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Author: Rajala, T., Heikkinen, J., Gogo, S., Ahimbisibwe, J., Bakanga, G., Chamuya, N., Garcia Perez, J., Kilawe, E., Kiluvia, S., Morales, D., Nzunda, E., Otieno, J., Sawaya, J., Vesa, L., Zahabu, E., Henry, M. Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251364354 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
Three options for the sampling design of the field plot clusters of NAFORMA II biophysical survey are compared in this report. Option 1 consists of re-measuring all NAFORMA I field sample plots (3 205 clusters) and Option 2 of re-measuring only those that were established as permanent (848 clusters). The recommended Option 3 is a compromise between these two “extreme” options: Re-measure a subset (1 405 clusters) of NAFORMA I field sample plots including (almost) all permanent clusters and a carefully selected set of other NAFORMA I field plot clusters to obtain a uniform sample within each TFS zone. Design Option 3 has the following features: •Sampling intensity is uniform within each TFS zone. This makes it simple to use the data. For example, mean volumes can be estimated by averages over the plots. •The selected clusters are well-spread over the target population. •The anticipated precision of land-class area and mean wood volume relative to sample size is nearly as good as that of NAFORMA I. •All proposed clusters were measured in NAFORMA I, which enables precise estimation of change based on repeated measurements. The costs and precision were anticipated by utilizing NAFORMA I field data, information about subsequent improvements in the road network, and changes in land-use using satellite imaging derived land-class maps.
Author: Rajala, T., Heikkinen, J., Gogo, S., Ahimbisibwe, J., Bakanga, G., Chamuya, N., Garcia Perez, J., Kilawe, E., Kiluvia, S., Morales, D., Nzunda, E., Otieno, J., Sawaya, J., Vesa, L., Zahabu, E., Henry, M. Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251364354 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
Three options for the sampling design of the field plot clusters of NAFORMA II biophysical survey are compared in this report. Option 1 consists of re-measuring all NAFORMA I field sample plots (3 205 clusters) and Option 2 of re-measuring only those that were established as permanent (848 clusters). The recommended Option 3 is a compromise between these two “extreme” options: Re-measure a subset (1 405 clusters) of NAFORMA I field sample plots including (almost) all permanent clusters and a carefully selected set of other NAFORMA I field plot clusters to obtain a uniform sample within each TFS zone. Design Option 3 has the following features: •Sampling intensity is uniform within each TFS zone. This makes it simple to use the data. For example, mean volumes can be estimated by averages over the plots. •The selected clusters are well-spread over the target population. •The anticipated precision of land-class area and mean wood volume relative to sample size is nearly as good as that of NAFORMA I. •All proposed clusters were measured in NAFORMA I, which enables precise estimation of change based on repeated measurements. The costs and precision were anticipated by utilizing NAFORMA I field data, information about subsequent improvements in the road network, and changes in land-use using satellite imaging derived land-class maps.
Author: Kijazi, M. Publisher: CIFOR ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 83
Book Description
Who makes land-use decisions, how are those decisions made, and who influences whom, how and why? This working paper is part of a series based on research studying multilevel decision-making institutions and processes. The series is aimed at providing insight into why efforts to keep forests standing, such as initiatives like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), are still so far from altering development trajectories. It underlines the importance of understanding the politics of multilevel governance in forest, land and climate policy and practice, and identifies potential ways forward, while highlighting the role of conservation and sustainable management of forests for the enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251307423 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
This report presents a cost–benefit analysis of three forestry interventions aimed at producing a sustainable supply of woodfuel and reducing land degradation and deforestation in the vicinity of three refugee camps (Mtendeli, Nduta and Nyarugusu) in the Kigoma region, United Republic of Tanzania. The proposed forestry interventions are: forest rehabilitation; wood-energy plantations; and agroforestry.
Author: Demetrius Kweka Publisher: CIFOR ISBN: 6023870147 Category : Electronic book Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
This country profile for Tanzania provides an overview on the socioeconomic and political context within which REDD+ policies and processes emerge. It explores the Tanzanian REDD+ policy processes and strategies at the national level, identifying barriers, limits and opportunities in national REDD+ arenas to inform future REDD+ design by providing research-based options for achieving efficient, effective and equitable REDD+ (i.e. the 3Es of REDD+). Both direct and indirect drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are at work, including forest conversion to small-scale agriculture, timber extraction driven by demand from national and international markets, fuelwood and charcoal, and population growth. The prospects for REDD+ rest on improving a number of issues: tenure arrangements, forest governance, reliability of long-term funding, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and technical, human and financial capacity. We recommend the continuation of support towards decentralized sustainable forest management and utilization of the participatory forest management model as an entry point for REDD+ initiatives. Participatory land-use planning practices coupled with improved spatial planning and strengthening mechanisms against illegal activities entrenched in driving forest degradation are needed. In addition, for REDD+ to succeed it will need to challenge and overcome the powerful actors invested in and driving the business-as-usual model.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251333939 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) of the World Bank has been supporting the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) to develop its REDD+ readiness mechanism and part of the funds were allocated to undertake a “low intensity” forest carbon inventory in Nigeria within the Technical Assistance (TA) Agreement (UTF/NIR/066/NIR) which was signed between the Government and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). An inventory design was developed, including a field operations manual, and field training was carried out to build the capacity of technical forestry staff on field data collection, database development, and data analysis. The sampling design used was a stratified random cluster sampling, using the main ecological zones as strata. The sampling unit was a cluster composed of three square nested plots of 35 m x 35 m; placed in an L-shape arrangement at 100 m apart.
