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Lasers and Excited States of Rare Earths

Lasers and Excited States of Rare Earths PDF Author: Renata Reisfeld
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642666965
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235

Book Description
The possibility of stimulated light emission was discussed by Einstein in 1917, eight years before the quantum-mechanical description of energy levels of many-electron systems. Though it is imperative to use samples having optical properties greatly different from the stan dard continuous spectrum of opaque objects ("black body" radia tion) it is not always necessary to restrict the study to monatomic entities. Thus, spectral lines can be obtained (in absorption and in emission) from lanthanide compounds, containing from one to thir teen 4f electrons going from trivalent cerium to ytterbium, that are nearly as sharp as the ones from gaseous atoms. However, the presence of adjacent atoms modifies the simple picture of an isolated electron configuration, and in particular, it is possible to pump excited levels efficiently by energy transfer from species with intense absorption bands, such as the inter-shell transitions of other lanthanides and of thallium(I), lead(II) and bismuth(III) or the electron transfer bands of the uranyl ion or other complexes. On the other hand, it is possible to diminuish the mUlti-phonon relaxation (competing with sharp line luminescence) by selecting vitreous or crystalline materials with low phonon energies. Obviously, one cannot circumvent the conservation of energy by lasers, but they may have unprecedented consequences for the future by allowing nuclear fusion of light elements, effects of non-linear optics and time-resolved spectroscopy, besides the more conventional applications of coherent light beams with negligible angular extension.

Lasers and Excited States of Rare Earths

Lasers and Excited States of Rare Earths PDF Author: Renata Reisfeld
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642666965
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235

Book Description
The possibility of stimulated light emission was discussed by Einstein in 1917, eight years before the quantum-mechanical description of energy levels of many-electron systems. Though it is imperative to use samples having optical properties greatly different from the stan dard continuous spectrum of opaque objects ("black body" radia tion) it is not always necessary to restrict the study to monatomic entities. Thus, spectral lines can be obtained (in absorption and in emission) from lanthanide compounds, containing from one to thir teen 4f electrons going from trivalent cerium to ytterbium, that are nearly as sharp as the ones from gaseous atoms. However, the presence of adjacent atoms modifies the simple picture of an isolated electron configuration, and in particular, it is possible to pump excited levels efficiently by energy transfer from species with intense absorption bands, such as the inter-shell transitions of other lanthanides and of thallium(I), lead(II) and bismuth(III) or the electron transfer bands of the uranyl ion or other complexes. On the other hand, it is possible to diminuish the mUlti-phonon relaxation (competing with sharp line luminescence) by selecting vitreous or crystalline materials with low phonon energies. Obviously, one cannot circumvent the conservation of energy by lasers, but they may have unprecedented consequences for the future by allowing nuclear fusion of light elements, effects of non-linear optics and time-resolved spectroscopy, besides the more conventional applications of coherent light beams with negligible angular extension.

Lasers and Excited States of Rare Earths

Lasers and Excited States of Rare Earths PDF Author: Renata Reisfeld
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783642666971
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240

Book Description


Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths in Optical Materials

Spectroscopic Properties of Rare Earths in Optical Materials PDF Author: Guokui Liu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540282092
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 567

Book Description
Aimed at researchers and graduate students, this book provides up-to-date information about the electronic interactions that impact the optical properties of rare earth ions in solids. Its goal is to establish a connection between fundamental principles and the materials properties of rare-earth activated luminescent and laser optical materials. The theoretical survey and introduction to spectroscopic properties covers electronic energy level structure, intensities of optical transitions, ion-phonon interactions, line broadening, and energy transfer and up-conversion. An important aspect of the book lies in its deep and detailed discussions of materials properties and the potential of new applications such as optical storage, information processing, nanophotonics, and molecular probes that have been identified in recent experimental studies. This volume will be a valuable reference book on advanced topics of rare earth spectroscopy and materials science.

Rare Earth-doped Alkali-lead-halide Laser Crystals of Low-phonon Energy

Rare Earth-doped Alkali-lead-halide Laser Crystals of Low-phonon Energy PDF Author: Katja Rademaker
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3865376525
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129

Book Description


Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Revised and Expanded

Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Revised and Expanded PDF Author: Michel J.F. Digonnet
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0824741641
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 956

Book Description
A discussion of the theories, operating characteristics, and current technology of main fiber laser and amplifier devices based on rare-earth-doped silica and fluorozirconate fibers. It describes the principles, designs, and properties of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and its role as the cornerstone component in optical communication systems. This second edition contains new and revised material reflecting major developments in academia and industry.

