Financial Intermediation Costs in Low-Income Countries PDF Download

Author: Mr.Tigran Poghosyan
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475564139
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 54

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Book Description
We analyze factors driving persistently higher financial intermediation costs in low-income countries (LICs) relative to emerging market (EMs) country comparators. Using the net interest margin as a proxy for financial intermediation costs at the bank level, we find that within LICs a substantial part of the variation in interest margins can be explained by bank-specific factors: margins tend to increase with higher riskiness of credit portfolio, lower bank capitalization, and smaller bank size. Overall, we find that concentrated market structures and lack of competition in LICs banking systems and institutional weaknesses constitute the key impediments preventing financial intermediation costs from declining. Our results provide strong evidence that policies aimed at fostering banking competition and strengthening institutional frameworks can reduce intermediation costs in LICs.

Author: Mariusz Jarmuzek
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484391128
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 43

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Book Description
This paper argues that better governance practices can reduce the costs, risks and uncertainty of financial intermediation. Our sample covers high-, middle- and low-income countries before and after the global financial crisis (GFC). We find that net interest margins of banks are lower if various governance indicators are better. More cross-border lending also appears conducive to lower intermediation costs, while the level of capital market development is not significant. The GFC seems not to have had a strong impact except via credit risk. Finally, we estimate the size of potential gains from improved governance.

Author: James A. Hanson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102

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Book Description
High interest rates have become a global concern in both the industrialized and developing countries. In some developing countries they have reached real levels far above even the unprecedented rates prevailing in international capital markets. Such rates prejudice investment and clearly require attention if growth is to be resumed during adjustment. The two papers in this volume analyze some of the causes of high real rates and suggest some policy options for bringing rates down. The first paper summarizes the Industry Department's ongoing work on high real rates while the second paper presents perhaps the first cross-country analysis of banking costs and profits in developing countries. The papers conclude that reductions in direct taxes and in reserve requirements and forced investments could reduce the gap between deposit and lending rates dramatically, and thus lower real lending rates sharply.

Author: Mr.Philipp C. Rother
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145184543X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 33

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Book Description
This paper investigates the effects of macroeconomic and structural variables on financial intermediation. To this end, it presents a theoretical foundation for two new measures of intermediation, the money multiplier and the ratio of private sector credit to monetary base. Results from panel estimations covering 19 transition economies indicate that policy makers need to address in particular the problems of bad loans on bank balance sheets and high market concentration while maintaining a stable macroeconomic environment. Further variables, such as minimum reserve requirements and the capital adequacy ratio, are found to possess less explanatory power.

Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498340687
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 86

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Book Description
This supplement presents ten case studies, which highlight the roles of targeted policies to facilitate sustainable financial deepening in a variety of country circumstances, reflecting historical experiences that parallel a range of markets in LICs. The case studies were selected to broadly capture efforts by countries to increase reach (e.g., financial inclusion), depth (e.g., financial intermediation), and breadth of financial systems (e.g., capital market, cross-border development). The analysis in the case studies highlights the importance of a balanced approach to financial deepening. A stable macroeconomic environment is vital to instill consumer, institutional, and investor confidence necessary to encourage financial market activity. Targeted public policy initiatives (e.g., collateral, payment systems development) can be helpful in removing impediments and creating infrastructure for improved market operations, while ensuring appropriate oversight and regulation of financial markets, to address potential sources of instability and market failures.

Author: Ms. Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484352874
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 49

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Book Description
We develop a micro-founded general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents to identify pertinent constraints to financial inclusion. We evaluate quantitatively the policy impacts of relaxing each of these constraints separately, and in combination, on GDP and inequality. We focus on three dimensions of financial inclusion: access (determined by the size of participation costs), depth (determined by the size of collateral constraints resulting from limited commitment), and intermediation efficiency (determined by the size of interest rate spreads and default possibilities due to costly monitoring). We take the model to a firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for six countries at varying degrees of economic development—three low-income countries (Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique), and three emerging market countries (Malaysia, the Philippines, and Egypt). The results suggest that alleviating different financial frictions have a differential impact across countries, with country-specific characteristics playing a central role in determining the linkages and tradeoffs between inclusion, GDP, inequality, and the distribution of gains and losses.

Author: Donald R. Lessard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intermediation (Finance).
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Author: Jeremy Greenwood
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437933971
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Book Description
How important is financial development for economic development? A costly state verification model of financial intermediation is presented to address this question. The model is calibrated to match facts about the U.S. economy, such as intermediation spreads and the firm-size distribution for the years 1974 and 2004. It is then used to study the international data, using cross-country interest-rate spreads and per-capita GDP. The analysis suggests that a country like Uganda could increase its output by 140 to 180 percent if it could adopt the world's best practice in the financial sector. Still, this amounts to only 34 to 40 percent of the gap between Uganda's potential and actual output. Charts and tables.

Author: Dale W Adams
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429710585
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329

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Book Description
Invisible to official statistics and operating outside the reach of governmental regulation, informal finance markets often prove more efficient and more fair than their formal counterparts. The authors of these studies emphasize the diversity and richness of informal credit markets.

Author: Thorsten Beck
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Book Description
Panel data for 63 countries in 1960-97 reveal no robust relationship between the development of financial intermediaries and the volatility of growth.