Isolation of Lactic Acid Related Bacteria from the Pig Mucosal Proximal Gastrointestinal Tract, Including Olsenella Umbonata Sp. Nov. and Veillonella Magna Sp. Nov PDF Download

Author: Mareike Kraatz
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832527893
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 194

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Book Description
Whose habitat is this? What are their geno-, pheno- and ecotypes? These fervent questions in gastrointestinal microbiology are still, for the most part, unanswered when it comes to what decisively influences pig host nutrition and health: the individual bacterial species of the porcine mucosal gastric and small intestinal microbiota. Lactic acid-producing bacteria in syntrophism with lactic acid-fermenting bacteria, i.e. communities of 'lactic acid-related bacteria' (LARB), constitute the predominant and generally most beneficial part of this microbiota. The present book gives answers to the aforesaid questions. Outlined in six major chapters, the book starts off by reviewing the microecology of the pig proximal gastrointestinal tract as well as the different groups of LARB (chapter II). This leads over to the methodological chapters III and IV which explain the application of two newly developed culture-based approaches for isolation of novel species of manganese catalase-positive lactobacilli and mucin-fermenting LARB. Chapters V and VI contain the valid taxonomic descriptions of two novel LARB species, namely Olsenella umbonata Kraatz et al. 2011 and Veillonella magna Kraatz and Taras 2008 from porcine mucosal jejunum. Chapter VIII ends the book with a discussion of the ecological status, niches and host relationship of O. umbonata and V. magna, thus taking the reader back to the microecology of chapter II.

Author: Edward F. DeLong
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642301193
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 567

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Book Description
The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea

Author: Aidan Parte
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387682333
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2102

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Book Description
Includes a revised taxonomic outline for the Actinobacteria or the high G+C Gram positives is based upon the SILVA project as well as a description of greater than 200 genera in 49 families. Includes many medically and industrially important taxa.

Author: Paul Kosma
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783709108703
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Book Description
Many pathogens and aberrant malignant cells express unique carbohydrates on their surface representing attractive targets for vaccine design. Considerable progress has recently been made in the identification of novel carbohydrate based vaccines and a large number has reached clinical phase studies. The success of several licensed carbohydrate based vaccines against bacterial pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrates their great potential. However, the study of anti-carbohydrate antibodies is technically challenging and partly because of low affinities and promiscuous specificity they have not been medically exploited to full potential. The study of antibody specificities and identification of protective carbohydrate epitopes lies at the heart of successful vaccine design. In addition to therapy, antibodies in general serve as diagnostic tools in medical and scientific laboratories. In this setting high affinity and exquisite specificity are important factors for their successful use. “Anticarbohydrate Antibodies – from molecular basis to clinical application” compiles current knowledge on the immunological recognition of carbohydrates by the adaptive immune system from a molecular perspective providing fundamental insight needed for advancing clinically relevant diagnostics and therapeutic applications. Based on significant progress in the fields of glycoimmunology and structural biology in recent years, the book comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art in defining the key elements of carbohydrate recognition by antibodies, the molecular mimicry of carbohydrate epitopes as well as the molecular features leading to specific and relaxed binding modes. Backed-up by a combination of modern technologies to elucidate structural details of carbohydrate-antibody interactions, biomedically important carbohydrate antigens from viral, bacterial, parasite, insect and tumor cells have been analyzed in in-depth reviews written by well-known experts in the field. Fundamental knowledge of these molecular mechanisms eventually provides a rational basis to improve efficacy of carbohydrate-based vaccines and to further refine diagnostic tools in detection of pathogens and malignant cells.

Author: Gloria Soberón-Chávez
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364214490X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Book Description
Biosurfactants, tensio-active compounds produced by living cells, are now gaining increasing interest due to their potential applications in many different industrial areas in which to date almost exclusively synthetic surfactants have been used. Their unique structures and characteristics are just starting to be appreciated. In addition, biosurfactants are considered to be environmentally “friendly,” relatively non-toxic and biodegradable. This Microbiology Monographs volume deals with the most recent advances in the field of microbial biosurfactants, such as rhamnolipids, serrawettins, trehalolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, sophorolipids, surfactin and other lipopeptides. Each chapter reviews the characteristics of an individual biosurfactant including the physicochemical properties, the chemical structures, the role in the physiology of the producing microbes, the biosynthetic pathways, the genetic regulation, and the potential biotechnological applications.

