Principle, Design and Optimization of Air Balancing Methods for the Multi-zone Ventilation Systems in Low Carbon Green Buildings PDF Download

Author: Xin Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811970912
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 167

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Book Description
This book presents a systematic study on the air balancing technologies in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Several modern air balancing methods, including advanced control-based air balancing, data-driven-based air balancing, and energy-saving-oriented air balancing, are introduced in this book to balance the air duct system. Furthermore, this book provides clear instructions for both HVAC designers and engineers, as well as researchers, on how to design and balance duct systems for improved performance and energy efficiency.

Author: Chengmin Liu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811988994
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1260

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Book Description
This is the third in a series of three volumes of proceedings of the 23rd Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference (PBNC 2022) which was held by Chinese Nuclear Society. As one in the most important and influential conference series of nuclear science and technology, the 23rd PBNC was held in Beijing and Chengdu, China in 2022 with the theme “Nuclear Innovation for Zero-carbon Future”. For taking solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, future-oriented nuclear energy should be developed in an innovative way for meeting global energy demands and coordinating the deployment mechanism. It brought together outstanding nuclear scientists and technical experts, senior industry executives, senior government officials and international energy organization leaders from all across the world. The proceedings highlight the latest scientific, technological and industrial advances in Nuclear Safety and Security, Operations and Maintenance, New Builds, Waste Management, Spent Fuel, Decommissioning, Supply Capability and Quality Management, Fuel Cycles, Digital Reactor and New Technology, Innovative Reactors and New Applications, Irradiation Effects, Public Acceptance and Education, Economics, Medical and Biological Applications, and also the student program that intends to raise students’ awareness in fully engaging in this career and keep them updated on the current situation and future trends. These proceedings are not only a good summary of the new developments nuclear science and technology, but also a useful guideline for the researchers, engineers and graduate students.

Author: Hazim B. Awbi
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 0419217002
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 459

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Book Description
This comprehensive account of the methods used for ventilating buildings and the type of systems currently in use for achieving the desired indoor environment will be of particular interest to graduate students, professionals and researchers.

Author: Ulf Larsson
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176852512
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 87

