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Author: Stewart Shapiro Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand ISBN: 0199280398 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
Stewart Shapiro's aim in Vagueness in Context is to develop both a philosophical and a formal, model-theoretic account of the meaning, function, and logic of vague terms in an idealized version of a natural language like English. It is a commonplace that the extensions of vague terms vary with such contextual factors as the comparison class and paradigm cases. A person can be tall with respect to male accountants and not tall (even short) with respect to professionalbasketball players. The main feature of Shapiro's account is that the extensions (and anti-extensions) of vague terms also vary in the course of a conversation, even after the external contextual features, such as the comparison class, are fixed. A central thesis is that in some cases, a competent speaker ofthe language can go either way in the borderline area of a vague predicate without sinning against the meaning of the words and the non-linguistic facts. Shapiro calls this open texture, borrowing the term from Friedrich Waismann.The formal model theory has a similar structure to the supervaluationist approach, employing the notion of a sharpening of a base interpretation. In line with the philosophical account, however, the notion of super-truth does not play a central role in the development of validity. The ultimate goal of the technical aspects of the work is to delimit a plausible notion of logical consequence, and to explore what happens with the sorites paradox.Later chapters deal with what passes for higher-order vagueness - vagueness in the notions of 'determinacy' and 'borderline' - and with vague singular terms, or objects. In each case, the philosophical picture is developed by extending and modifying the original account. This is followed with modifications to the model theory and the central meta-theorems.As Shapiro sees it, vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak. But vagueness is also due to the world we find ourselves in, as we try to communicate features of it to each other. Vagueness is also due to the kinds of beings we are. There is no need to blame the phenomenon on any one of those aspects.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chinese characters Languages : ja Pages : 232
Book Description
This material is designed to enable students to learn kanji and kanji-based vocabulary indispensable to Japanese communication. Consists of reference book, workbook one, workbook two. Suitable for self study.
Author: Nick Selby Publisher: Contextual Press ISBN: 9780980181708 Category : Languages : en Pages : 302
Book Description
Since 2014, the media and the American public have paid more attention than ever to the use of deadly force by American police officers. This accessible book, written in plain English, provides in objective, accurate terms contextually relevant facts on incidents during 2015 in which police officers killed unarmed civilians. It provides reporters, activists, scholars, police administrators, and legislators with high-level analysis to stimulate educated debate. The incidents are described in neutrally written accounts, with analysis and commentary from three perspectives: a police data expert; a veteran street cop and narcotics detective; and an experienced expert witness in the use of force. With chapters by a commissioner of one of America's largest police departments, and a former Navy SEAL commander, the book presents these controversial issues in a new way: fearlessly criticizing the police where warranted, and equally fearlessly pointing out where the police acted not just correctly, but honorably.
Author: Helen Nissenbaum Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 0804772894 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Privacy is one of the most urgent issues associated with information technology and digital media. This book claims that what people really care about when they complain and protest that privacy has been violated is not the act of sharing information itself—most people understand that this is crucial to social life —but the inappropriate, improper sharing of information. Arguing that privacy concerns should not be limited solely to concern about control over personal information, Helen Nissenbaum counters that information ought to be distributed and protected according to norms governing distinct social contexts—whether it be workplace, health care, schools, or among family and friends. She warns that basic distinctions between public and private, informing many current privacy policies, in fact obscure more than they clarify. In truth, contemporary information systems should alarm us only when they function without regard for social norms and values, and thereby weaken the fabric of social life.
Author: Doris T. Myers Publisher: Kent State University Press ISBN: 9780873386173 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
C. S. Lewis in Context approaches Lewis' fiction through the linguistic controversies of his day, & develops a framework within which to evaluate his works & clarify his literary contributions. This valuable study will appeal to literary & linguistic scholars as well as to general enthusiasts of Lewis' fiction.
