Author: United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of IntelligencePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automation
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Use of Computers in Soviet Management
Author: United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of IntelligencePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automation
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
How Not to Network a Nation
Author: Benjamin PetersPublisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262034182
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
How, despite thirty years of effort, Soviet attempts to build a national computer network were undone by socialists who seemed to behave like capitalists. Between 1959 and 1989, Soviet scientists and officials made numerous attempts to network their nation—to construct a nationwide computer network. None of these attempts succeeded, and the enterprise had been abandoned by the time the Soviet Union fell apart. Meanwhile, ARPANET, the American precursor to the Internet, went online in 1969. Why did the Soviet network, with top-level scientists and patriotic incentives, fail while the American network succeeded? In How Not to Network a Nation, Benjamin Peters reverses the usual cold war dualities and argues that the American ARPANET took shape thanks to well-managed state subsidies and collaborative research environments and the Soviet network projects stumbled because of unregulated competition among self-interested institutions, bureaucrats, and others. The capitalists behaved like socialists while the socialists behaved like capitalists. After examining the midcentury rise of cybernetics, the science of self-governing systems, and the emergence in the Soviet Union of economic cybernetics, Peters complicates this uneasy role reversal while chronicling the various Soviet attempts to build a “unified information network.” Drawing on previously unknown archival and historical materials, he focuses on the final, and most ambitious of these projects, the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS), and its principal promoter, Viktor M. Glushkov. Peters describes the rise and fall of OGAS—its theoretical and practical reach, its vision of a national economy managed by network, the bureaucratic obstacles it encountered, and the institutional stalemate that killed it. Finally, he considers the implications of the Soviet experience for today's networked world.
Computers and Economic Planning
Author: Martin CavePublisher: CUP Archive
ISBN: 9780521226172
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
Advances in Computers
Author: Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780080566504
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 301
Book Description
Advances in Computers
The Absorption of Computerized Management Information Systems in Soviet Enterprises
Author: William Keith McHenryPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 822
Book Description
From Newspeak to Cyberspeak
Author: Slava GerovitchPublisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262572255
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 386
Book Description
In this book, Slava Gerovitch argues that Soviet cybernetics was not just an intellectual trend but a social movement for radical reform in science and society as a whole. Followers of cybernetics viewed computer simulation as a universal method of problem solving and the language of cybernetics as a language of objectivity and truth. With this new objectivity, they challenged the existing order of things in economics and politics as well as in science. The history of Soviet cybernetics followed a curious arc. In the 1950s it was labeled a reactionary pseudoscience and a weapon of imperialist ideology. With the arrival of Khrushchev's political "thaw," however, it was seen as an innocent victim of political oppression, and it evolved into a movement for radical reform of the Stalinist system of science. In the early 1960s it was hailed as "science in the service of communism," but by the end of the decade it had turned into a shallow fashionable trend. Using extensive new archival materials, Gerovitch argues that these fluctuating attitudes reflected profound changes in scientific language and research methodology across disciplines, in power relations within the scientific community, and in the political role of scientists and engineers in Soviet society. His detailed analysis of scientific discourse shows how the Newspeak of the late Stalinist period and the Cyberspeak that challenged it eventually blended into "CyberNewspeak."
Enterprise-level Computing in the Soviet Economy
Author: USSR Scientific Abstracts: Cybernetics, Computers and Automation Technology
Author: Industrial Computer-Based Real-Time Control Systems in the Soviet Union
Author: Vily KhazatskyPublisher:
ISBN: 9781558310216
Category : Automatic control
Languages : en
Pages : 103
Book Description
Perspectives on Soviet and Russian Computing
Author: John ImpagliazzoPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 364222816X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
This book contains a collection of thoroughly refereed papers derived from the First IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on Soviet and Russian Computing, held in Petrozavodsk, Russia, in July 2006. The 32 revised papers were carefully selected from numerous submissions; many of them were translated from Russian. They reflect much of the shining history of computing activities within the former Soviet Union from its origins in the 1950s with the first computers used for military decision-making problems up to the modern period where Russian ICT grew substantially, especially in the field of custom-made programming.