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Author: H.v. Boehmer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642685862 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
For more than ten years cell fusion techniques have been applied in studies on various lymphocyte functions. Ig expression was first studied in hybrids obtained by fusing myeloma cells with fibroblasts (1) or lymphomas (2), both of which do not produce Ig, and with Ig producing myelomas (3) or human blood lymphocytes (4). Kohler and Milstein (5) fused a myeloma with spleen cells from immunized mice. Up to 10% of the hybrids obtained secreted antibodies specific for the immunizing antigen. This suggested that plasma cells preferenti ally fused with the myeloma cells, a finding which was of enormous practical value. It was found that both Band T lymphocytes could be fused with the T cell tumor BW5147, which is however not permissive for Ig synthesis (6). A very large number of T cell hybridomas were generated by fusing BW5147 with cell populations containing in vivo or in vitro activated cells (7). The hybrids showed no specific T cell functions and binding assays for T cell receptors were not available. In particular, no hybrids were obtained which expreS1ed specific cytolytic activity that could be tested in short-term Cr release assays (8). However, the frustrations expressed about these failures, published in January, 1978 (9), were relieved by Taniguchi and Miller's publication a few months later of T cell hybridomas producing antigen-specific suppressor factors (10). Unfortunately, their hybrids rapidly lost factor production.
Author: H.v. Boehmer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642685862 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
For more than ten years cell fusion techniques have been applied in studies on various lymphocyte functions. Ig expression was first studied in hybrids obtained by fusing myeloma cells with fibroblasts (1) or lymphomas (2), both of which do not produce Ig, and with Ig producing myelomas (3) or human blood lymphocytes (4). Kohler and Milstein (5) fused a myeloma with spleen cells from immunized mice. Up to 10% of the hybrids obtained secreted antibodies specific for the immunizing antigen. This suggested that plasma cells preferenti ally fused with the myeloma cells, a finding which was of enormous practical value. It was found that both Band T lymphocytes could be fused with the T cell tumor BW5147, which is however not permissive for Ig synthesis (6). A very large number of T cell hybridomas were generated by fusing BW5147 with cell populations containing in vivo or in vitro activated cells (7). The hybrids showed no specific T cell functions and binding assays for T cell receptors were not available. In particular, no hybrids were obtained which expreS1ed specific cytolytic activity that could be tested in short-term Cr release assays (8). However, the frustrations expressed about these failures, published in January, 1978 (9), were relieved by Taniguchi and Miller's publication a few months later of T cell hybridomas producing antigen-specific suppressor factors (10). Unfortunately, their hybrids rapidly lost factor production.
Author: David H Katz Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 100001276X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
First Published in 1982, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide into the applications of Monoclonal Antibodies. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Students of Medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Author: Edgar Engleman Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468449494 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 528
Book Description
Soon after Kohler and Milstein described the use of somatic cell hybridization for the production of murine monoclonal antibodies of desired specificity, this relatively simple technique became widely applied. Indeed, production of murine monoclonal antibodies is now considered routine by immunologists and nonimmunologists alike. However, as heterologous proteins, mouse monoclonal antibodies have one major limitation: they are immunogenic in man and, hence, their use in vivo is severely limited. An obvious solution to this problem is to produce human hybridomas with the same techniques used for the production of rodent hybrids. Unfortunately, the history of human hybridomas has been marked by substantive and often exasperating tech nical problems, and the first reports of hybrids secreting human immu noglobulin of desired specificity did not appear until 1980. These reports were met with initial enthusiasm, but it soon became apparent that while human lymphocytes might be fused, their frequency, level of Ig synthesis, and stability were such that production of human antibodies with this method was neither routine nor practical. Nonetheless, a sufficient number of investiga tors persevered, and during the next 5 years relatively efficient B-cell fusion partners as well as improved methods of Epstein-Barr virus transformation were developed. Generation of human T -T hybrids has also been achieved, although problems of chromosomal stability remain a substantial obstacle, more so than with B-cell lines.
