Author: Trotzke Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192872281 Category : Self-Help Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
This book is the first to present a comprehensive theory of non-canonical questions, those question types that do not (only) request information from the addressee, but rather (additionally) tell us something about the speaker's epistemic and/or emotional state, such as can't-find-the-value questions, echo questions, rhetorical questions, and surprise questions. While much recent research has explored the formal semantics and the phonetics and phonology of both canonical and non-canonical questions, the literature is still lacking a comprehensive account from a syntax-pragmatics perspective that brings together the multiple findings and strands of research from the last twenty years. The standard view in the syntax-pragmatics literature is that most special interpretations of non-canonical questions involve syntactic projections at or even above the level of illocutionary force. In this work, Andreas Trotzke argues that this approach is a mistake, and proposes a new alternative theory of non-canonical questions in which both their special pragmatics and their syntax, as well as in many cases their emotive component, can be derived solely from propositional-level operators that do not affect the illocutionary level of utterances and can be found across illocutionary forces. This account dramatically simplifies the syntactic analysis of non-canonical questions and is also able to capture some previously unobserved data in the discourse behavior of those question types.
Author: Ursula Kania Publisher: Narr Francke Attempto Verlag ISBN: 3823390686 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
This monograph offers a comprehensive account of the L1-acquisition and use of yes-no questions in English from a usage-based, construction grammar perspective. On the basis of the BNC and a high-density, longitudinal CHILDES corpus, the book explores two issues which have largely been neglected in previous research: 1. the prevalence of non-canonical questions (such as elliptical and declarative questions) in adult-to-adult as well as child(-directed) speech and the L1-acquisition of these structures. 2. The discourse-functional properties of both canonical and non-canonical yes-no questions, especially with regard to their influence on the acquisition process.
Author: Roland Seifert Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319526731 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
The cyclic purine nucleotides 3’,5’-cAMP and 3’,5’-cGMP are well-established second messengers. cGMP has recently been covered in a volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (volume 191). In addition to 3’,5’-cAMP and 3’,5’-cGMP, so-called non-canonical cyclic nucleotides exist. These comprise the cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides 3’,5’-cCMP and 3’,5’-cUMP, the purine nucleotide 3’,5’-cIMP, the 2’,3’-nucleoside monophosphates and cyclic dinucleotides. In this volume of the Handbook of Pharmacology, word-leading experts in the field summarize our current knowledge on these non-canonical cyclic nucleotides, discuss open questions, future research directions and the pharmacotherapeutic implications. Special emphasis will be given to the emerging roles of 3’,5’-cCMP and 3’,5’-cUMP as second messengers with regard to generators, effectors, biological functions, inactivation and bacterial toxins. The role of 3’,5’-cIMP as potential second messenger will also be critically discussed. Furthermore, we will consider transport of cyclic nucleotides and their potential role as first messengers. The role of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP in the immune system will covered, too. Lastly, the book will present important methodological aspects ranging from mass-spectrometric methods for cyclic nucleotide detection to the synthesis of nucleotide analogs as experimental tools and holistic methods for analysis of cyclic nucleotide effects.
Author: Petr Sojka Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642157602 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 593
Book Description
Annotation This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, TSD 2010, held in Brno, Czech Republic, September 2010. The 71 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 144 submissions. The topics of the conference include, but are not limited to text corpora and tagging, transcription problems in spoken corpora, sense disambiguation, links between text and speech oriented systems, parsing issues, multi-lingual issues, information retrieval and information extraction, text/topic summarization, machine translation, semantic web, speech modeling, speech recognition, search in speech for IR and IE, text-to-speech synthesis, emotions and personality modeling, user modeling, knowledge representation in relation to dialogue systems, assistive technologies based on speech and dialogue, applied systems and software, facial animation, as well as visual speech synthesis.
