Author: Andreas Sedlatschek Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing ISBN: 9027248982 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
This is the first comprehensive description of Indian English and its emerging regional standard in a corpus-linguistic framework. Drawing on a wealth of authentic spoken and written data from India (including the Kolhapur Corpus and the International Corpus of English), this book explores the dynamics of variation and change in the vocabulary and grammar of contemporary Indian English.
Author: William Leap Publisher: University of Utah Press ISBN: 1607811987 Category : Foreign Language Study Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
American Indian English documents and examines the diversity of English in American Indian speech communities. It presents a convincing case for the fundamental influence of ancestral American Indian languages and cultures on spoken and written expression in different Indian English codes. A distillation of over twenty years' research, this pioneering work explores the linguistic and sociolinguistic characteristics of English language use among members of Navajo, Hopi, Mojave, Ute, Tsimshian, Kotzebue, Ponca, Pima, Lakota, Cheyenne, Laguna, Santa Ana, Isleta, Chilcotin, Seminole, Cherokee, and other American Indian tribes. American Indian English fills numerous gaps in existing studies of language histories, Indian student school experience, Indian-white contact, and "acculturation." Unlike contemporary studies on schooling, ethnicity, empowerment, and educational failure, American Indian English avoids postmodernist jargon and discourse strategies in favor of direct description and commentary. Data are derived from conditions of real-life experience faced by speakers of Indian English in various English-speaking settings. This practical focus enhances the book's accessibility to Indian educators and community-based teachers, as well as non-Indian academics.
Author: Raja Ram Mehrotra Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing ISBN: 9027275548 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
Indian English, or rather, the forms of English used in India, have long been a topic of interest for laymen and scholars. For generations, the ‘exotic’ nature of the transplanted language was commented on, often ridiculed as a matter of unintentional comic. It was only from the 1960s onwards that the local forms of English were recognized for what they are — adaptations of the world language to local needs, and varying to an enormous degree, depending on the speakers’ (and writers’) education and the uses they make of the language. This acknowledgement came mainly from abroad (and still does); Indians are much less willing to admit to the variation and its communicative functions in the country. Therefore, standard English (if possible in its classical British form) is generally favoured, together with formal written uses often based on the stylistic models provided by English literature from Shakespeare to Dickens. R.R. Mehrotra was one of the first to see the need for a proper sociolinguistic description of the Indian situation, and the forms and functions of English in this complex set-up. He has for a long time collected and analysed the huge range of English around him, with the aim of publishing a collection of texts that reflects the variation within the country along various dimensions, historical, regional, ethnic, social and stylistic. The present collection of texts is typical in many ways, evoking in the content, style and grammatical forms the contexts in which English functions; notes help to put the excerpts into the proper frame to make them intelligible to outsiders.
Author: Manik Joshi Publisher: Manik Joshi ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
This Book Covers The Following Topics: What are “Tenses”? AGREEMENT between SUBJECT and VERB TWENTY-FOUR Auxiliary Verbs REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS PRESENT TENSE Present Indefinite Tense Present Continuous/Progressive Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense PAST TENSE Past Indefinite Tense Past Continuous/Progressive Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense FUTURE TENSE Future Indefinite Tense Future Continuous/Progressive Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continuous/Progressive Tense Useful Notes Exercises Sample This: Tenses could be defined as “any of the form of a verb that may be used to show the time of the action or an event or state expressed by the verb”. THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF TENSES: The Past Tense – The form of a verb that usually expresses an action that happened in the past [Action happened before present] The Present Tense – The form of a verb that usually expresses an action that happens at this time [Action happens in present] The Future Tense – The form of a verb that usually expresses an action that will happen in future [Action will happen after present] EACH OF THESE THREE KINDS OF SENTENCES HAS FOUR TYPES OF FORMS: Indefinite or Simple Form Continuous or Progressive Form Perfect Form Perfect Continuous or Perfect Progressive Form EACH OF THESE FOUR TYPES OF FORMS HAS FOUR KINDS OF STATEMENTS: Affirmative Statement -- Used to Show ‘Agreement’ Negative Statement -- Used to Show ‘Disagreement’ Interrogative Statement -- Used to Ask ‘Question’ Interrogative-Negative Statement -- Used to Ask ‘Question’ and Show ‘Disagreement’ Present Indefinite Tense Expresses – Permanent situation [in the past, present and future] Example: Our family lives in Seattle. General truth (fact