Author: Stephen B. Bevans Publisher: Orbis Books ISBN: 1608330281 Category : Religion Languages : en Pages : 513
Book Description
"Mission is handicapped without a sound biblical theology of mission and an understanding of the history of mission leading up to our current context. Constants in Context offers both of these elements. It is mission theology in historical perspective and/or a history of mission that is grounded theologically. The authors describe it as a systematic theology with mission at its core, and a church history shaped by the constant but always contextual Christian traditions. Furthermore it is a constructive contribution to how mission theology needs to be practical and lived out through today's church and in our world. Written collaboratively by Roman Catholic writers Stephen Bevans and Roger Schroeder, both Missionaries of the Divine Word (SVDs). It is a particularly insightful in regard to the history and the various streams of Catholic mission but it also addresses and learns from the other traditions of the church. In fact, one of the book's strengths is its attention to neglected aspects and hidden stories of church and mission history. As a result it is gratifying to be inspired by non-European mission, women in mission and various forgotten or often ignored branches of the church. The book is in three sections: first, there is a framework for cultural contexts and theological constants; second, an in-depth exploration of historical stages and different models for mission; and third, a presentation of theological frameworks for mission. The third section concludes with a case for 'mission as prophetic dialogue' being the most appropriate model for 21st century mission." -- Amazon.com.
Author: Susan L. Maros Publisher: InterVarsity Press ISBN: 1514001454 Category : Religion Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
"I don't care for vocational books written in the United States; they're too American." When Susan Maros heard this comment from a Malaysian colleague, she was initially taken aback. Isn't the concept of calling universal? Why wouldn't resources with a biblical perspective on vocation apply to everyone? The reality is that each of us encounters our questions of calling from within a particular context. In this paradigm-shifting book, Maros explores how various dimensions of social location—including race, ethnicity, culture, socioeconomic status, and gender—shape our assumptions and experiences with vocation. Maros helps Christians in the United States in particular see how ideas about calling that emphasize certainty, career paths, and personal achievement arise from cultural priorities that shouldn't go unexamined, such as individualism, productivity, and meritocracy. She explains how unexamined "mental maps" can distort our perspective and refocuses our attention on biblical insights about calling as a lifelong journey. In the process, she helps us find both clarity and encouragement to explore the paths before us. God calls all people, yes—but calling is not a monolithic concept. Filled with numerous stories from Christians in diverse communities, Calling in Context invites anyone exploring questions of calling to find fresh possibilities in their own identity and engagement with God's mission. Reflection questions and Bible study prompts are included throughout.
Author: Leigh Chiarelott Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
CURRICULUM IN CONTEXT is a guidebook for teachers and curriculum designers who are preparing to write curricula for use in pre-K through 12 classrooms and post-secondary settings. This text focuses on contextual teaching and learning (CTL), a system of instruction that enables students to find meaning by connecting the content of the lesson with the context of their lives. The book's practical focus provides teachers and administrators with the concepts and skills they need to make curricular and instructional decisions appropriate for their schools and classrooms. Author Leigh Chiarelott presents some of the most popular models for curriculum development, beginning with the classic Tyler "4 questions," and leading into more contemporary models, such as Wiggins and McTighe's "Backward Design." Unlike other available texts, CURRICULUM IN CONTEXT treats the principles of contextual teaching and learning as an integral element of the curriculum design process.
