Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Novelty, Information and Surprise PDF full book. Access full book title Novelty, Information and Surprise by Günther Palm. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Günther Palm Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3662658755 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 294
Book Description
This revised edition offers an approach to information theory that is more general than the classical approach of Shannon. Classically, information is defined for an alphabet of symbols or for a set of mutually exclusive propositions (a partition of the probability space Ω) with corresponding probabilities adding up to 1. The new definition is given for an arbitrary cover of Ω, i.e. for a set of possibly overlapping propositions. The generalized information concept is called novelty and it is accompanied by two concepts derived from it, designated as information and surprise, which describe "opposite" versions of novelty, information being related more to classical information theory and surprise being related more to the classical concept of statistical significance. In the discussion of these three concepts and their interrelations several properties or classes of covers are defined, which turn out to be lattices. The book also presents applications of these concepts, mostly in statistics and in neuroscience.
Author: Günther Palm Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3662658755 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 294
Book Description
This revised edition offers an approach to information theory that is more general than the classical approach of Shannon. Classically, information is defined for an alphabet of symbols or for a set of mutually exclusive propositions (a partition of the probability space Ω) with corresponding probabilities adding up to 1. The new definition is given for an arbitrary cover of Ω, i.e. for a set of possibly overlapping propositions. The generalized information concept is called novelty and it is accompanied by two concepts derived from it, designated as information and surprise, which describe "opposite" versions of novelty, information being related more to classical information theory and surprise being related more to the classical concept of statistical significance. In the discussion of these three concepts and their interrelations several properties or classes of covers are defined, which turn out to be lattices. The book also presents applications of these concepts, mostly in statistics and in neuroscience.
Author: Chronicle Books LLC Publisher: Chronicle Books ISBN: 9780811874786 Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Packed full of impressive pop-out features, these interactive books are sure to engage and entertain curious preschoolers. Simple clues nestled within words and pictures allow children to guess what hides behind each flap. And thensurprise! Giant Pop-Out Food showcases tasty treats in a feast for the eyes. The large pop-outs are simple and sturdy, making them well-suited for and appealing to young children.
Author: Roger Priddy Publisher: Macmillan ISBN: 0312510020 Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
Such baby animals as a duckling, lamb, and chick hide inside Easter eggs in a book encouraging young readers to slide open pages and search for the animals inside.
Author: Gianluca Baldassarre Publisher: Frontiers E-books ISBN: 2889193721 Category : Autonomous robots Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
The aim of this Research Topic for Frontiers in Psychology under the section of Cognitive Science and Frontiers in Neurorobotics is to present state-of-the-art research, whether theoretical, empirical, or computational investigations, on open-ended development driven by intrinsic motivations. The topic will address questions such as: How do motivations drive learning? How are complex skills built up from a foundation of simpler competencies? What are the neural and computational bases for intrinsically motivated learning? What is the contribution of intrinsic motivations to wider cognition? Autonomous development and lifelong open-ended learning are hallmarks of intelligence. Higher mammals, and especially humans, engage in activities that do not appear to directly serve the goals of survival, reproduction, or material advantage. Rather, a large part of their activity is intrinsically motivated - behavior driven by curiosity, play, interest in novel stimuli and surprising events, autonomous goal-setting, and the pleasure of acquiring new competencies. This allows the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can later be used to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans artistic creativity, scientific discovery, and subjective well-being owe much to them. The study of intrinsically motivated behavior has a long history in psychological and ethological research, which is now being reinvigorated by perspectives from neuroscience, artificial intelligence and computer science. For example, recent neuroscientific research is discovering how neuromodulators like dopamine and noradrenaline relate not only to extrinsic rewards but also to novel and surprising events, how brain areas such as the superior colliculus and the hippocampus are involved in the perception and processing of events, novel stimuli, and novel associations of stimuli, and how violations of predictions and expectations influence learning and motivation. Computational approaches are characterizing the space of possible reinforcement learning algorithms and their augmentation by intrinsic reinforcements of different kinds. Research in robotics and machine learning is yielding systems with increasing autonomy and capacity for self-improvement: artificial systems with motivations that are similar to those of real organisms and support prolonged autonomous learning. Computational research on intrinsic motivation is being complemented by, and closely interacting with, research that aims to build hierarchical architectures capable of acquiring, storing, and exploiting the knowledge and skills acquired through intrinsically motivated learning. Now is an important moment in the study of intrinsically motivated open-ended development, requiring contributions and integration across a large number of fields within the cognitive sciences. This Research Topic aims to contribute to this effort by welcoming papers carried out with ethological, psychological, neuroscientific and computational approaches, as well as research that cuts across disciplines and approaches.