Author: E. N. Pistikopoulos
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044453895X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2087

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Book Description
The European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) series presents the latest innovations and achievements of leading professionals from the industrial and academic communities. The ESCAPE series serves as a forum for engineers, scientists, researchers, managers and students to present and discuss progress being made in the area of computer aided process engineering (CAPE). European industries large and small are bringing innovations into our lives, whether in the form of new technologies to address environmental problems, new products to make our homes more comfortable and energy efficient or new therapies to improve the health and well being of European citizens. Moreover, the European Industry needs to undertake research and technological initiatives in response to humanity's "Grand Challenges," described in the declaration of Lund, namely, Global Warming, Tightening Supplies of Energy, Water and Food, Ageing Societies, Public Health, Pandemics and Security. Thus, the Technical Theme of ESCAPE 21 will be "Process Systems Approaches for Addressing Grand Challenges in Energy, Environment, Health, Bioprocessing & Nanotechnologies."

Author: Tulasi Satyanarayana
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400758995
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 954

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Book Description
The existence of life at high temperatures is quiet fascinating. At elevated temperatures, only microorganisms are capable of growth and survival. Many thermophilic microbial genera have been isolated from man-made (washing machines, factory effluents, waste streams and acid mine effluents) and natural (volcanic areas, geothermal areas, terrestrial hot springs, submarine hydrothermal vents, geothermally heated oil reserves and oil wells, sun-heated litter and soils/sediments) thermal habitats throughout the world. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches have been employed for understanding the diversity of microbes in hot environments. Interest in their diversity, ecology, and physiology has increased enormously during the past few decades as indicated by the deliberations in international conferences on extremophiles and thermophiles held every alternate year and papers published in journals such as Extremophiles. Thermophilic moulds and bacteria have been extensively studied in plant biomass bioconversion processes as sources of industrial enzymes and as gene donors. In the development of third generation biofuels such as bioethanol, thermophilic fungal and bacterial enzymes are of particular interest. The book is aimed at bringing together scattered up-to-date information on various aspects of thermophiles such as the diversity of thermophiles and viruses of thermophiles, their potential roles in pollution control and bioremediation, and composting.

Author: Pere-Joan Cardona
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533079460
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Book Description
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as recent investigations demonstrate, has a complex signaling expression, which allows its close interaction with the environment and one of its most renowned properties: the ability to persist for long periods of time under a non-replicative status. Although this skill is well characterized in other bacteria, the intrinsically very slow growth rate of Mycobium tuberculosis, together with a very thick and complex cell wall, makes this pathogen specially adapted to the stress that could be generated by the host against them. In this book, different aspects of these properties are displayed by specialists in the field.

Author: Andrea M. Bianchi
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781613246955
Category : Gastropoda
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Gastropods are a large taxonomic class within the molluscs, a group of animals that are more commonly known as snails and slugs. With more than 30,000 living species world-wide and about 15,000 fossil forms, gastropods have a history as far back as the early Cambrian period. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the diversity, habitats and genetics of gastropods. Topics discussed include gastropods as paleoenvironmental indicators; diversity in the growth patterns of marine gastropods; the molecular structure of the snail PCTS influencing their habitat; European terrestrial gastropod distribution; and, diversity and gastropodochory studies.

Author: Srinivas V. Kaveri
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781493971800
Category : Biomedicine
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
This volume looks at the role of natural antibodies in pathogen elimination, cell survival, inflammation, cancer, and autoimmunity. The chapters in this book cover numerous topics, such as isolation of natural antibodies; methods for separating natural antibodies from human plasma, saliva, breast milk, and gastrointestinal fluids; functional properties of natural antibodies such as anti-tumor cytotoxic activity, and hydrolysis and dissolution of their target antigens; their utility in serological diagnosis of microbial antigens; and the role of natural antibodies in inhibiting viral vectors in the absence of prior exposure to the virus.