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Author: Ramon M. Cerda Publisher: Artech House ISBN: 1608071189 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
Quartz, unique in its chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, is used as a frequency control element in applications where stability of frequency is an absolute necessity. Without crystal controlled transmission, radio and television would not be possible in their present form. The quartz crystals allow the individual channels in communication systems to be spaced closer together to make better use of one of most precious resources -- wireless bandwidth. This book describes the characteristics of the art of crystal oscillator design, including how to specify and select crystal oscillators. While presenting various varieties of crystal oscillators, this resource also provides you with useful MathCad and Genesys simulations.
Author: Ramon M. Cerda Publisher: Artech House ISBN: 1608071189 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
Quartz, unique in its chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, is used as a frequency control element in applications where stability of frequency is an absolute necessity. Without crystal controlled transmission, radio and television would not be possible in their present form. The quartz crystals allow the individual channels in communication systems to be spaced closer together to make better use of one of most precious resources -- wireless bandwidth. This book describes the characteristics of the art of crystal oscillator design, including how to specify and select crystal oscillators. While presenting various varieties of crystal oscillators, this resource also provides you with useful MathCad and Genesys simulations.
Author: D. Firth Publisher: ISBN: Category : Amplifiers (Electronics) Languages : en Pages : 552
Book Description
The object of this handbook is to assemble a set of design methods for crystal oscillators in the frequency range of 1 KC to 200 MC with the aim of facilitating design, eliminating crystal unit misapplications, and reducing design costs. The handbook is not directed at the design of ultra-stable crystal oscillators, but rather at the non-temperature controlled, medium frequency stability oscillator commonly in use in many types of communications equipment. The handbook contains discussions of: (1) The electrical characteristics of crystal units, condition of usage, and methods of measurement. (2) Characteristics of tube and transistor amplifiers. (3) Characteristics of impedance transforming networks. (4) Detailed design information on series resonance and anti-resonance oscillators. (5) Design examples together with experimental evaluation data covering most of the 1 KC to 200 MC range. (Author).
Author: Marvin Frerking Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401160562 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
Crystal oscillators have been in use now for well over SO years-one of the first was built by W. G. Cady in 1921. Today, millions of them are made every year, covering a range of frequencies from a few Kilohertz to several hundred Mega hertz and a range of stabilities from a fraction of one percent to a few parts in ten to the thirteenth, with most of them, by far, still in the range of several tens of parts per million.Their major application has long been the stabilization of fre quencies in transmitters and receivers, and indeed, the utilization of the frequency spectrum would be in utter chaos, and the communication systems as we know them today unthinkable,'without crystal oscillators. With the need to accommodate ever increasing numbers of users in a limited spectrum space, this traditional application will continue to grow for the fore seeable future, and ever tighter tolerances will have to be met by an ever larger percentage of these devices.
Author: Ramon Cerda Publisher: ISBN: 9780750679435 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Oscillator circuits using quartz crystals as the frequency-controlling element are one the oldest basic RF circuits, dating aback the 1920s in vacuum tube designs. Today, they are more important that ever, but are now in IC form with the oscillator frequency "multiplied up" or "divided down" to synthesize a wide range of frequencies. Every RF/wireless device today controls its operating frequency with some form of a crystal oscillator circuit, and they also are the heart of clock functions used to control microprocessors and digital circuits. The book will introduce the basic concepts of crystal oscillator theory, describe their operation, and explore their various applications. Special attention will be given to environmental and operational parameters (such as keeping the crystal inside a temperature-controlled "oven" for increased frequency stability). In addition, there will be material on the use of crystal-controlled oscillators in embedded systems. *Introduces basic concepts of crystal oscillator theory. *Special attention given to environmental and operational parameters. *Includes guidelines for selecting the proper technology to accomplish the goal of the designer.
Author: Richard J. Thompson, Jr. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470051280 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Quartz crystal-a technology that changed the tide of World War II Some of the defining leaps in technology in the twentieth century occurred during the Second World War, from radar to nuclear energy. Often left out of historical discussions are quartz crystals, which proved to be just as pivotal to the Allied victory-and to post-war development-as other technologies. Quartz crystals provided the U.S. military, for the first time, with reliable communication on the front lines, and then went on to become the core of some of the most basic devices of the post-war era, from watches, clocks, and color televisions, to cell phones and computers. In Crystal Clear, Richard Thompson relates the story of the quartz crystal in World War II, from its early days as a curiosity for amateur radio enthusiasts, to its use by the United States Armed Forces. It follows the intrepid group of scientists and engineers from the Office of the Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army as they raced to create an effective quartz crystal unit. They had to find a reliable supply of radio-quality quartz; devise methods to reach, mine, and transport the quartz; find a way to manufacture quartz crystal oscillators rapidly; and then solve the puzzling "aging problem" that plagued the early units. Ultimately, the development of quartz oscillators became the second largest scientific undertaking in World War II after the Manhattan Project. Bringing to light a little-known aspect of World War II, Crystal Clear offers a glimpse inside one of the most significant efforts in the annals of engineering.
Author: Kazuhiro Mochizuki Publisher: Artech House ISBN: 1630814296 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
This unique new resource provides a comparative introduction to vertical Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices using real commercial device data, computer, and physical models. This book uses commercial examples from recent years and presents the design features of various GaN and SiC power components and devices. Vertical verses lateral power semiconductor devices are explored, including those based on wide bandgap materials. The abstract concepts of solid state physics as they relate to solid state devices are explained with particular emphasis on power solid state devices. Details about the effects of photon recycling are presented, including an explanation of the phenomenon of the family tree of photon-recycling. This book offers in-depth coverage of bulk crystal growth of GaN, including hydride vapor-phase epitaxial (HVPE) growth, high-pressure nitrogen solution growth, sodium-flux growth, ammonothermal growth, and sublimation growth of SiC. The fabrication process, including ion implantation, diffusion, oxidation, metallization, and passivation is explained. The book provides details about metal-semiconductor contact, unipolar power diodes, and metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors. Bipolar power diodes, power switching devices, and edge terminations are also covered in this resource.
Author: Ramon M. Cerda
Author: Ramon M. Cerda
Author: D. Firth
Author: Raymond Alphonsus Heising
Author: Robert J. Matthys
Author: Marvin Frerking
Author: Ramon Cerda
Author: Leland T. Sogn
Author: Richard J. Thompson, Jr.
Author: Frank Kuzler
Author: Kazuhiro Mochizuki