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Book Description
People nowadays spend most of their time indoors, for example in their homes, cars, in trains, at work, etc. In Sweden, the energy demand in the built environment is a growing issue. The building sector accounts for 40% of total energy use and 15% of total CO2 emissions, and around one-third of the energy use in the world is related to providing a healthy and good comfort indoors. To achieve acceptable indoor climates new designs for the ventilation systems have been proposed in recent decades, among them stratified ventilation systems. Stratified ventilation is a concept that often allows good performance for both indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Stratified ventilation systems are effective in reducing cross contamination, since there is virtually no mixing in the space; the temperature and the pollutant concentration increase linearly from the heat source with the height of the occupied zone. There are many different ventilation supply devices using the stratified principle, such as displacement supply device (DSD), impinging jet supply device (IJSD) and wall confluent jet supply device (WCJSD). The main aim of this thesis is to analyze and compare different supply devices based on stratified ventilation, with different setups, related to thermal indoor climate, energy efficiency and ventilation efficiency. The ultimate goal is to contribute to an increased understanding of how ventilation systems with stratified supply devices perform. Two scientific methods have mainly been used in this thesis, i.e., experimental and numerical investigations. For numerical experiments the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code ANSYS and FIDAP have been used. Experimental studies have been performed with thermocouples, Hot-Wire Anemometry (HWA) and Hot-Sphere Anemometry, thermal comfort measurement equipment and tracer gas measurement equipment. This thesis mainly focuses on three research questions: Interaction between a supply device based on stratified ventilation and downdraft from windows; Flow behavior, energy performance and air change effectiveness for different supply devices based on stratified ventilation; and Thermal comfort for different supply devices based on stratified ventilation. Research question one showed that the arrangement of displacement supply device and window in cold climate has significant effect on the flow pattern below the window. Different supply airflow rates have an effect on both the velocity and the temperature of the downdraft. In this case the velocity decreased by approximately 9.5% and the temperature in the downdraft decreased 0.5°C when the flowrate from the supply device increased from 10 to 15 l/s. Research question two showed that airflow patterns between different air supply systems were essentially related to characteristics of air supply devices, such as the type, configuration and position, as well as air supply velocities and momentum. For WCJSD, IJSD and DSD, positions of heat sources (such as occupant, computers, lights and external heat sources) played an important role in formation of the room airflow pattern. One interesting observation is that the temperature in the occupied zone is lower and a more stratified temperature field implies a more efficient heat removal by a stratified air supply device. The results revealed that the lowest temperature in the occupied zone was achieved for DSD, but with IJSD and WCJSD slightly warmer, while the system with a mixing supply device (MSD) showed a much higher temperature. The results confirm that air change effectiveness (ACE) for the DSD, WCJSD and IJSD is close to each other. However, MSD shows lower ACE in all the present papers than IJSD, WCJSD and DSD. Research question three showed that ventilation systems with stratified supply devices in almost all of the studied cases showed an acceptable level for predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD), predicted mean vote (PMV) and percentage dissatisfied due to draft (DR). If comparing ventilation systems, using IJSD, WCJSD or DSD with MSD always showed thermal comfort better or at the same level. Människor spenderar en stor del av sin tid inomhus, exempelvis i sina bostäder och bilar, på tåg och på arbetet. Sveriges energibehov i den byggda miljön har en växande trend. Byggnadssektorn står för 40 % av det totala energibehovet och för 15 % av CO2 utsläppet och för cirka en tredjedel av energianvändningen i världen för att tillhandahålla en hälsosam och bra inomhusmiljö. För att skapa en bra inomhusmiljö har nya sätt att ventilera inomhusmiljön utvecklats under de senaste årtiondena. De olika principer som används för att ventilera en byggnad kan indelas i: kolvströmning, omblandande strömning och deplacerande strömning. De genererar rumsförhållanden som ger olika fördelning av hastighet, temperatur och föroreningar i det ventilerade utrymmet. Stratifierad ventilation är ett koncept som ofta ger ett bra utfall av både inomhusluftkvalitet och termisk komfort. Stratifierade system är effektiva för att minska korskontaminering, eftersom det nästan inte finns någon omblandning i rummet, temperaturen och föroreningskoncentration ökar linjärt från värmekällan med höjden i vistelsezonen. Det finns många olika ventilationsdon som använder den stratifierade principen, såsom deplacerande ventilationsdon (DSD), impinging jet-ventilationsdon (IJSD) och väggbaserad confluent jet-ventilationsdon (WCJSD). Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att analysera och jämföra olika tilluftsdon baserat på stratifierad princip i olika rumskonfigurationer med avseende på termiskt inomhusklimat, energieffektivitet och ventilationseffektivitet. Det yttersta målet är att bidra till ökad förståelse för hur ventilationssystem med olika stratifierade tilluftsdon fungerar. Två vetenskapliga metoder har huvudsakligen använts i denna avhandling: experimentella och numeriska analyser. För numeriska analyser har CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) använts. De simuleringsprogram som utnyttjats för detta ändamål är ANSYS och FIDAP. Experimenten har utförts med hjälp av termoelement, varmtråds- och varmsfärsteknik, mätutrustning för termisk komfort och mätutrustning för spårgas. Denna avhandling fokuserar framför allt på tre forskningsfrågor: interaktion mellan ett tilluftsflöde från ett deplacerande don och kallraset från ett fönster; strömningsbilden, energiprestandan och luftbyteseffektiviteten för olika tilluftsdon baserat på stratifierad ventilation; och termisk komfort för olika tilluftsdon baserade på stratifierad ventilation. Forskningsfråga ett visade att kombinationen av tilluftsflöde genom ett deplacerande don och fönster i kallt klimat har tydlig effekt på strömningsbilden för kallraset under fönstret. Olika tilluftsflöden har en effekt på både hastigheten och temperaturen i kallraset. I detta fall minskade hastigheten med ca 9,5% och temperaturen i kallraset minskade med 0,5°C när flödeshastigheten från tilluftsdonet ökade från 10 till 15 l/s. Forskningsfråga två visade att luftflödesmönstren mellan olika luftförsörjningssystem väsentligen var relaterade till egenskaper hos tilluftsdonen, såsom typ, konfiguration och position samt lufttillförselhastigheter och impulskraft. För WCJSD, IJSD och DSD spelade värmekällans placering, d.v.s. människor, datorer, belysning och externa värmekällor, en viktig roll vid utformningen av rummets luftflödesmönster. En intressant observation är att temperaturen i vistelsezonen är lägre och rummet har ett mer stratifierat temperaturfält, vilket innebär en effektivare ventilering av den zonen. Resultaten visade att den lägsta temperaturen i vistelsezonen uppnåddes för DSD medan IJSD och WCJSD visade en något högre temperatur, systemet med ett omblandande don (MSD) visade en påtagligt högre temperatur. Resultaten bekräftar också att luftförändringseffektiviteten (ACE) för DSD, WCJSD och IJSD ligger nära varandra. MSD visar dock i alla ingående artiklar lägre ACE än IJSD, WCJSD och DSD. Forskningsfråga tre visade att ventilationssystem med stratifierade tilluftsdon i nästan samtliga studerade fallen haren acceptabel nivå för predicted mean vote (PPD), predicted mean vote (PMV) och percentage dissatisfied due to draft (DR). Om man jämförde ventilationssystem IJSD, WCJSD eller DSD med MSD visade det sig alltid att den termiska komforten var bättre eller på samma nivå som för MSD.

