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Author: Edward J. Calabrese Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351359037 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 522
Book Description
Principles of Animal Extrapolation addresses the conceptual basis for animal extrapolation and provides an abundance of documentation that illustrates how these principles may be applied in the selection of the more appropriate models and in the interpretation of toxicological studies. The book analyzes and documents each specific biological cause of interspecies differences in susceptibility to toxic agents, including differences in absorption, gut flora, tissue distribution, metabolism, mechanisms and efficiencies of repair, and excretion. The problem of the heterogenicity of the human population is addressed through several chapters that assess the availability and prospects of developing predictive animal models for normal humans, as well as selected potential high-risk groups. Other topics presented in this book include the biological basis of regulatory actions involving attempts to extrapolate from exceptionally high exposure levels to realistic values, especially carcinogens; an assessment of genotoxicity tests, their ability to predict carcinogenicity in whole animals, and the manner in which they should be used by regulatory agencies; birth defects; and predicting the risk of human teratogenesis. Principle of Animal Extrapolation is essential for environmental toxicologists. It also provides valuable information to biomedical scientists (especially those involved in drug development and testing) and regulatory personnel in agencies such as the EPA, the OSHA, the NIOSH, and the FDA.
Author: Edward J. Calabrese Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351359037 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 522
Book Description
Principles of Animal Extrapolation addresses the conceptual basis for animal extrapolation and provides an abundance of documentation that illustrates how these principles may be applied in the selection of the more appropriate models and in the interpretation of toxicological studies. The book analyzes and documents each specific biological cause of interspecies differences in susceptibility to toxic agents, including differences in absorption, gut flora, tissue distribution, metabolism, mechanisms and efficiencies of repair, and excretion. The problem of the heterogenicity of the human population is addressed through several chapters that assess the availability and prospects of developing predictive animal models for normal humans, as well as selected potential high-risk groups. Other topics presented in this book include the biological basis of regulatory actions involving attempts to extrapolate from exceptionally high exposure levels to realistic values, especially carcinogens; an assessment of genotoxicity tests, their ability to predict carcinogenicity in whole animals, and the manner in which they should be used by regulatory agencies; birth defects; and predicting the risk of human teratogenesis. Principle of Animal Extrapolation is essential for environmental toxicologists. It also provides valuable information to biomedical scientists (especially those involved in drug development and testing) and regulatory personnel in agencies such as the EPA, the OSHA, the NIOSH, and the FDA.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309052289 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
Diseases of the kidney, bladder, and prostate exact an enormous human and economic toll on the population of the United States. This book examines prevention of these diseases through the development of reliable markers of susceptibility, exposure, and effect and the promise that new technologies in molecular biology and sophisticated understanding of metabolic pathways, along with classical approaches to the study of nephrotoxicants and carcinogens, can be developed and prevention of the diseases achieved. The specific recommendations included in this book complement those made in the previous three volumes on biomarkers, Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology (1989), Biologic Markers in Pulmonary Toxicology (1989), and Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology (1991).
Author: Fred Gifford Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444517871 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 601
Book Description
This volume covers a wide range of conceptual, epistemological and methodological issues in the philosophy of science raised by reflection upon medical science and practice. Several chapters examine such general meta-scientific concepts as discovery, reduction, theories and models, causal inference and scientific realism as they apply to medicine or medical science in particular. Some discuss important concepts specific to medicine (diagnosis, health, disease, brain death). A topic such as evidence, for instance, is examined at a variety of levels, from social mechanisms for guiding evidence-based reasoning such as evidence-based medicine, consensus conferences, and clinical trials, to the more abstract analysis of experimentation, inference and uncertainty. Some chapters reflect on particular domains of medicine, including psychiatry, public health, and nursing. The contributions span a broad range of detailed cases from the science and practice of medicine, as well as a broad range of intellectual approaches, from conceptual analysis to detailed examinations of particular scientific papers or historical episodes. Chapters view philosophy of medicine from quite different angles Considers substantive cases from both medical science and practice Chapters from a distinguished array of contributors
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309166411 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.
Author: Jann Hau Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420084585 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 469
Book Description
Biomedical research involving animals remains essential for the advancement of the medical, veterinary, agricultural, and biological sciences. Following in the footsteps of its predecessors, the Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Volume II, Third Edition: Animal Models explains in great detail the comparative considerations underlying the choic
Author: Jann Hau Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420040928 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
The conservative nature of animal evolution makes animal models the ideal tool for learning about human biology. The Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal Models, Volume II addresses the development and application of models in different areas of biomedical research and details the criteria used to choose animal species and
Author: Donna S. Kocurek Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0815518889 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 303
Book Description
This guide book provides references and resources for the complex field of hazardous waste and hazardous materials management. The book is divided into general topics such as air quality, industrial wastewater, pollution prevention, and risk assessment under hazardous waste management and chemical hazards, emergency planning, and hazard communication under hazardous materials management. Each individual section includes a list of annotated bibliographies of the most recent books by major publishers as well as established, standard references. Following the annotated titles, are additional references of books and documents by publishers, technical associations, and governmental agencies (primarily the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). In general, only references from 1986 onward are included since the technology and regulations affecting hazardous waste and materials are constantly evolving. Additional resources included in the book are video tapes for training and instruction, information services and databases, libraries, agency contacts, technical journals, and a list of publishers and ordering information. This book will be a useful reference to professionals in the environmental field who need an extensive, but concise source of technical information and contacts. The book will be a valuable addition to individual libraries and will fill a current reference void in university libraries, and technical libraries in industry and government. At present there are very few technical bibliographies in the field, and none has covered topics related to hazardous materials and hazardous waste as extensively as this book.
Author: RonaldM. Scott Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351464698 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 496
Book Description
Basic Concepts of Industrial Hygiene covers the latest and most important topics in industrial hygiene today. The textbook begins with a look at the history and basis for industrial hygiene, which provides students with a foundation for understanding later developments. The book contains an in-depth discussion of new OSHA regulations, such as HAZWOPER and Process Safety, which deal with high hazard situations. It also features a chapter on biological hazards of current concern in health care, including tuberculosis, AIDS, and hepatitis B.
Author: Edward J. Calabrese
Author: Edward J. Calabrese
Author: C. Ray Greek
Author: National Research Council
Author: Fred Gifford
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: Jann Hau
Author: Jann Hau
Author: Donna S. Kocurek
Author: RonaldM. Scott