or statement) Example: Clean water is fundamental to public health. Example: Many barrages have no utility and cause floods. Habitual action [actions that occur regularly] Example: She listens to music every day. ‘Future meaning’ (timetable, planned event, etc.) Example: My shop closes at 9 pm. Example: The train arrives at 7:30 pm. Traditions, rituals, customs Example: Indians celebrate the festival of light in the month of Oct-Nov. Commands and Instructions [Imperative Sentences] [Note: In imperatives, subject ‘you’ remains hidden] Example: Condemn perpetrators of terrorism. Example: Promote values of humanity and tolerance. Example: Tell us about the exact nature of your work. Used in if-clause of present and future real conditional sentences Example: If I go there, I meet him. Example: If things don't work out, we won't be panicked. Headlines in news reporting [Use of simple present tense instead of the simple past tense is common in news headlines] Example: Flight skids on landing at the airport. Example: Thunderstorm brings relief to residents. (A). AFFIRMATIVE PATTERN – subject + first form of main verb + other words Singular Verb is used with the subject ‘He and She’ + All Singular Subjects. Plural Verb is used with the subject ‘I, We, You and They’ + All Plural Subjects. Examples: He/She talks. I/We/You/They talk. We seek opportunities to chart out our own course. The lean margin of victory or defeat gives an impression of a tough contest. Nowadays, voters value development over other issues. They want civic amenities and employment opportunities. (B). NEGATIVE PATTERN – subject + auxiliary verb ‘do/does’ + not + first form of main verb + other words Auxiliary Verb ‘Does’ is used with the subject ‘He and She’ + All Singular Subjects. Auxiliary Verb ‘Do’ is used with the subject ‘I, We, You and They’ + All Plural Subjects. Examples: He/She does not talk. I/We/You/They do not talk. Most buses do not cater to interior parts of the villages. He does not know what to say.
Author: ZINIA MITRA Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 8120345711 Category : Poetry Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
Indian poetry in English began with the imitation of English Romantic poets but gradually Indo-Anglian poets began to write on Indian themes based on Indian contexts and Indian social scenario. Indo-Anglian poetry has received world recognition and some of the poets are held in high esteem. This anthology containing 35 essays is an attempt to represent the gamut of Indian poetry in English, both pre-Independence and post-Independence, from diverse critical perspectives. The thirteen poets covered in this anthology include Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Toru Dutt, Rabindranath Tagore, Sarojini Naidu, Nissim Ezekiel, A.K. Ramanujan, and Kamala Das. The essays in the book offer innovative perspectives and touch upon different aspects of Indian poetry in English. The tone of the essays varies from personal to argumentative to objectively discursive. The book, with diverse and thought-provoking essays, will be highly useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students of English Literature. Besides, those who are interested to know about Indian Poetry in English will find the book quite illuminating and interesting.
Author: Caroline R. Wiltshire Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108913113 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 106
Book Description
The sounds of Indian English are distinct and recognizable to outsiders, while insiders perceive variations in how English has developed in this large diverse population. What characteristics mark the unity? Which are clues to a speaker's origins or identity? This Element synthesizes research over the past fifty years and adds to it, focusing on selected features of consonants, vowels, and suprasegmentals (stress, intonation, rhythm) to understand the characteristics of Indian English accents and sources of its uniformity and variability. These accent features, perceptible by humans and discoverable by computational approaches, may be used in expressing identity, both local and pan-Indian.
Author: Arihant Experts Publisher: Arihant Publications India limited ISBN: 932619146X Category : Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
1. Serves as a unique guide to English for Defence Exams 2. Divided into 2 major sections 3. Complete coverage of syllabus 4. Chapterwise notes for better understanding 5. 5 Practice Sets and 2000+ Objective Questions for rigorous practice 6. Highly useful for Air Force Group X & Y, Navy SSR, NMR, MR and Artificer Apprenticeship The newly introduced “Indian Air Force & Indian Navy General English” serves as a unique guide to English that has been designed as per the latest syllabus of Defence exams. Divided into 2 major sections- Grammar and Vocabulary, the book provides complete coverage of syllabus. It contains 28 chapters, supported with Chapterwise theory in notes form, given in bilingual format to ease up the understanding of the concepts. 5 Practice Sets along with more than 2000 Objective Questions have also been given for rigorous practice and self-evaluation of the preparation level for the exam. Being an English guide, this book proves to be highly for Air Force Group X & Y, Navy SSR, NMR, MR and Artificer Apprenticeship exams. TOC Grammar, Vocabulary, Practice Sets [1-5]
Author: Andreas Sedlatschek
Author: Rama Kant Agnihotri
Author: William Leap
Author: 
Author: Raja Ram Mehrotra
Author: Manik Joshi
Author: ZINIA MITRA
Author: Caroline R. Wiltshire
Author: Sumana Bandyopadhyay
Author: Arihant Experts