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Author: Giuseppe Longo Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 1908977795 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
This book identifies the organizing concepts of physical and biological phenomena by an analysis of the foundations of mathematics and physics. Our aim is to propose a dialog between different conceptual universes and thus to provide a unification of phenomena. The role of “order” and symmetries in the foundations of mathematics is linked to the main invariants and principles, among them the geodesic principle (a consequence of symmetries), which govern and confer unity to various physical theories. Moreover, an attempt is made to understand causal structures, a central element of physical intelligibility, in terms of both symmetries and symmetry breakings. A distinction between the principles of (conceptual) construction and of proofs, both in physics and in mathematics, guides most of the work.The importance of mathematical tools is also highlighted to clarify differences in the models for physics and biology that are proposed by continuous and discrete mathematics, such as computational simulations.Since biology is particularly complex and not as well understood at a theoretical level, we propose a “unification by concepts” which in any case should precede mathematization. This constitutes an outline for unification also based on highlighting conceptual differences, complex points of passage and technical irreducibilities of one field to another. Indeed, we suppose here a very common monist point of view, namely the view that living objects are “big bags of molecules”. The main question though is to understand which “theory” can help better understand these bags of molecules. They are, indeed, rather “singular”, from the physical point of view. Technically, we express this singularity through the concept of “extended criticality”, which provides a logical extension of the critical transitions that are known in physics. The presentation is mostly kept at an informal and conceptual level./a
Author: Giuseppe Longo Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 1908977795 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
This book identifies the organizing concepts of physical and biological phenomena by an analysis of the foundations of mathematics and physics. Our aim is to propose a dialog between different conceptual universes and thus to provide a unification of phenomena. The role of “order” and symmetries in the foundations of mathematics is linked to the main invariants and principles, among them the geodesic principle (a consequence of symmetries), which govern and confer unity to various physical theories. Moreover, an attempt is made to understand causal structures, a central element of physical intelligibility, in terms of both symmetries and symmetry breakings. A distinction between the principles of (conceptual) construction and of proofs, both in physics and in mathematics, guides most of the work.The importance of mathematical tools is also highlighted to clarify differences in the models for physics and biology that are proposed by continuous and discrete mathematics, such as computational simulations.Since biology is particularly complex and not as well understood at a theoretical level, we propose a “unification by concepts” which in any case should precede mathematization. This constitutes an outline for unification also based on highlighting conceptual differences, complex points of passage and technical irreducibilities of one field to another. Indeed, we suppose here a very common monist point of view, namely the view that living objects are “big bags of molecules”. The main question though is to understand which “theory” can help better understand these bags of molecules. They are, indeed, rather “singular”, from the physical point of view. Technically, we express this singularity through the concept of “extended criticality”, which provides a logical extension of the critical transitions that are known in physics. The presentation is mostly kept at an informal and conceptual level./a
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309498538 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
Biological collections are a critical part of the nation's science and innovation infrastructure and a fundamental resource for understanding the natural world. Biological collections underpin basic science discoveries as well as deepen our understanding of many challenges such as global change, biodiversity loss, sustainable food production, ecosystem conservation, and improving human health and security. They are important resources for education, both in formal training for the science and technology workforce, and in informal learning through schools, citizen science programs, and adult learning. However, the sustainability of biological collections is under threat. Without enhanced strategic leadership and investments in their infrastructure and growth many biological collections could be lost. Biological Collections: Ensuring Critical Research and Education for the 21st Century recommends approaches for biological collections to develop long-term financial sustainability, advance digitization, recruit and support a diverse workforce, and upgrade and maintain a robust physical infrastructure in order to continue serving science and society. The aim of the report is to stimulate a national discussion regarding the goals and strategies needed to ensure that U.S. biological collections not only thrive but continue to grow throughout the 21st century and beyond.
