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Author: Scott Trafton Publisher: Duke University Press ISBN: 0822386313 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
Egypt Land is the first comprehensive analysis of the connections between constructions of race and representations of ancient Egypt in nineteenth-century America. Scott Trafton argues that the American mania for Egypt was directly related to anxieties over race and race-based slavery. He shows how the fascination with ancient Egypt among both black and white Americans was manifest in a range of often contradictory ways. Both groups likened the power of the United States to that of the ancient Egyptian empire, yet both also identified with ancient Egypt’s victims. As the land which represented the origins of races and nations, the power and folly of empires, despots holding people in bondage, and the exodus of the saved from the land of slavery, ancient Egypt was a uniquely useful trope for representing America’s own conflicts and anxious aspirations. Drawing on literary and cultural studies, art and architectural history, political history, religious history, and the histories of archaeology and ethnology, Trafton illuminates anxieties related to race in different manifestations of nineteenth-century American Egyptomania, including the development of American Egyptology, the rise of racialized science, the narrative and literary tradition of the imperialist adventure tale, the cultural politics of the architectural Egyptian Revival, and the dynamics of African American Ethiopianism. He demonstrates how debates over what the United States was and what it could become returned again and again to ancient Egypt. From visions of Cleopatra to the tales of Edgar Allan Poe, from the works of Pauline Hopkins to the construction of the Washington Monument, from the measuring of slaves’ skulls to the singing of slave spirituals—claims about and representations of ancient Egypt served as linchpins for discussions about nineteenth-century American racial and national identity.
Author: Scott Trafton Publisher: Duke University Press ISBN: 0822386313 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
Egypt Land is the first comprehensive analysis of the connections between constructions of race and representations of ancient Egypt in nineteenth-century America. Scott Trafton argues that the American mania for Egypt was directly related to anxieties over race and race-based slavery. He shows how the fascination with ancient Egypt among both black and white Americans was manifest in a range of often contradictory ways. Both groups likened the power of the United States to that of the ancient Egyptian empire, yet both also identified with ancient Egypt’s victims. As the land which represented the origins of races and nations, the power and folly of empires, despots holding people in bondage, and the exodus of the saved from the land of slavery, ancient Egypt was a uniquely useful trope for representing America’s own conflicts and anxious aspirations. Drawing on literary and cultural studies, art and architectural history, political history, religious history, and the histories of archaeology and ethnology, Trafton illuminates anxieties related to race in different manifestations of nineteenth-century American Egyptomania, including the development of American Egyptology, the rise of racialized science, the narrative and literary tradition of the imperialist adventure tale, the cultural politics of the architectural Egyptian Revival, and the dynamics of African American Ethiopianism. He demonstrates how debates over what the United States was and what it could become returned again and again to ancient Egypt. From visions of Cleopatra to the tales of Edgar Allan Poe, from the works of Pauline Hopkins to the construction of the Washington Monument, from the measuring of slaves’ skulls to the singing of slave spirituals—claims about and representations of ancient Egypt served as linchpins for discussions about nineteenth-century American racial and national identity.
Author: Cassandra Vivian Publisher: McFarland ISBN: 0786491167 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 283
Book Description
The voices of Americans have long been absent from studies of modern Egypt. Most scholars assume that Americans were either not in Egypt in significant numbers during the nineteenth century or had little of importance to say. This volume shows that neither was the case by introducing and relating the experiences and attitudes of 15 American personalities who worked, lived, or traveled in Egypt from the 1770s to the commencement of World War I. Often in their own words, explorers, consuls, tourists, soldiers, missionaries, artists, scientists, and scholars offer a rare American perspective on everyday Egyptian life and provide a new perspective on many historically significant events. The stories of these individuals and their sojourns not only recount the culture and history of Egypt but also convey the domination of the country by European powers and the support for Egypt by a young American nation.
Author: William J. Burns Publisher: State University of New York Press ISBN: 0791498069 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
Gamal Abdel Nasser's 1955 decision to barter Egyptian cotton for Soviet bloc weaponry thrust Egypt onto center stage in the Cold War in the Middle East. What Egypt needed most, and what the United States was uniquely equipped to provide, was economic aid. For the Egyptian government--eager to take rapid strides toward economic development but crippled by a burgeoning population, a paucity of arable land, and a meager reserve of foreign exchange--American economic aid promised to serve as an enormously important crutch. For American policymakers, economic assistance appeared to be an ideal means of developing American influence in Egypt. Few aid relationships in the last three decades can match the drama and significance of the U.S.-Egyptian experience. This study shows how the American government attempted to use its economic aid program to induce or coerce Egypt to support U.S. interests in the Middle East in the quarter century following the 1955 Czech-Egyptian arms agreement. William J. Burns has analyzed recently released government documents and interviews with former policymakers to throw light on the use of aid as a tool of American policy toward the Nasser regime. He also offers valuable observations on the role of the American economic assistance program in the Sadat era.
Author: Peter L. Hahn Publisher: UNC Press Books ISBN: 9780807856093 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
"Egypt figured prominently in U.S. policy in the Middle East after World War II because of its strategic, political, and economic importance. Hahn explores the triangular relationship between the U.S., Great Britain, and Egypt in order to analyze American policy both in the region and within the context of a broader Cold War strategy."--"Book News, Inc."
