs for HCC should be extended to all patients according to proposed guidelines, together with a greater proclivity for treatment and retreatment options in cases of an HCC diagnosis or recurrence. This may be an important and needed breakthrough for this rising problem.
Author: Edward L. Krawitt Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science Division ISBN: 9780444828033 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 656
Book Description
The second edition, which appears seven years after the first, is a more comprehensive text and addresses the many recent advances in basic and clinical science applicable to autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune aspects of viral-, drug- and alcohol-induced liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed in depth in light of current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autoimmunity as it applies to liver disease.
Author: Michael Charles Kew Publisher: Trafford Publishing ISBN: 1466918888 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
The book comprehensively covers all aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma (cancer) as it occurs in sub-Saharan black Africans and how the cancer differs from that in other parts of the world, in most of which it occurs infrequently. The first chapter is introduced with a discussion of the difficulty in recording all cases of this cancer in sub Saharan Africa and then covers its epidemiology, emphasising the very high incidence of liver cancer in sub Saharan black Africans. The relatively young age at which the tumor occurs in comparison with the older age of the patients in resource-rich regions is stressed. The sex distribution of the cancer is also discussed. The second chapter describes the ways in which hepatocellular cancer presents in black Africans, its symptoms and signs, and how its presentation differs from that in other parts of the world. The third chapter summarises the grave outlook for patients with the tumor, the very short survival times of the patients, and the reasons for their deaths. The fourth chapter discusses the diagnosis of the cancer and why this is far more difficult than it is in resource-rich countries. The fifth chapter deals with the pathology of the tumorits similarities and differences from that in other parts of the world. The sixth chapter is the longest in the book, and it deals comprehensively with the causes of liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The major cause is chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus, an infection acquired in early childhood, and the possible mechanisms by which this may cause the cancer. Other less common but still important causes in the subcontinentsuch as exposure to the fungal carcinogen, aflatoxin, chronic hepatitis C virus infection, dietary iron overload among Africans, and membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cavaare also discussed. The seventh chapter discusses the difficulty in treating hepatocellular cancer and the poor results obtained in sub-Saharan Africa in comparison with the results of treatment in industrialized countries. The penultimate chapter presents possible ways to prevent the cancer or, at least, to detect it at a far earlier time than is currently the case and when it may be more amenable to treatment. The current status of vaccination in preventing hepatitis B virus infection, and hence liver cancer, is discussed in detail. The final chapter asks the question, How can we improve the diagnosis and treatment of this dreadful malignant disease?
Author: Brian I. Carr Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030787370 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
This book aims to illuminate the causes, incidence, and treatments of Hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) or liver cancer in the politically important and societally diverse region of the Middle East. Taking a flexible and inclusive view, it examines the influences of geography, crops and diet, ethnicity, and local behavior on both diagnosis and outcomes of this disease. Understanding the different causes of liver cancer enables effective strategies for both prevention and early diagnosis while knowledge of the different treatment modalities, their uses and limitations, availability and costs, works to inform rational treatment provision and selection. Divided into four sections, this book considers the causes and clinical syndromes associated with HCC, provides a detailed overview of clinical HCC and treatment modalities, describes country-specific clinical HCC experience and practice, and considers future needs and the potential for HCC collaborations across the region. Liver Cancer in the Middle East is a useful resource for clinicians seeking insight into the second highest cause of death from cancer worldwide, governments planning social and medical services for their peoples, as well as for international aid agencies prioritizing donations.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9789241549981 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Testing and diagnosis of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection is the gateway for access to both prevention and treatment services, and is a crucial component of an effective response to the hepatitis epidemic. Early identification of persons with chronic HBV or HCV infection enables them to receive the necessary care and treatment to prevent or delay progression of liver disease. Testing also provides an opportunity to link people to interventions to reduce transmission, through counselling on risk behaviors and provision of prevention commodities (such as sterile needles and syringes) and hepatitis B vaccination. These are the first WHO guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection and complement published guidance by WHO on the prevention, care and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection. These guidelines outline the public health approach to strengthening and expanding current testing practices for HBV and HCV, and are intended for use across age groups and populations.
Author: Michael Charles Kew
Author: Michael Charles Kew
Author: Olufunso Adebola Adedeji
Author: Isidor Segal
Author: D. M. Parkin
Author: Toshiro Nakashima
Author: Massimiliano Berretta
Author: Edward L. Krawitt
Author: Michael Charles Kew
Author: Brian I. Carr
Author: World Health Organization