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Author: International Monetary Fund Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9264197451 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Good-quality, comprehensive national accounts are vital for economicpolicymaking and research. Exhaustive coverage is difficult to achieve,however, because some economic activities may be illegal, informal,household production for own final use, or missed because of deficienciesin the data collection system. Such activities are said to constitute thenon-observed ("hidden," "underground," or "shadow") economy. ThisHandbook - the product of collaboration among the OECD, the IMF, ILO, ISC-CIS - identifies best practices for measuring the non-observed economy, consistent with international standards (in particular, with theSystem of National Accounts 1993).
Author: International Monetary Fund Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9264197451 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Good-quality, comprehensive national accounts are vital for economicpolicymaking and research. Exhaustive coverage is difficult to achieve,however, because some economic activities may be illegal, informal,household production for own final use, or missed because of deficienciesin the data collection system. Such activities are said to constitute thenon-observed ("hidden," "underground," or "shadow") economy. ThisHandbook - the product of collaboration among the OECD, the IMF, ILO, ISC-CIS - identifies best practices for measuring the non-observed economy, consistent with international standards (in particular, with theSystem of National Accounts 1993).
Author: United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
This publication presents an overview of current practices of 43 countries in measuring the non-observed economy - those activities that are illegal or hidden from authorities to avoid paying tax or social security contributions. It focuses on the description of methods used and includes quantitative examples and estimates of the share of non-observed economy in the GDP of different countries. Statisticians have developed a range of techniques to estimate the informal, illegal and underground activities, and those undertaken by households for their own final use. The publication gives an overview how countries are using these techniques in practice.
Author: Friedrich Schneider Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107034841 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.
Author: Franziska Ohnsorge Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464817545 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264175350 Category : Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
This essential Handbook makes underground, hidden, grey economies intelligible and consistently quantifiable. An invaluable tool for statistics producers and users and researchers, the book explains how the non-observed economy can be measured and ...
Author: Mr.Gabriel Quiros-Romero Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513568248 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
This paper proposes a framework for measuring the informal economy that is consistent with internationally agreed concepts and methodology for measuring GDP. Based on the proposed framework, the informal economy “comprises production of informal sector units, production of goods for own final use, production of domestic workers, and production generated by informal employment in formal enterprises.” This proposed framework will facilitate preparation of estimates of the informal economy as a component of GDP.
Author: Leandro Medina Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484339177 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.
Author: Rutger Hoekstra Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108497330 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
Proposes an new strategy for the beyond-GDP community which aims to replace the economic paradigm centred on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2030.
Author: Leandro Medina Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484309030 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
The multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) method is a well-established tool for measuring informal economic activity. However, it has been criticized because GDP is used both as a cause and indicator variable. To address this issue, this paper applies for the first time the light intensity approach (instead of GDP). It also uses the Predictive Mean Matching (PMM) method to estimate the size of the informal economy for Sub-Saharan African countries over 24 years. Results suggest that informal economy in Sub-Saharan Africa remains among the largest in the world, although this share has been very gradually declining. It also finds significant heterogeneity, with informality ranging from a low of 20 to 25 percent in Mauritius, South Africa and Namibia to a high of 50 to 65 percent in Benin, Tanzania and Nigeria.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Author: International Monetary Fund
Author: United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe
Author: Friedrich Schneider
Author: Franziska Ohnsorge
Author: OECD
Author: Mr.Gabriel Quiros-Romero
Author: Leandro Medina
Author: Rutger Hoekstra
Author: World Bank
Author: Leandro Medina