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Author: John W. Moffat Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0190650729 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
"Black holes are one of the extraordinary phenomena in the universe whose existence was surmised not by observations, but by theory. The black hole is a prediction of Einstein's 1915-1916 gravitational theory, general relativity, which replaced Sir Isaac Newton's gravity theory, published in his famous treatise Principia in 1687. In 1784, Reverend John Michell, a fellow of Queens' College and Professor of Geology at Cambridge University, had already envisioned what we now call black holes. He asked what would happen if a star's gravity were so strong that its escape velocity - the speed at which a rocket, for example, would have to travel to leave the star - exceeded the speed of light? Michell realized that any light emanating from the star would have to fall back to its surface. He speculated that the escape velocity would exceed the speed of light for a very massive star, making the star invisible to an observer"--
Author: John W. Moffat Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0190650729 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
"Black holes are one of the extraordinary phenomena in the universe whose existence was surmised not by observations, but by theory. The black hole is a prediction of Einstein's 1915-1916 gravitational theory, general relativity, which replaced Sir Isaac Newton's gravity theory, published in his famous treatise Principia in 1687. In 1784, Reverend John Michell, a fellow of Queens' College and Professor of Geology at Cambridge University, had already envisioned what we now call black holes. He asked what would happen if a star's gravity were so strong that its escape velocity - the speed at which a rocket, for example, would have to travel to leave the star - exceeded the speed of light? Michell realized that any light emanating from the star would have to fall back to its surface. He speculated that the escape velocity would exceed the speed of light for a very massive star, making the star invisible to an observer"--
Author: Arne Grenzebach Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319300660 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
This book introduces an analytic method to describe the shadow of black holes. As an introduction, it presents a survey of the attempts to observe the shadow of galactic black holes. Based on a detailed discussion of the Plebański–Demiański class of space-times, the book derives analytical formulas for the photon regions and for the boundary curve of the shadow as seen by an observer in the domain of outer communication. It also analyzes how the shadow depends on the motion of the observer. For all cases, the photon regions and shadows are visualized for various values of the parameters. Finally, it considers how the analytical formulas can be used for calculating the horizontal and vertical angular diameters of the shadow, and estimates values for the black holes at the centers of our Galaxy near Sgr A* and of the neighboring galaxy M87.
Author: John W. Moffat Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190650745 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Black holes entered the world of science fiction and films in the 1960s, and their popularity in our culture remains today. The buzz surrounding black holes was and is due, in large part, to their speculative nature. It is still difficult for the general public to determine fact versus fiction as it pertains to this terrifying idea: something big enough to swallow anything and everything in close proximity, with a gravitational force so strong that nothing, including light, can escape. In the fall of 2015, scientists at the Laser Interferometry Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected the first sounds from black holes, brought to earth by the gravitational waves that emitted from the merging of two black holes 1.4 billion light years away in space. This confirmed the existence of gravitational waves, which Albert Einstein predicted in 1916. In the spring of 2017, physicists and astronomers who were working on the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project captured the first image of a black hole. This was the supermassive black hole hosted by the galaxy M87 in the constellation Virgo, 53 million light years away, and the image shows the shadow the black hole casts upon the bright light surrounding it. In this book, John Moffat shares the history of black holes and presents the latest research into these mysterious celestial objects, including the astounding results from gravitational wave detection and the shadow of the black hole.
Author: Cosimo Bambi Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9819915961 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 505
Book Description
Black holes are one of the most fascinating predictions of general relativity. They are the natural product of the complete gravitational collapse of matter and today we have a body of observational evidence supporting the existence of black holes in the Universe. However, general relativity predicts that at the center of black holes there are spacetime singularities, where predictability is lost and standard physics breaks down. It is widely believed that spacetime singularities are a symptom of the limitations of general relativity and must be solved within a theory of quantum gravity. Since we do not have yet any mature and reliable candidate for a quantum gravity theory, researchers have studied toy-models of singularity-free black holes and of singularity-free gravitational collapses in order to explore possible implications of the yet unknown theory of quantum gravity. This book reviews all main models of regular black holes and non-singular gravitational collapses proposed in the literature, and discuss the theoretical and observational implications of these scenarios.
Author: Gustavo E. Romero Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642395961 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
This book is based on the lecture notes of a one-semester course on black hole astrophysics given by the author and is aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in astrophysics. The material included goes beyond that found in classic textbooks and presents details on astrophysical manifestations of black holes. In particular, jet physics and detailed accounts of objects like microquasars, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, and ultra-luminous X-ray sources are covered, as well as advanced topics like black holes in alternative theories of gravity. The author avoids unnecessary technicalities and to some degree the book is self-contained. The reader will find some basic general relativity tools in Chapter 1. The appendices provide some additional mathematical details that will be useful for further study, and a guide to the bibliography on the subject.