Author: Francisco Javier García-Haro Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039212397 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Monitoring of vegetation structure and functioning is critical to modeling terrestrial ecosystems and energy cycles. In particular, leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural property of vegetation used in many land surface vegetation, climate, and crop production models. Canopy structure (LAI, fCover, plant height, and biomass) and biochemical parameters (leaf pigmentation and water content) directly influence the radiative transfer process of sunlight in vegetation, determining the amount of radiation measured by passive sensors in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical remote sensing (RS) methods build relationships exploiting in situ measurements and/or as outputs of physical canopy radiative transfer models. The increased availability of passive (radar and LiDAR) RS data has fostered their use in many applications for the analysis of land surface properties and processes, thanks also to their insensitivity to weather conditions and the capability to exploit rich structural and textural information. Data fusion and multi-sensor integration techniques are pressing topics to fully exploit the information conveyed by both optical and microwave bands.
Author: Rattan Lal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319412388 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 717
Book Description
This 35-chapter book is based on several oral and poster presentations including both invited and contributory chapters. The book is thematically based on four pillars of sustainability, with focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Environment, Economic, Social and Institutional. The environmental sustainability, which determines economic and social/institutional sustainability, refers to the rate of use of natural resources (soil, water, landscape, vegetation) which can be continued indefinitely without degrading their quality, productivity and ecosystem services for different ecoregions of SSA. This book will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of the U.N. in SSA. Therefore, the book is of interest to agriculturalists, economists, social scientists, policy makers, extension agents, and development/bilateral organizations. Basic principles explained in the book can be pertinent to all development organizations.
Author: Lorena Hojas-Gascon Publisher: CIFOR ISBN: Category : Electronic book Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
In this Infobrief, we outline the rules and choices to be addressed by participatory countries in REDD+ activities, and show some technical problems they can face, and some options they can adopt.
Author: Mark Purdon Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0197756859 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
There is ample evidence that engaging developing countries on climate change mitigation would have significant, positive impacts on global climate efforts. There is much debate, however, on the most effective strategy for unlocking these low-cost mitigation opportunities. While the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) emerged as the main climate finance instrument for engaging developing countries under the Kyoto Protocol, the carbon market approach it embodied would largely be replaced by a new array of climate finance instruments based on climate funds. In The Political Economy of Climate Finance Effectiveness in Developing Countries, Mark Purdon shows that the effectiveness of climate finance instruments to reduce emissions under either strategy has depended on the interaction between prevailing ideas about how to develop a nation's economy, as well as state interests in various economic sectors. Based on multiple field visits over a decade in three countries, the author demonstrates that climate finance instruments have been more effectively implemented when the state treats them as vehicles for addressing priority development issues. Climate finance instruments were more consistently and effectively implemented in Uganda and Moldova than Tanzania, despite differences in state capacity between countries. This pattern held for the CDM, as well as subsequent instruments largely based on climate funds, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) and other national mitigation actions. Contributing to broader debates on international climate cooperation, Purdon's findings inform international efforts to support national climate plans and catalyze low-carbon development by emphasizing the importance of domestic politics and the state.
Author: Melissa Leach Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317579984 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Amidst the pressing challenges of global climate change, the last decade has seen a wave of forest carbon projects across the world, designed to conserve and enhance forest carbon stocks in order to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and offset emissions elsewhere. Exploring a set of new empirical case studies, Carbon Conflicts and Forest Landscapes in Africa examines how these projects are unfolding, their effects, and who is gaining and losing. Situating forest carbon approaches as part of more general moves to address environmental problems by attaching market values to nature and ecosystems, it examines how new projects interact with forest landscapes and their longer histories of intervention. The book asks: what difference does carbon make? What political and ecological dynamics are unleashed by these new commodified, marketized approaches, and how are local forest users experiencing and responding to them? The book’s case studies cover a wide range of African ecologies, project types and national political-economic contexts. By examining these cases in a comparative framework and within an understanding of the national, regional and global institutional arrangements shaping forest carbon commoditisation, the book provides a rich and compelling account of how and why carbon conflicts are emerging, and how they might be avoided in future. This book will be of interest to students of development studies, environmental sciences, geography, economics, development studies and anthropology, as well as practitioners and policy makers.
Author: Rajala, T., Heikkinen, J., Gogo, S., Ahimbisibwe, J., Bakanga, G., Chamuya, N., Garcia Perez, J., Kilawe, E., Kiluvia, S., Morales, D., Nzunda, E., Otieno, J., Sawaya, J., Vesa, L., Zahabu, E., Henry, M.
Author: Rajala, T., Heikkinen, J., Gogo, S., Ahimbisibwe, J., Bakanga, G., Chamuya, N., Garcia Perez, J., Kilawe, E., Kiluvia, S., Morales, D., Nzunda, E., Otieno, J., Sawaya, J., Vesa, L., Zahabu, E., Henry, M.
Author: Kijazi, M.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Demetrius Kweka
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 
Author: Francisco Javier García-Haro
Author: Rattan Lal
Author: Lorena Hojas-Gascon
Author: Mark Purdon
Author: Melissa Leach