Some Drinking-water Disinfectants and Contaminants, Including Arsenic PDF Download

Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: IARC
ISBN: 9789283212843
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 540

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Book Description
A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.

Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9789283212522
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 556

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Book Description
Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the consumption of chlorinated drinking-water by two chemicals used in the chlorination of drinking-water by a number of halogenated by-products formed when chlorine interacts with organic matter in water and by a selection of other halogenated compounds found in drinking-water. Chlorination was selected for evaluation because of its widespread use and because potentially carcinogenic by-products have been measured in chlorinated water. The book also includes a separate monograph on cobalt and cobalt compounds. The volume opens with a discussion of the many methodological problems that complicate efforts to assess the carcinogenicity of chlorinated water. Against this background the book evaluates the design and findings of all studies relevant to the carcinogenicity assessment of chlorinated drinking-water two chemicals (sodium chlorite and hypochlorite salts) used in the chlorination of water eight of the by-products most frequently measured in drinking-water and three additional halogenated chemicals detected in drinking-water. Because of the formidable methodological obstacles faced by all investigations only one of these substances could be classified: bromodichloromethane was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph considers data on metallic cobalt, cobalt alloys including cobalt-containing surgical implants and dental devices and cobalt compounds. In view of the strength of evidence linking cobalt metal powder and cobalt[II] oxide to cancer in experimental animals cobalt and cobalt compounds were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Author: M.N.V. Prasad
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0081029780
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 492

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Book Description
Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources

Author: Damia Barcelo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 364228132X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 466

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Book Description
This volume provides an overview of the occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants, discusses advanced chemical analysis methods, toxicological and ecotoxicological effects as well as human exposure. One focus is on pharmaceuticals, in particular antibiotics, and the problems associated with their increased use in hospitals. Other covered emerging contaminants occurring e.g. in food, water, air or soil include brominated flame retardants, polar pesticides, phthalates, phosphate esters, perfluorinated compounds, personal care products, musk fragrances, disinfection byproducts, illicit drugs, and nanomaterials. The chapters written by experts are a valuable source of information for a broad audience, such as analytical chemists, environmental chemists and engineers, toxicologists, ecotoxicologists and epidemiologists working already in this field as well as newcomers.

Author: Michael J. McGuire
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781583219133
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
"Perhaps no other advancement of public health has been as significant. Yet, few know the intriguing story of a simple idea-disinfecting public water systems with chlorine-that in just 100 years has saved more lives than any other single health development in human history. At the turn of the 20th century, most scientists and doctors called the addition of chloride of lime, a poisonous chemical, to public water supplies not only a preposterous idea but also an illegal act - until a courageous physician, Dr. John L. Leal, working with George W. Fuller, the era's greatest sanitary engineer, proved it could be done safely and effectively on a large scale. This is the first book to tell the incredible true story of the first use of chlorine to disinfect a city water supply, in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1908. This important book also corrects misinformation long-held in the historical record about who was responsible for this momentous event, giving overdue recognition to the true hero of the story-an unflagging champion of public health, Dr. John L. Leal."--Back cover.

Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 142890249X
Category : Disinfection and disinfectants
Languages : en
Pages : 237

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Author: Jolley
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780873711678
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1046

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Book Description
This is a comprehensive examination of the chemistry, environmental impact, and health effects of water chlorination as practiced in the areas of water treatment, wastewater treatment, wastewater disinfection, and cooling water use. It is the peer-reviewed proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Water Chlorination held in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The volume represents more than merely conference proceedings. Organized in a systematic and holistic fashion, it can be read either as a scientific treatise or selectively as individual research and development papers. This unique text includes all the ramifications of water chlorination practice and presents the most significant original research and developments of recent occurrence.

Author: K. Clive Thompson
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782620885
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Book Description
Covering the latest developments in themes related to water disinfection by-products, this book aims to bring the reader right up to date. Stemming from an international conference, contributions are from decision-makers, regulators and the relevant scientific community. It will be of interest to water companies, public health professionals, drinking water quality regulators, suppliers of laboratory and on-line monitoring equipment, analytical chemists, and academic and industry researchers working in the area of disinfection by-products.

Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: IARC Monographs on the Evaluat
ISBN: 9789283213246
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This volume of the IARC Monographs provides an assessment of the carcinogenicity of 18 chemicals present in industrial and consumer products or food (natural constituents, contaminants, or flavorings) or occurring as water-chlorination by-products. The compounds evaluated include the widely used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and the food contaminant 4-methylimidazole. In view of the limited agent-specific information available from epidemiological studies, the IARC Monographs Working Group relied mainly on carcinogenicity bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to evaluate the carcinogenic hazards to humans exposed to these agents.

Author: Black & Veatch Corporation
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118210557
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1109

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Book Description
New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.