Author: Cosimo Bambi Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811045240 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
This textbook introduces the current astrophysical observations of black holes, and discusses the leading techniques to study the strong gravity region around these objects with electromagnetic radiation. More importantly, it provides the basic tools for writing an astrophysical code and testing the Kerr paradigm. Astrophysical black holes are an ideal laboratory for testing strong gravity. According to general relativity, the spacetime geometry around these objects should be well described by the Kerr solution. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the gas in the inner part of the accretion disk can probe the metric of the strong gravity region and test the Kerr black hole hypothesis. With exercises and examples in each chapter, as well as calculations and analytical details in the appendix, the book is especially useful to the beginners or graduate students who are familiar with general relativity while they do not have any background in astronomy or astrophysics.“/p>
Author: Abhas Mitra Publisher: Pan Macmillan ISBN: 9389104157 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Black holes have turned out to be the cornerstone of both physics and popular belief. But what if we were to realize that exact black holes cannot exist, even though their existence is apparently suggested by exact general relativistic solutions, and Roger Penrose won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics ‘for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity’? While it might seem far-fetched to claim so, it will be worth remembering that the finest theoretical physicists like Albert Einstein and Paul Dirac did not believe in black holes, and Stephen Hawking finally thought that there are no exact black holes. While the black hole paradigm has become commonplace in popular consciousness, in the last decade, noise has consistently grown about the many physical effects which can inhibit the formation of exact mathematical black holes. In The Rise and Fall of the Black Hole Paradigm, Abhas Mitra shows us how, much before these developments, he had proven why the so-called black holes must only be black hole pretenders. He identified these black hole candidates to be Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) and, along with Darryl J. Leiter and Stanley L. Robertson, generalized them. Recent evidence for the existence of strong magnetic fields around so-called black holes may provide confirmations of his claim.
Author: Toshio Suzuki Publisher: Xlibris Corporation ISBN: 1450026664 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
The basic topic of this book is to advocate the establishment of a world federation and world government and to consider the philosophy on how we can be happy. As for the establishment of a world federation and world government, the benefits of a world federation and world government are introduced. As for the philosophy on how we can be happy, some religious thoughts are introduced. For example, an idea which improves Einsteins theory of relativity is introduced. The Basic philosophy is that we must do good if we want to be happy. Our mission from God is to make a world where all people can live happily. These thoughts lead to the establishment of world federation and world government.
Author: Valeri P. Frolov Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199692297 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 505
Book Description
What is a black hole? How many of them are in our Universe? Can black holes be created in a laboratory or in particle colliders? Can objects similar to black holes be used for space and time travel? This book discusses these and many other questions providing the reader with the tools required to explore the Black Hole Land independently.
Author: Derek Raine Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN: 1783264845 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
This book provides an accessible introduction to the fascinating and topical subject of black holes. It bridges the gap between popular non-mathematical expositions and advanced research texts, using simple undergraduate level calculations and the most basic knowledge of relativity to explain current research. This means the theory can be understood by a wide audience of physicists, including those who are not necessarily interested in learning higher-level mathematical techniques. The third edition links more of the current research trends to fundamental aspects of the physics of black holes. Additionally: It provides an accessible introduction to the two most useful exact solutions of Einstein's vacuum field equations describing black holes, using only basic tensor calculusExplores the geometry and physical properties of these spacetimes through the motion of particles and lightExplains the use of different coordinate systems, maximal extensions and Penrose diagramsDiscusses the association of the surface area of a black hole with its entropy and shows that, with the introduction of quantum mechanics, black holes cease to be black and can radiate. This allows black holes to satisfy the laws of thermodynamics and thus be consistent with the rest of physicsIncludes over 100 problems and solutions This new edition introduces a chapter dedicated to a selection of recent results. Existing chapters have been updated and new explanatory material has been added to aid in the understanding of the physics. This book is recommended reading for advanced undergraduate students and first-year postgraduates who will find it a useful stepping-stone to the advanced literature.
Author: John W. Moffat
Author: John W. Moffat
Author: Arne Grenzebach
Author: John W. Moffat
Author: Cosimo Bambi
Author: Gustavo E. Romero
Author: Cosimo Bambi
Author: Abhas Mitra
Author: Toshio Suzuki
Author: Valeri P. Frolov
Author: Derek Raine