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Author: Jeanine A. Elsworth Publisher: ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
In a fast-moving world, the necessity of making decisions, and preferably good ones, has become even more difficult. One reason is the variety and number of choices perhaps available which often are not presented or understood. Alternatives are often unclear and complex paths to them confusing and misleading. Thus the process of decision making itself requires analysis on an ongoing basis. Decision making is often made based on cultural factors whereas the best alternative might be quite different. The subject touches ethics aspects as well as psychological considerations. This book presents important research on the psychology of decision making related to education, behaviour and high risk situations.
Author: Jeanine A. Elsworth Publisher: ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
In a fast-moving world, the necessity of making decisions, and preferably good ones, has become even more difficult. One reason is the variety and number of choices perhaps available which often are not presented or understood. Alternatives are often unclear and complex paths to them confusing and misleading. Thus the process of decision making itself requires analysis on an ongoing basis. Decision making is often made based on cultural factors whereas the best alternative might be quite different. The subject touches ethics aspects as well as psychological considerations. This book presents important research on the psychology of decision making related to education, behaviour and high risk situations.
Author: Henry Markovits Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317931076 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Reflects very strongly many of the major changes that have arisen in the field of thinking and reasoning research over recent years World class contributors to the book focus on the latest ideas concerning developmental aspects of causal and counterfactual thinking Strongly represents the way in which developmental studies have informed an understanding of dual-process theories of reasoning
Author: Jong-Tsun Huang Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889455289 Category : Decision making Languages : en Pages : 275
Book Description
The world is full of uncertainty. In unpredictable circumstances, can emotions facilitate advantageous decision-making? A neuroscience team, led by Antonio Damasio, explored this question using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). To the present day, the findings of numerous IGT-related investigations strongly influence clinical and interdisciplinary research, for example, in neuroeconomics and neuromarketing. This special issue examines IGT-based research progress over the past 20 years through literature reviews, clinical examinations, model construction, theoretical integration, and brain imaging technology. Both supportive and opposing viewpoints are provided to frame correlations between rationality, emotion, decision-making, and IGT. Potential future directions for IGT studies are discussed
Author: Pierre Barrouillet Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135083959 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
Thinking and reasoning are key activities for human beings. In this book a distinguished set of contributors provides a wide readership with up-to-date scientific advances in the developmental psychology of thinking and reasoning, both at the theoretical and empirical levels. The first part of the book illustrates how modern approaches to the study of thinking and reasoning have gone beyond the Piagetian legacy: through the investigation of avenues previously not explored, and by demonstrating that young children have higher capacities than was assumed within the Piagetian tradition. The second part focuses upon theoretical and empirical investigations of the interplay between logic and intuition in reasoning and decision making, and how these forms of thinking evolve with age, through the general framework of what is known as dual-process theories. Contrary to Piaget’s claim, it becomes apparent that elaborate adult reasoning could rely on some form of intuition. The Development of Thinking and Reasoning provides psychologists, educators and everyone interested in child development with an integrated and up-to-date series of chapters, written by prominent specialists in the areas of thinking, reasoning, and decision making.
Author: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309064791 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Interest in the role that decision making plays in adolescents' involvement in high-risk behaviors led the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to request the Board on Children, Youth, and Families to convene a workshop on adolescent decision making. The Board on Children, Youth, and Families is a joint activity of the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine. A workshop was held on January 6-7, 1998, to examine what is known about adolescents' decision-making skills and the implications of that knowledge for programs to further their healthy development.
Author: Kuang-Hui Yeh Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319962329 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
This volume introduces Asian indigenous psychologies with an emphasis on major theoretical and practical issues. The contributions demonstrate the potential for the indigenous psychologies of Asia to offer an alternative model of the internationalization of psychology—an internationalization not dominated by Western psychology. As a whole, this volume explores knowledge production outside of Western psychology; asks important questions about the discipline, profession, and practice of Asian indigenous psychology; makes critical appraises of cultural and psychological assumptions; sheds light on the dialectics of the universal and the particular in indigenous psychology; and explores the possibilities for a more equitable global psychology.