Author: H.B. Awbi
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134489625
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 537

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Book Description
Hazim Awbi's Ventilation of Buildings has become established as the definitive text on the subject. This new, thoroughly revised, edition builds on the basic principles of the original text drawing in the results of considerable new research in the field. A new chapter on natural ventilation is also added and recent developments in ventilation concepts and room air distribution are also considered. The text is intended for the practitioner in the building services industry, the architect, the postgraduate student undertaking courses or research in HVAC, building services engineering, or building environmental engineering, and the undergraduate studying building services as a major subject. Readers are assumed to be familiar with the basic principles of fluid flow and heat transfer and some of the material requires more advanced knowledge of partial differential equations which describe the turbulent flow and heat transfer processes of fluids. The book is both a presentation of the practical issues that are needed for modern ventilation system design and a survey of recent developments in the subject

Author: Mat Santamouris
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136570721
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 332

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Book Description
Ensuring optimum ventilation performance is a vital part of building design. Prepared by recognized experts from Europe and the US, and published in association with the International Energy Agency's Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC), this authoritative work provides organized, classified and evaluated information on advances in the key areas of building ventilation, relevant to all building types. Complexities in airflow behaviour, climatic influences, occupancy patterns and pollutant emission characteristics make selecting the most appropriate ventilation strategy especially difficult. Recognizing such complexities, the editors bring together expertise on each key issue. From components to computer tools, this book offers detailed coverage on design, analysis and performance, and is an important and comprehensive publication in this field. Building Ventilation will be an invaluable reference for professionals in the building services industry, architects, researchers (including postgraduate students) studying building service engineering and HVAC, and anyone with a role in energy-efficient building design.

Author: Claude-Alain Roulet
Publisher: Earthscan
ISBN: 1849773718
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 211

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Book Description
Energy efficiency in buildings requires, among other things, that ventilation be appropriately dimensioned: too much ventilation wastes energy, and insufficient ventilation leads to poor indoor air quality and low comfort.Studies have shown that ventilation systems seldom function according to their commissioned design. They have also shown that airflow measurement results are essential in improving a ventilation system. This key handbook explains why ventilation in buildings should be measured and describes how to measure it, giving applied examples for each measurement method.The book will help building physicists and ventilation engineers to properly commission ventilation systems and appropriately diagnose ventilation problems throughout the life of a building. Drawing on over 20 years of experience and the results of recent international research projects, this is the definitive guide to diagnosing airflow patterns within buildings.

Author: Howard D. Goodfellow
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780122896767
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 1602

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Book Description
The Industrial Ventilation Design Guidebook addresses the design of air technology systems for the control of contaminants in industrial workplaces such as factories and manufacturing plants. It covers the basic theories and science behind the technical solutions for industrial air technology and includes publication of new fundamental research and design equations contributed by more than 40 engineers and scientists from over 18 countries. Readers are presented with scientific research and data for improving the indoor air quality in the workplace and reducing emissions to the outside environment. The Guidebook represents, for the first time, a single source of all current scientific information available on the subject of industrial ventilation and the more general area of industrial air technology. New Russian data is included that fills several gaps in the scientific literature. * Presents technology for energy optimization and environmental benefits * A collaborated effort from more than 60 ventilation experts throughout 18 countries * Based on more than 50 million dollars of research and development focused on industrial ventilation * Includes significant scientific contributions from leading ventilation experts in Russia * Presents new innovations including a rigorous design methodology and target levels * Contains extensive sections on design with modeling techniques * Content is well organized and easily adaptable to computer applications

Author: Ruzhu Wang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662491195
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This handbook provides a comprehensive summary on the energy systems used in green buildings, with a particular focus on solar energy - the most common renewable energy source applied in this field. With the growing concern about environmental protections, the concepts of green building have been widely promoted and implemented in nowadays building designs and constructions. Among all, sustainable energy systems, including energy harvesting, conversion, and storage, is one of most important design factors in green buildings. Unlike traditional energy systems which highly rely on fossil fuel, green buildings utilize renewable energy source or high efficient energy systems, or both, to provide environmental friendly, low carbon waste energy. The most updated concepts, designs, technologies developed and implemented in heat pumps, cooling systems, power systems, and energy storage will be discussed here in details. This handbook is subdivided into 7-9 main sections to provide an in-depth discussion from foundational principles to practical techniques. In addition, different cases about green energy systems implemented in global will be discussed. The book will be structured easy-to-read, to make it more accessible to graduate students and professionals in diverse scientific and engineering communities, including applied physics, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, material engineering, and chemical engineering.

Author: Qingyan Chen
Publisher: American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
ISBN: 9781931862424
Category : Displacement ventilation
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This book presents system performance evaluation, and includes a 10-step design guideline for displacement ventilation systems for U.S. buildings. These design guidelines present two important models: 1) to calculate the temperature difference between the head and the foot level of an occupant; and 2) one to determine the ventilation effectiveness at the breathing level.The book notes that: A displacement ventilation system can provide a thermally comfortable indoor environment at a high cooling load through careful design. The indoor air quality in a space with displacement ventilation is better if the contaminant sources are associates with the heat sources. The displacement ventilation system can also save energy but requires a separate heating system if it is applied to building perimeter zones. 6 x 9, soft cover.