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Author: Robert Lorway Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319421999 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
This book critically examines the many complex entanglements between AIDS activism and HIV science. It takes readers on a medical anthropological expedition across time and space that highlights the stakes from the perspective of those most affected by the epidemic. Author Robert Lorway reveals how early in the HIV epidemic, amid inadequate government leadership, communities of people living with and directly affected by HIV and AIDS rose to become a vital force at the forefront of prevention responses. Yet now, more than three decades later, HIV prevention and treatment is increasingly being placed under the jurisdiction of clinical, epidemiological, and management scientific expertise. In this kind of context, where does activism figure into the possibility of more democratized collaborations between affected communities, scientists, and policy makers? Coverage draws upon the findings from an array of community research projects conducted in Canada, India, and Kenya over a 22-year period. It weaves together rich, original data sources that range from in-depth qualitative interviews, field notes, and primary and secondary archival document retrievals in these three regions. Offering a rich diversity in perspectives, this book tackles the broader themes related to global health policy, science, and transnational activism at the same time as it highlights the experiences and local arenas where debates about activism and science play out. In the end, Lorway questions the growing expectation for affected communities themselves to produce sound evidence to legitimize their advocacy projects. He calls for the planners and implementers of biomedically oriented HIV research and interventions to more meaningfully engage with communities in ways that de-monopolize decision making as a matter of ethics and improved scientific practice.
Author: Robert Lorway Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319421999 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
This book critically examines the many complex entanglements between AIDS activism and HIV science. It takes readers on a medical anthropological expedition across time and space that highlights the stakes from the perspective of those most affected by the epidemic. Author Robert Lorway reveals how early in the HIV epidemic, amid inadequate government leadership, communities of people living with and directly affected by HIV and AIDS rose to become a vital force at the forefront of prevention responses. Yet now, more than three decades later, HIV prevention and treatment is increasingly being placed under the jurisdiction of clinical, epidemiological, and management scientific expertise. In this kind of context, where does activism figure into the possibility of more democratized collaborations between affected communities, scientists, and policy makers? Coverage draws upon the findings from an array of community research projects conducted in Canada, India, and Kenya over a 22-year period. It weaves together rich, original data sources that range from in-depth qualitative interviews, field notes, and primary and secondary archival document retrievals in these three regions. Offering a rich diversity in perspectives, this book tackles the broader themes related to global health policy, science, and transnational activism at the same time as it highlights the experiences and local arenas where debates about activism and science play out. In the end, Lorway questions the growing expectation for affected communities themselves to produce sound evidence to legitimize their advocacy projects. He calls for the planners and implementers of biomedically oriented HIV research and interventions to more meaningfully engage with communities in ways that de-monopolize decision making as a matter of ethics and improved scientific practice.
Author: Jennifer Chan Publisher: JHU Press ISBN: 1421415984 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 345
Book Description
A comprehensive study of global AIDS activism over the past twenty-five years. Few diseases have provoked as many wild moralistic leaps or stringent attempts to measure, classify, and define risk and treatment standards as AIDS. In Politics in the Corridor of Dying, Jennifer Chan documents the emergence of a diverse range of community-based, nongovernmental, and civil society groups engaged in patient-focused AIDS advocacy worldwide. She also critically evaluates the evolving role of these groups in challenging authoritative global health governance schemes put in place by what she describes as overcontrolling or sanctimonious governments, scientists, religious figures, journalists, educators, and corporations. Drawing on more than 100 interviews conducted across eighteen countries, the book covers a broad spectrum of contemporary sociopolitical issues in AIDS activism, including the criminalization of HIV transmission, the fight against "big pharma," and the politics of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Chan argues that AIDS activism disrupts four contemporary regimes of power—scientific monopoly, market fundamentalism, governance statism, and community control—by elevating alternative knowledge production and human rights. This multidisciplinary book is aimed at students and scholars of public health, sociology, and political science, as well as health practitioners and activists. Politics in the Corridor of Dying makes specific policy recommendations for the future while revealing how AIDS activism around the world has achieved much more than increased funding, better treatment, and more open clinical trial access: by forcing controlling entities to democratize, activists have changed the balance of power for the better and helped advance permanent social change.
Author: Cristiana Bastos Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 9780253335906 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
" . . . a coherent and fascinating social analysis of AIDS-related knowledge, examining the social facts of knowledge production and developments interior to communities of science." Medical Humanities Review " . . . a multilayered, composite approach that involves multisited ethnographic research in different spheres of the collective responses to AIDS . . . " —Choice The response to AIDS from various groups in developing knowledge of and about this health crisis is the focus of this revealing work. Rio de Janeiro serves as an observation point for the study of the intersecting worlds of activism, clinical practice, and biomedical research.