Author: Belinda Pletzer Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889196895 Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology Languages : en Pages : 201
Book Description
This research topic aims to integrate scattered findings on sex differences in neuroscience into a broader theory of how the human brain is shaped by sex and sex hormones in order to cause the great variety of sex differences that are commonly observed. It can be assumed that these differences didn’t occur arbitrarily, but that they rather determined and still determine evolutionary success of individuals and were shaped by the processes of natural and in particular sexual selection. Therefore, sex differences are not negligible and sex difference research cannot be discriminating against one sex or the other. In fact a better understanding of the underlying causes of sex differences has great advantages for both men and women and society as a whole, not only in terms of health care, but in every aspect of life. Gender equality can only work out if it is equally well understood for men and women what their individual resources and needs are. Therefore, it is of great importance to pave the way for identifying the underlying principles of structural and functional brain organization that cause men and women to act, think and feel differently. To this end it is of particular interest to identify possible similarities and interrelations between sex differences that did so far stand separately, in order to investigate whether they share a common source. To understand, where a specific sex difference comes from and whether or not it is caused by the same principle as other sex differences, it is necessary to explicitly link sex differences in behavior to their neuronal correlates and vice versa link sex differences in brain structure and function to their behavioral outcomes. In particular a new understanding of male and female brain functioning may arise from findings on how sex hormones interact with various neurotransmitter systems. In the past few years several findings demonstrated that women’s behavior is influenced by the sex hormone fluctuations they experience naturally during their menstrual cycle to the extent that sex differences may only be detectable in one cycle phase but not another. The study of menstrual cycle dependent effects gives important hints about which sex differences are activational and which are organizational. Additionally it only recently came to attention, that hormonal contraception may alter a women’s mood, cognition and behavior as a consequence of changes in brain structure and function. The underlying mechanisms are so poorly understood that it is even hard to predict, whether hormonal contraception will mask or amplify sex differences in a given task. Since the oral hormonal contraceptive pill is meanwhile used by 100 million women worldwide and even by teenagers whose brains are not yet fully developed, the question of how the synthetic steroids contained in hormonal contraceptives act on the brain is to be studied hand in hand with naturally occurring sex differences. This topic summarizes the current state of the art in sex difference research and gives new perspectives in terms of hypothesis generation an methodology. Both are necessary to gain a complete picture of what it is that makes a brain male or female and move towards a neuroscience of sex differences.
Author: Tobias Kalenscher Publisher: Frontiers E-books ISBN: 288919096X Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
The experimental analysis of animal behavior has a rich tradition in psychology, behavioral ecology and many other scientific branches dedicated to the study of decision making. However, it has never enjoyed a similar popularity in economics. This has recently changed with the dawn of neuroeconomics – a discipline combining the analytic and experimental tools of psychology and economics with the technologies available in neuroscience to unravel the neurobiological mechanisms underlying economic behavior. Since many of the sophisticated neuroscientific techniques can only be used on animals, neuroeconomists have come up with a large and ever-growing repertoire of animal models to probe economic decision making. Besides the value of using animals as model systems to emulate human economic behavior, the discipline of animal economic decision making exists in its very own right: an abundance of animal species at various evolutionary stages show behavior that complies with many of the predictions of economic theory, whilst, at the same time demonstrating violations of optimal choice models that are reminiscent of similar anomalies found in human behavior. Hence, the analysis of animal choice does not only offer insights into the evolutionary origins of economic decision making, it also testifies that the analysis of animal behavior is a convenient, economical and sound way to test competing economic decision models in optimally controlled experimental environments, to probe their neural implementation and to yield common denominators in choice behavior. In short, economic theory provides more than just an alternative language to describe animal psychology: its combination with biology, psychology and neuroscience gives way to synergy effects that open up new venues for studying economic choice. In this special issue, we would like to gather the latest results from this cross-disciplinary topic, address the overlap and discrepancies in (the neurobiology of) economic decision making found between species and identify the challenges that lie ahead in translating results from species to species, and ultimately to humans. The exclusive focus on non-human animals makes this Research Topic unique and distinct from previous special issues which covered a broader range of matters and subjects in the neurobiological analysis of decision making.
Author: Mary Colten Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 135153386X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Adolescent Stress concentrates on a range of major problems—those of a normal developmental nature as well as those of poor adaptation—identified in adolescents.
Author: Harold V. Hall Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0849381738 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 994
Book Description
Greater Understanding, Better Evaluations Today's increasingly sophisticated psychological and neuropsychological assessments allow for greater understanding and evaluations in forensic psychology. By integrating discussions of modern psychological and neuropsychological tests with extant civil and criminal cases, this book presents a unique resource for insight into the impact of modern behavioral science on the legal system. Foundational, Criminal, and Civil Issues Divided into three parts, this timely compilation of articles from national and international experts begins with foundational issues such as the legal, ethical, and applied aspects of mitigation evaluations. It examines violence prediction and risk analysis, violence in the family, and the detection of malingering and deception in forensic evaluations. Part 2 looks at the psychological issues found in criminal forensic evaluation. This section discusses assessments of competence to stand trial, mitigatory defenses, and hostage negotiation, as well as the psychological impact of officer-involved shootings. The final part focuses on neuropsychological evaluation as it is relevant to civil cases including worker’s compensation, malingered pain and memory deficits, and parental assessment in child maltreatment cases. Template Case Studies Providing several full case studies in more than a dozen appendices, this book addresses both psychological and neuropsychological concepts in the context of the legal system and allows for a practical understanding and application of behavioral, legal, and ethical issues in civil and criminal cases.
Author: Jeanine A. Elsworth
Author: Jeanine A. Elsworth
Author: Henry Markovits
Author: Jong-Tsun Huang
Author: Pierre Barrouillet
Author: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Author: Kuang-Hui Yeh
Author: Belinda Pletzer
Author: Tobias Kalenscher
Author: Mary Colten
Author: Harold V. Hall