Author: Esther Quintero Publisher: ISBN: 9781682530382 Category : Education and state Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Teaching in Context provides new evidence from a range of leading scholars showing that teachers become more effective when they work in organizations that support them in comprehensive and coordinated ways. The studies featured in the book suggest an alternative approach to enhancing teacher quality: creating conditions and school structures that facilitate the transmission and sharing of knowledge among teachers, allowing teachers to work together effectively, and capitalizing on what we know about how educators learn and improve. The chapters in this book point to the need to reevaluate current policies for assessing and ensuring teacher effectiveness, and establish the foundation for a more thoughtful, research-informed approach. "What a wonderful collection of diverse voices in this book, all sounding a similar message. Successful schools encourage and support purposeful collaboration among adults and they focus on students. In these schools, teachers feel more rewarded for their efforts and students learn more. Practitioners and researchers understand these findings. Now, let's build education policies that enable them." --John Q. Easton, vice president of programs, Spencer Foundation "Teaching in Context is a call to action--one to which Esther Quintero and her colleagues invite us to imagine, build, nurture, and protect a profession and culture fueled by supportive networks that produce more trust and less churn." --Ralph R. Smith, managing director, Campaign for Grade-Level Reading Esther Quintero is a senior fellow at the Albert Shanker Institute. Andy Hargreaves is the Brennan Chair in Education at Boston College.
Author: Stewart Shapiro Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand ISBN: 0199280398 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
Stewart Shapiro's aim in Vagueness in Context is to develop both a philosophical and a formal, model-theoretic account of the meaning, function, and logic of vague terms in an idealized version of a natural language like English. It is a commonplace that the extensions of vague terms vary with such contextual factors as the comparison class and paradigm cases. A person can be tall with respect to male accountants and not tall (even short) with respect to professionalbasketball players. The main feature of Shapiro's account is that the extensions (and anti-extensions) of vague terms also vary in the course of a conversation, even after the external contextual features, such as the comparison class, are fixed. A central thesis is that in some cases, a competent speaker ofthe language can go either way in the borderline area of a vague predicate without sinning against the meaning of the words and the non-linguistic facts. Shapiro calls this open texture, borrowing the term from Friedrich Waismann.The formal model theory has a similar structure to the supervaluationist approach, employing the notion of a sharpening of a base interpretation. In line with the philosophical account, however, the notion of super-truth does not play a central role in the development of validity. The ultimate goal of the technical aspects of the work is to delimit a plausible notion of logical consequence, and to explore what happens with the sorites paradox.Later chapters deal with what passes for higher-order vagueness - vagueness in the notions of 'determinacy' and 'borderline' - and with vague singular terms, or objects. In each case, the philosophical picture is developed by extending and modifying the original account. This is followed with modifications to the model theory and the central meta-theorems.As Shapiro sees it, vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak. But vagueness is also due to the world we find ourselves in, as we try to communicate features of it to each other. Vagueness is also due to the kinds of beings we are. There is no need to blame the phenomenon on any one of those aspects.
Author: David Boucher Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400950756 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 285
Book Description
The methodology of the study of the history of political thought is an area of study which has occupied my interests for nearly a decade. I was introduced to the subject in University College, Swansea. My teachers there provided me with an excellent grounding in political studies. I am particularly indebted to Bruce Haddock, Peter Nicholson and W. H. Greenleaf. Professor Greenleaf was kind enough to supply me with a copy of his bibliography and copies of two of his unpublished papers. I continued to pursue my interest in methodology at the London School of Economics and Political Science. I am indebted to Ken Minogue and Robert Orr who taught me there. My greatest debt is to Dr. Joseph Femia ofthe University of Liverpool who devoted a great deal of time to considering the arguments presented here. His criticisms and suggestions for improvement proved to be invaluable. I would also like to thank Alan Ryan for his general comments and encouraging advice. It would be remiss of me if I neglected to express my gratitude to Dewi Beynon who was my first teacher of politics. The research for this project was carried out in the following places; The British Library of Political Science, London; The Sidney Jones Library, University of Liverpool; The National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; The Main Library, University of Edinburgh; The Arts and Social Science Library, University College, Cardiff; and the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Author: Stewart Shapiro
Author: 
Author: Nick Selby
Author: Helen Nissenbaum
Author: Doris T. Myers
Author: Stephen B. Bevans
Author: Susan L. Maros
Author: Leigh Chiarelott
Author: Esther Quintero
Author: Stewart Shapiro
Author: David Boucher