Author: Roger H. Kennett Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461575052 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 423
Book Description
On August 7, 1975, Kohler and Milstein published in Nature (256:495) a report describing "Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. " Their report has become a classic and has already had a profound effect on basic and applied research in biology and medicine. By the time the first Workshop on Lymphocyte Hybridomas (Current Topics in Microbiology and Im munology 81, 1978) was held on April 3-5, 1978, in Bethesda, Maryland, investi gators from many laboratories had made hybrids between plasmacytomas and spleen cells from immunized animals and had obtained monoclonal antibodies reacting with a broad variety of antigenic determinants. At the time Kohler and Milstein introduced this new technology, the editors of this volume were involved in the production of antisera against differentiation antigens (K. B. B. ), histocompatibility antigens (T. ]. McK. ), and human tumor associated antigens (R. H. K. ). Because of the potential usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in these areas, we each began production of hybridomas and analysis of the resulting monoclonal reagents. One of the most interesting aspects of participation in the early stages of the development and application of hybrid oma technology has been observing how the implications of the initial observa tions gradually spread first among the practitioners of immunology and immu nogenetics, and then to other areas of the biological sciences, such as developmental biology, biochemistry, human genetics, and cell and tumor biology.
Author: Baldwin H. Tom Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461593522 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
The ability to "immortalize" immunologically-useful cells by hybridization with a unique cancer cell has revolutionized serological studies and has revealed new potential applications in all fields of biological sciences. This volume presents the studies from a highly successful national symposium on Hybridomas and Cellular Immortality held November 1981 in Houston, Texas. The individual chapters exhibit the diversity of topics discussed during the meeting. These include emphasis on the origin of antibody diversity, Band T lymphocyte differentiation, applications of monoclonal antibodies in studies of histocompatibility, tumor, and viral antigens, plus the use of somatic cell hybridizations for studying T cell products. Three papers focus on the emerging methodologies of in vitro primary immunizations for both humoral and cell-mediated immunities, relevant for coupling with hybridoma technology. There is a useful mix of general (methods) and specific (applications) chapters. A unique aspect of the book is the presentation of both recent research findings with concise descriptions of the state of the art methodologies. It is anticipated that this work will be of interest to a wide audience of practioners in biomedical research. Hopefully, the information contained will foster new and imagi native ideas in hybridoma applications. Baldwin H. Tom, Ph.D. James P. Allison, Ph.D. vii CONTENTS PART L INTRODUCTION TO HYBRIDOMAS 1 Somatic Cell Hybrids and Hybridomas Baldwin H. Tom 3 1. Somatic Cell Hybrids 8 Hybridomas. • • • • • 2.
Author: Arie H. Bartal Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461248264 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 495
Book Description
Laymen often consider modern laboratory research to be based on an endless array of sophisticated technologies whose complex capabilities are as important to the outcome of any project as the inventiveness and creativity of the scientists who employ them. Scientists at times may share this point of view until they are con fronted by unexpected findings that demand new approaches, and they discover that yesterday's "sophisticated tools" are today's "blunt instruments." This experience provides a more sobering view of the current state of our scientific methods. It also serves as an impetus for the further development of technology that prepares us for the next stage of advance. Immunologists were confronted by such a technological crises in the late 1970s when they finally were forced to admit that poly clonal antibodies, although quite sensitive reagents, were not spe cific enough to answer many of the questions then confronting virologists and tumor biologists. The answer to the need for specific ity came with the development of monoclonal antibody technology. In the last ten years there have been considerable advances in monoclonal antibody techniques. Today these reagents are much more versatile than they were initially and can be applied to a broad range of problems. Still, most workers who are using these anti bodies are convinced that their potential is far from exhausted, and that at least in some fields we are currently in the early stages of learning how to use them properly.
Author: H.v. Boehmer
Author: H.v. Boehmer
Author: Günter J. Hämmerling
Author: Michael J. Taussig
Author: Timothy Springer
Author: David H Katz
Author: Edgar Engleman
Author: 
Author: Roger H. Kennett
Author: Baldwin H. Tom
Author: Arie H. Bartal