Author: Steven Epstein Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 9780520921252 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
In the short, turbulent history of AIDS research and treatment, the boundaries between scientist insiders and lay outsiders have been crisscrossed to a degree never before seen in medical history. Steven Epstein's astute and readable investigation focuses on the critical question of "how certainty is constructed or deconstructed," leading us through the views of medical researchers, activists, policy makers, and others to discover how knowledge about AIDS emerges out of what he calls "credibility struggles." Epstein shows the extent to which AIDS research has been a social and political phenomenon and how the AIDS movement has transformed biomedical research practices through its capacity to garner credibility by novel strategies. Epstein finds that nonscientist AIDS activists have gained enough of a voice in the scientific world to shape NIH–sponsored research to a remarkable extent. Because of the blurring of roles and responsibilities, the production of biomedical knowledge about AIDS does not, he says, follow the pathways common to science; indeed, AIDS research can only be understood as a field that is unusually broad, public, and contested. He concludes by analyzing recent moves to democratize biomedicine, arguing that although AIDS activists have set the stage for new challenges to scientific authority, all social movements that seek to democratize expertise face unusual difficulties. Avoiding polemics and accusations, Epstein provides a benchmark account of the AIDS epidemic to date, one that will be as useful to activists, policy makers, and general readers as to sociologists, physicians, and scientists.
Author: Theodore Powers Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN: 0812252004 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
From the historical roots of AIDS activism in the struggle for African liberation to the everyday work of community education in Khayelitsha, Sustaining Life tells the story of how the rights-based South African AIDS movement successfully transformed public health institutions, enabled access to HIV/AIDS treatment, and sustained the lives of people living with the disease. Typical accounts of the South African epidemic have focused on the political conflict surrounding it, Theodore Powers observes, but have yet to examine the process by which the national HIV/AIDS treatment program achieved near-universal access. In Sustaining Life, Powers demonstrates the ways in which non-state actors, from caregivers to activists, worked within the state to transform policy and state-based institutions in order to improve health-based outcomes. He shows how advocates in the South African AIDS movement channeled the everyday experiences of poor and working-class people living with HIV/AIDS into tangible policy changes at varying institutional levels, revealing the primacy of local action for expanding treatment access. In his analysis of the transformation of the state health system, Powers addresses three key questions: How were the activists of the movement able to overcome an AIDS-dissident faction that was backed by government power? How were state health institutions and HIV/AIDS policy transformed to increase public sector access to treatment? Finally, how should the South African campaign for treatment access inform academic debates on social movements, transnationalism, and the state? Based on extended participant observation and in-depth interviews with members of the South African AIDS movement, Sustaining Life traces how the political principles of the anti-apartheid movement were leveraged to build a broad coalition that changed national HIV/AIDS policy norms and highlights how changes in state-society relations can be produced by local activism.
Author: Nicoli Nattrass Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231149131 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Since the early days of the AIDS epidemic, many bizarre and dangerous hypotheses have been advanced to explain the origins of the disease. In this compelling book, Nicoli Nattrass explores the social and political factors prolonging the erroneous belief that the American government manufactured the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to be used as a biological weapon, as well as the myth's consequences for behavior, especially within African American and black South African communities. Contemporary AIDS denialism, the belief that HIV is harmless and that antiretroviral drugs are the true cause of AIDS, is a more insidious AIDS conspiracy theory. Advocates of this position make a "conspiratorial move" against HIV science by implying its methods cannot be trusted and that untested, alternative therapies are safer than antiretrovirals. These claims are genuinely life-threatening, as tragically demonstrated in South Africa when the delay of antiretroviral treatment resulted in nearly 333,000 AIDS deaths and 180,000 HIV infections—a tragedy of stunning proportions. Nattrass identifies four symbolically powerful figures ensuring the lifespan of AIDS denialism: the hero scientist (dissident scientists who lend credibility to the movement); the cultropreneur (alternative therapists who exploit the conspiratorial move as a marketing mechanism); the living icon (individuals who claim to be living proof of AIDS denialism's legitimacy); and the praise-singer (journalists who broadcast movement messages to the public). Nattrass also describes how pro-science activists have fought back by deploying empirical evidence and political credibility to resist AIDS conspiracy theories, which is part of the crucial project to defend evidence-based medicine.
Author: Cindy Patton Publisher: U of Minnesota Press ISBN: 9781452904351 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Pioneering cultural critic Cindy Patton looks at the complex interaction between modern science, media coverage, and local activism during the first decade of the epidemic.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309046289 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.
Author: Brett C. Stockdill Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers ISBN: 9781588261113 Category : AIDS (Disease) Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
AIDS has claimed the lives of more than 400,000 people in the United States, becoming the focus of intense social activism. Brett Stockdill reveals that people living with HIV/AIDS are often multiply oppressed - women of color, for example - and explores how interlocking oppressions fragment activism and thus impede AIDS prevention and intervention. Demonstrating that a unified approach to issues of race, class, gender, and sexuality can most effectively combat the AIDS epidemic, he highlights the critical link between social analysis and public policy.
Author: Robert Lorway
Author: Robert Lorway
Author: Jennifer Chan
Author: Cristiana Bastos
Author: Dennis Altman
Author: Steven Epstein
Author: Theodore Powers
Author: Nicoli Nattrass
Author: Cindy Patton
Author: National Research Council
Author: Brett C. Stockdill