Author: Sebastian Fedden Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192514784 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
This book explores the boundaries of the category of gender and their theoretical significance within the framework of Canonical Typology. Grammatical gender is a famously puzzling category: although it has been widely explored from a typological perspective, studies are constantly identifying exciting and unexpected patterns in gender systems, many of which cannot be easily classified or straightforwardly analysed. Some of these patterns stretch or even threaten to cross the largely unexplored outer boundaries of the category. In the canonical approach, morphosyntactic features like gender are established in terms of a canonical ideal: the clearest instance of the phenomenon. The canonical ideal is a clustering of properties that serves as a baseline to measure the actual examples observed. In this volume, international experts use this approach to analyse a range of gender systems that diverge from the canonical ideal, and to determine to what extent each component property of these systems can be considered canonical. Chapters explore a wide range of typologically diverse languages from all over the world, from South America to Melanesia, and from Central Italy to Northern Australia. The book will be of interest to all linguists working in the field of typology, from graduate level upwards, as well as to morphologists and syntacticians of all theoretical stripes who have an interest in grammatical gender.
Author: Marja-Liisa Helasvuo Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company ISBN: 9027269181 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
This volume analyzes constructions with non-canonical subjects in individual languages and cross-linguistically, drawing on insights from cognitive and discourse-functional linguistics. Prototypical subjects have often been characterized in terms of their semantic, syntactic and discourse features, such as animacy, agentivity, topicality, referentiality, definiteness and autonomy of existence of the subject referent. A non-canonical subject is one that lacks some of these features. This may be reflected in its meaning, grammatical coding, and/or discourse function. In discussing non-canonical subjects in individual languages and cross-linguistically, the chapters in the volume address the following more general topics: What kinds of grammatical, semantic and discourse criteria can be used to distinguish subjects from non-subjects? To what extent are subject criteria construction-specific? What kinds of constructions have non-canonical subjects? What are the semantic and discourse functions of constructions with non-canonical subjects? Are subjects which are grammatically non-canonical also atypical in terms of their discourse features?
Author: Andreas Trotzke Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 019887121X Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
This volume is the first to explore the formal linguistic expressions of emotions at different levels of linguistic complexity. Research on the language-emotion interface has to date concentrated primarily on the conceptual dimension of emotions as expressed via language, with semantic and pragmatic studies dominating the field. The chapters in this book, in contrast, bring together work from different linguistic frameworks: generative syntax, functional and usage-based linguistics, formal semantics and pragmatics, and experimental phonology. The volume contributes to the growing field of research that explores the interaction between linguistic expressions and the 'expressive dimension' of language, and will be of interest to linguists from a range of theoretical backgrounds who are interested in the language-emotion interface.
Author: José M. Brucart Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199553262 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 389
Book Description
In this book leading scholars examine the intricate ways in which Merge and formal features, two factors in the Minimalist Program, interact to generate well-formed derivations in natural language. The authors combine grammatical theory with the analysis of data drawn from a wide range of languages.
Author: Josef Bayer Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3110497158 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
Particles have for the longest time been ignored by linguistic research. School-type grammars ignored them since they did not fit into pre-conceived notions of categories, and since they did not seem to enter into grammatical relations commonly discussed in the genre. Only in the last century did some publications discuss particles – and even then only from the perspective of their discourse and pragmatic functions, i.e. their dependance on certain previous contexts, and concluded that the function of particles for the grammar of sentences and their interpretation remains obscure. The current volume presents 11 new articles that take a fresh look at particles: As it turns out, particles inform many aspects of syntax and semantics, too – both diachronically and synchronically: Particles are shown to have fascinating syntactic properties with respect to projection, locality, movement and scope. Their interpretative contributions can be studied with the rigorous methods of formal semantics. Cross-linguistic and diachronic investigations shed new light on the genesis and development of these intriguing – and under-estimated – kinds of lexical elements.
Author: Trotzke
Author: Ursula Kania
Author: Roland Seifert
Author: Petr Sojka
Author: Sebastian Fedden
Author: Marja-Liisa Helasvuo
Author: Andreas Trotzke
Author: José M. Brucart
Author: Josef Bayer
Author: Bruno Estigarribia