Quantum Electronics

Quantum Electronics PDF Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780080859965
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 378

Book Description
Quantum Electronics

The Physics and Engineering of Solid State Lasers

The Physics and Engineering of Solid State Lasers PDF Author: Yehoshua Y. Kalisky
Publisher: SPIE Press
ISBN: 9780819460943
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 226

Book Description
Explains the mutual influences between the physical and dynamic processes in solids and their lasing properties. This book provides insight into the physics and engineering of solid state lasers by integrating information from several disciplines, including solid state physics, materials science, photophysics, and dynamic processes in solids.

Modern Aspects of Rare Earths and their Complexes

Modern Aspects of Rare Earths and their Complexes PDF Author: Vinny R. Sastri
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080536682
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1006

Book Description
In order to use rare earths successfully in various applications, a good understanding of the chemistry of these elements is of paramount importance. Nearly three to four decades have passed since titles such as The Rare Earths edited by F.H. Spedding and A.H. Daane, The chemistry of the Rare Earth Elements by N.E. Topp and Complexes of the Rare Earths by S.P. Sinha were published. There have been many international conferences and symposia on rare earths, as well as the series of volumes entitled Handbook of Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths edited by K.A. Gschneidner and L. Eyring. Thus, there is a need for a new title covering modern aspects of rare earth complexes along with the applications. The present title consists of twelve chapters. 1. Introduction 2. General aspects 3. Stability of complexes 4. Lanthanide complexes 5. Structural chemistry of lanthanide compounds 6. Organometallic complexes 7. Kinetics and mechanisms of rare earths complexation 8. Spectroscopy of lanthanide complexes 9. Photoelectron spectroscopy of rare earths 10. Lanthanide NMR shift reagents 11. Environmental ecological biological aspects 12. Applications The authors studied in schools headed by pioneers in rare earth chemistry, have a combined experience of one hundred and fifty years in inorganic chemistry, rare earth complex chemistry, nuclear and radiochemistry of rare earths and supramolecular chemistry. The present monograph is a product of this rich experience.

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths

Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths PDF Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008054858X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 559

Book Description
Optical spectroscopy has been instrumental in the discovery of many lanthanide elements. In return, these elements have always played a prominent role in lighting devices and light conversion technologies (Auer mantles, incandescent lamps, lasers, cathode-ray and plasma displays). They are also presently used in highly sensitive luminescent bio-analyses and cell imaging. This volume of the Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths is entirely devoted to the photophysical properties of these elements. It is dedicated to the late Professor William T (Bill) Carnall who has pioneered the understanding of lanthanide spectra in the 1960’s and starts with a Dedication to this scientist. The following five chapters describe various aspects of lanthanide spectroscopy and its applications. Chapters 231 presents state-of-the-art theoretical calculations of lanthanide energy levels and transition intensities. It is followed by a review (Chapter 232) on both theoretical and experimental aspects of f-d transitions, a less well known field of lanthanide spectroscopy, yet very important for the design of new optical materials. Chapter 233 describes how confinement effects act on the photophysical properties of lanthanides when they are inserted into nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanowires, nanotubes, insulating and semiconductor nanocrystals. The use of lanthanide chelates for biomedical analyses is presented in Chapter 234; long lifetimes of the excited states of lanthanide ions allow the use of time-resolved spectroscopy, which leads to highly sensitive analyses devoid of background effect from the autofluorescence of the samples. The last review (Chapter 235) provides a comprehensive survey of near-infrared (NIR) emitting molecular probes and devices, spanning an all range of compounds, from simple chelates to macrocyclic complexes, heterometallic functional edifices, coordination polymers and other extended structures. Applications ranging from telecommunications to light-emitting diodes and biomedical analyses are assessed. - Provides a comprehensive look at optical spectroscopy and its applications- A volume in the continuing authoritative series which deals with the chemistry, materials science, physics and technology of the rare earth elements

Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications: Laser design and laser systems

Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications: Laser design and laser systems PDF Author: Colin E. Webb
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780750309639
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1282

Book Description