Author: George Gilder Publisher: Regnery Publishing ISBN: 1621570274 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
Ronald Reagan’s most-quoted living author—George Gilder—is back with an all-new paradigm-shifting theory of capitalism that will upturn conventional wisdom, just when our economy desperately needs a new direction. America’s struggling economy needs a better philosophy than the college student's lament: "I can't be out of money, I still have checks in my checkbook!" We’ve tried a government spending spree, and we’ve learned it doesn’t work. Now is the time to rededicate our country to the pursuit of free market capitalism, before we’re buried under a mound of debt and unfunded entitlements. But how do we navigate between government spending that's too big to sustain and financial institutions that are "too big to fail?" In Knowledge and Power, George Gilder proposes a bold new theory on how capitalism produces wealth and how our economy can regain its vitality and its growth. Gilder breaks away from the supply-side model of economics to present a new economic paradigm: the epic conflict between the knowledge of entrepreneurs on one side, and the blunt power of government on the other. The knowledge of entrepreneurs, and their freedom to share and use that knowledge, are the sparks that light up the economy and set its gears in motion. The power of government to regulate, stifle, manipulate, subsidize or suppress knowledge and ideas is the inertia that slows those gears down, or keeps them from turning at all. One of the twentieth century’s defining economic minds has returned with a new philosophy to carry us into the twenty-first. Knowledge and Power is a must-read for fiscal conservatives, business owners, CEOs, investors, and anyone interested in propelling America’s economy to future success.
Author: David Pelham Publisher: Little Simon ISBN: 9781416959076 Category : Juvenile Fiction Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Introducing Stuff and Nonsense, the first title in a new novelty series from David Pelham! In this book, kids can meet the adorable Stuff and Nonsense mice as they work hard to gather rough stuff, smooth stuff, shiny stuff, and more stuff! What could they be building? With touch-and-feel elements throughout, readers will delight as the final spread reveals, with the help of an elaborate pop-up, just what these little mice have been creating! This paper-over-board book includes cardstock pages with touch-and-feel elements and pop-ups. This book has been safety tested for all ages.
Author: Natalie Marshall Publisher: Cartwheel Books ISBN: 9781338360042 Category : Juvenile Fiction Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"Someone is hiding under the sea! Could it be a colorful seahorse? Or a big blue whale? Which adorable animals will you see? Pull the surprise tabs and find out!"--Back cover.
Author: Andrew Frank Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203305701 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
One of the ongoing problems researchers in geography and GIS have is studying data that is inherently spatial over a long period of time. One of the main hurdles they have to overcome is the study of groups of people classified by their socio-economic status (one of the main means for governments, companies and research organisations to group together segments of the population). The amount of data collected by governments, business and research organisations has increased markedly in recent years. Geographic Information Systems have been more widely used than ever before for the storage and analysis of this information. Most GIS can handle this information spatially rather than temporally, and have difficulty with the management of socio-economic time series, which relate to spatial units. Accordingly, this book covers the issues ranging from the formal model to differentiate aspects of spatio-temporal data, through philosophical and fundamental reconsideration of time and space to the development of practical solutions to the problem. This book draws together an interdisciplinary group of scientists in the field of geography, computing, surveying and philosophy. It presents the definitive sourcebook on temporal GIS as applied to socio-economic units.
Author: Martin Parker Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317378075 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 379
Book Description
Robert Cooper, who died in 2013, was the leading theorist of organization working in England over the past few decades. Describing himself as a ‘social philosopher,’ he was one of the first writers to introduce post-structuralist and post-modern thought into theories of organization but was always reluctant to reduce what he did to being part of ‘Management.’ Instead, he concentrated on thinking about organizations and organizing, working with ideas about entity and process views of organizations, and also the dualisms of organization/environment, organization/disorganization, and concentrating particularly on ideas of the boundary or seam which divides and conjoins. He wrote about, and was influenced by systems theory and post-structuralist philosophy, particularly Whitehead, Bateson, Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault and Simmel. Cooper has already been the subject of much commentary but much of his work is not well known, and it deserves a wider readership. The purpose of this collection is to gather together a body of essays which are widely dispersed in journals and edited collections. This is a repository of pieces and extracts which stand the test of time, and scholars will benefit from a collection which pulls together some of his most influential work. The collection also contains two essays, one biographical and one intellectual, about Cooper and his work.
Author: John Hassard Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 9780761953920 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
The representation of organizations and working life in the popular media signifies, but also helps shape, contemporary practice and institutions. Organization-Representation unravels the complex social relationship between organization and its representation, offering new insights into the interaction between the popular images we create and receive, and the power relations that govern society, working life and culture. Representations in Hollywood movies, ethnographic and documentary films, children's literature and the popular and `quality' press replicate the power structures they supposedly describe and consequently help shape contemporary realities. This volume offers rich insights into the relations between cu
Author: Günther Palm
Author: Günther Palm
Author: Chronicle Books LLC
Author: Roger Priddy
Author: Gianluca Baldassarre
Author: George Gilder
Author: David Pelham
Author: Natalie Marshall
Author: Andrew Frank
Author: Martin Parker
Author: John Hassard