Author: Surya Nandan Meena Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128174986 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 582
Book Description
Advances in Biological Science Research: A Practical Approach provides discussions on diverse research topics and methods in the biological sciences in a single platform. This book provides the latest technologies, advanced methods, and untapped research areas involved in diverse fields of biological science research such as bioinformatics, proteomics, microbiology, medicinal chemistry, and marine science. Each chapter is written by renowned researchers in their respective fields of biosciences and includes future advancements in life science research. - Discusses various research topics and methods in the biological sciences in a single platform - Comprises the latest updates in advanced research techniques, protocols, and methods in biological sciences - Incorporates the fundamentals, advanced instruments, and applications of life science experiments - Offers troubleshooting for many common problems faced while performing research experiments
Author: Rafael A. Irizarry Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498775861 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 537
Book Description
This book covers several of the statistical concepts and data analytic skills needed to succeed in data-driven life science research. The authors proceed from relatively basic concepts related to computed p-values to advanced topics related to analyzing highthroughput data. They include the R code that performs this analysis and connect the lines of code to the statistical and mathematical concepts explained.
Author: Con Kerry Kenneth Stough Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439893608 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
Great strides have been made in the field of natural medicine with respect to neurocognition. Once limited to the province of niche publications, these discoveries are now routinely explored in mainstream psychopharmacology, neuroscience, nutrition, and medical journals. Now presented in one convenient volume, Advances in Natural Medicines, Nutraceuticals and Neurocognition reflects the breadth and depth of recent advances in this area. The editors of this volume are affiliated with one of the leading research centers in this area. Bringing together the work of contributors from around the globe, this book examines: The application of cognitive batteries to capture small changes in cognition due to herbal and supplement administration Recent methodological developments related to cognitive aging Neurocognitive effects of isolated compounds, including N-acetylcysteine and lipoic acid The effect of supplementation with multivitamins on cognitive health The impact of agents that improve metabolic activity in the context of neurocognitive function The extent to which essential fatty acids, and in particular omega-3s, can improve cognitive function The application of Chinese medicine in the context of dementia—including herbal extracts, acupuncture, and other approaches Mechanistic and efficacy studies associated with chronic administration of the Indian herb Bacopa monnieri (BM) The efficacy of herbal abstracts in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, and insomnia The Chinese club moss alkaloid Huperzine A, its mechanisms of action, and its potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions With more than 50 percent of the population taking some sort of natural medicine supplement, the industry is worth tens of billions of dollars per year. This book assembles recent research to assist researchers in further studies on these ubiquitous supplements and their effect on intelligence, memory, cognition, and brain functioning.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309214459 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments.
Author: Rajeshwar P. Sinha Publisher: I K International Pvt Ltd ISBN: 9381141045 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 700
Book Description
Advances in Life Sciences provides state-of-the-art information and highlights the current developments in life sciences. It encompasses topics on viruses to crop plants, comprising seventeen reviews and six original articles. For the benefit of graduate and postgraduate students and researchers, a chapter on the use of internet for searching scientific literature is included. Subjects covered include stress biology, phytotaxis, biological nitrogen fixation and its biotechnology, community ecology, microbial production of drugs, cosmetics and other bioactive compounds, long-term storage of useful microbes, methods to transfer genes into multicellular organisms and gene expression. The book provides an insight in future perspectives in particular field with extensive bibliographies at the end of each chapter. The book will be highly useful and must-read for students, researchers and professionals in botany, environmental sciences, agriculture, molecular biology and life sciences.
Author: Katrin Vohland Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030582787 Category : Communication Languages : en Pages : 520
Book Description
This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.
Author: Seyed Mohammad Nabavi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128175192 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 880
Book Description
Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis is a thorough guide to the latest analytical methods used for identifying and studying bioactive phytochemicals and other natural products. Chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids and saponins are examined, highlighting the many techniques for studying their properties. Each chapter is devoted to a compound category, beginning with the underlying chemical properties of the main components followed by techniques of extraction, purification and fractionation, and then techniques of identification and quantification. Biological activities, possible interactions, levels found in plants, the effects of processing, and current and potential industrial applications are also included. - Focuses on the latest analytical techniques used for studying phytochemical and other biological compounds - Authored and edited by the top worldwide experts in their field - Discusses the current and potential applications and predicts future trends of each compound group
Author: Giuseppe Longo
Author: Giuseppe Longo
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Surya Nandan Meena
Author: Rafael A. Irizarry
Author: Con Kerry Kenneth Stough
Author: National Research Council
Author: Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Author: Katrin Vohland
Author: Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
Author: National Library of Medicine (U.S.)