Author: Heather Jane Sharkey Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 9780691122618 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
In 1854, American Presbyterian missionaries arrived in Egypt as part of a larger Anglo-American Protestant movement aiming for worldwide evangelization. Protected by British imperial power, and later by mounting American global influence, their enterprise flourished during the next century. American Evangelicals in Egypt follows the ongoing and often unexpected transformations initiated by missionary activities between the mid-nineteenth century and 1967--when the Six-Day Arab-Israeli War uprooted the Americans in Egypt. Heather Sharkey uses Arabic and English sources to shed light on the many facets of missionary encounters with Egyptians. These occurred through institutions, such as schools and hospitals, and through literacy programs and rural development projects that anticipated later efforts of NGOs. To Egyptian Muslims and Coptic Christians, missionaries presented new models for civic participation and for women's roles in collective worship and community life. At the same time, missionary efforts to convert Muslims and reform Copts stimulated new forms of Egyptian social activism and prompted nationalists to enact laws restricting missionary activities. Faced by Islamic strictures and customs regarding apostasy and conversion, and by expectations regarding the proper structure of Christian-Muslim relations, missionaries in Egypt set off debates about religious liberty that reverberate even today. Ultimately, the missionary experience in Egypt led to reconsiderations of mission policy and evangelism in ways that had long-term repercussions for the culture of American Protestantism.
Author: Cheri Berens Publisher: ISBN: 9780692121498 Category : Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
Cheri Berens had been conducting field research throughout Egypt and had settled into married life with her Egyptian husband when the Arab Spring began. Quickly recognizing that western media was concealing the truth, Cheri began documenting the events that were taking place. Never-ending violent protests caused chaos to distract the public while the Muslim Brotherhood censored and arrested members of the media, disabled the Supreme Court, removed judges, and began changing the constitution. Police were demonized in order to remove them, and once removed, police were replaced with members of Islamist militias. The national anthem and saluting the flag were banned. Egyptian history was removed from textbooks and replaced with Islamic History. Only an Islamic identity was acceptable to the Muslim Brotherhood. Through personal experiences, Cheri unfolds a fascinating story of a foreign culture and illustrates how Egypt's culture was being systematically removed and replaced with Islam. Though the final process was implemented in a matter of months, the foundation of takeover had been long laid. The Muslim Brotherhood had placed activists inside universities and the Islamification began by altering the minds of Egypt's youth. Giving historical insights to better understand what took place, Cheri exposes the Arab Spring for what it was--including U.S. involvement. Within weeks after Barack Obama was elected president, the State Department held an Alliance of Youth Movements Summit. Muslim Brotherhood Youth attended this Summit and were trained to implement a false flag event to be used as a pretense for removing the government. Also at this Summit were representatives from CNN, MSNBC and other mainstream media, as well as Facebook and Google. Fake news and social media propaganda assisted the implementation of the Islamic takeover. Jam-packed with explosive information about U.S. involvement, Cheri fully demonstrates why there is a similar crisis lurking subversively inside America and exposes Islam for the devious system of takeover that it is.
Author: Nicholas S. Hopkins Publisher: American Univ in Cairo Press ISBN: 9789774248641 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Upper Egypt (the Sa'id) is often portrayed as a source of disruption and unpredictability in the broader Egyptian system. This book corrects that image by laying out the order in the meaningful life of Upper Egyptians.
Author: Steven A. Cook Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019992080X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
The recent revolution in Egypt has shaken the Arab world to its roots. The most populous Arab country and the historical center of Arab intellectual life, Egypt is a linchpin of the US's Middle East strategy, receiving more aid than any nation except Israel. This is not the first time that the world and has turned its gaze to Egypt, however. A half century ago, Egypt under Nasser became the putative leader of the Arab world and a beacon for all developing nations. Yet in the decades prior to the 2011 revolution, it was ruled over by a sclerotic regime plagued by nepotism and corruption. During that time, its economy declined into near shambles, a severely overpopulated Cairo fell into disrepair, and it produced scores of violent Islamic extremists such as Ayman al-Zawahiri and Mohammed Atta. In The Struggle for Egypt, Steven Cook--a Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations--explains how this parlous state of affairs came to be, why the revolution occurred, and where Egypt might be headed next. A sweeping account of Egypt in the modern era, it incisively chronicles all of the nation's central historical episodes: the decline of British rule, the rise of Nasser and his quest to become a pan-Arab leader, Egypt's decision to make peace with Israel and ally with the United States, the assassination of Sadat, the emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood, and--finally--the demonstrations that convulsed Tahrir Square and overthrew an entrenched regime. Throughout Egypt's history, there has been an intense debate to define what Egypt is, what it stands for, and its relation to the world. Egyptians now have an opportunity to finally answer these questions. Doing so in a way that appeals to the vast majority of Egyptians, Cook notes, will be difficult but ultimately necessary if Egypt is to become an economically dynamic and politically vibrant society.
Author: Scott Trafton
Author: Scott Trafton
Author: Cassandra Vivian
Author: Channing Arnold
Author: William J. Burns
Author: Peter L. Hahn
Author: Heather Jane Sharkey
Author: George William Curtis
Author: Cheri Berens
Author: Nicholas S. Hopkins
Author: Steven A. Cook