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Author: Johnny Ch LOK Publisher: ISBN: 9781792810664 Category : Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
(AI) reduces the increased in the ageing population arises the wage costs of enterprises.Nowadays, any countries, the increased in the ageing population arises the wage costs of enterprises in two ways. The first is the seniority-based wage system, the ageing of the labour force naturally leads to a rise in the total wage costs. For example, the senior position, e.g. CEO, manager, doctor, lawyer etc. different professional or senior management occupations. The middle or old age labour both groups whose wages will be higher than the young age labour group. Their high wages level are depended on their working experiences, knowledge and educational level. So, if the young employee who has been working in the same firm (employer) from the under level clerk position to be promoted to the senior level CEO or Senior mangagement position during who is middle age or old age stage. Then, the firm's senior level and under level wage gap will be larger to compare with it chooses to recruit the another new employee who enters to this firm to do the senior level position. Because the firm's distance of wage gap between the lower level and the middle or upper level employees, it is depended the factor, such as the upper level employee position who is either come from whose firm's promotion or the choice of its new staff's outside employment method. So, why the difference of wage distant gap to any large enterprise, which is caused by the senior management level position is either recruited from promotion method or recruitment from outside employment method. It seems that the important determinant of working conditions for individual employee to cause wage inequality to Japan and China both countries, including job stability, wage level and opportunity for receiving training etc. job market factors. Also it seems that the cause of their wage inequality reasons include the individual labour's education level, skillful level and individual labour's age etc. different personal factors mainly. Otherwise, the other factors to cause wage inequality to America, it is possible to link these factors, including structural changes on the labour market to industrial dynamics, deindustralization, technology innovation changes to work nature and commercialization of micro-economic factors. So, the nature of inequalities, e.g. wage vs other types of income, it is the nature of link of different age and/or occupation groups. Thus, different countries will have different factors to cause wage or income inequality. Such as, America wage inequality is caused by the macro economic factor mainly, it focuses on structural changes on the labour markets as a consequence of industrial dynamics, deindustralization, changing technology work nature to cause America wage inequality consequently. Otherwise, Japan and China wage inequality is caused by personal education and working experiences and job market factor.Hence, (AI) can reduce the increased in the ageing population arises the wage costs of enterprises because it is not all young age workers who have effort to familiar how to operate robotics to work together in order to achieve the productive efficiencies possibly. It is possible that the older age workers who have effort to familiar hoe to operate robotics to work together in order to achieve the productive efficiencies more easily possibly. So, it can reduce the increased in the ageing population raises the wage costs chance when the organization applies robotics participation to assist workers to work in factories.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK Publisher: ISBN: 9781792810664 Category : Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
(AI) reduces the increased in the ageing population arises the wage costs of enterprises.Nowadays, any countries, the increased in the ageing population arises the wage costs of enterprises in two ways. The first is the seniority-based wage system, the ageing of the labour force naturally leads to a rise in the total wage costs. For example, the senior position, e.g. CEO, manager, doctor, lawyer etc. different professional or senior management occupations. The middle or old age labour both groups whose wages will be higher than the young age labour group. Their high wages level are depended on their working experiences, knowledge and educational level. So, if the young employee who has been working in the same firm (employer) from the under level clerk position to be promoted to the senior level CEO or Senior mangagement position during who is middle age or old age stage. Then, the firm's senior level and under level wage gap will be larger to compare with it chooses to recruit the another new employee who enters to this firm to do the senior level position. Because the firm's distance of wage gap between the lower level and the middle or upper level employees, it is depended the factor, such as the upper level employee position who is either come from whose firm's promotion or the choice of its new staff's outside employment method. So, why the difference of wage distant gap to any large enterprise, which is caused by the senior management level position is either recruited from promotion method or recruitment from outside employment method. It seems that the important determinant of working conditions for individual employee to cause wage inequality to Japan and China both countries, including job stability, wage level and opportunity for receiving training etc. job market factors. Also it seems that the cause of their wage inequality reasons include the individual labour's education level, skillful level and individual labour's age etc. different personal factors mainly. Otherwise, the other factors to cause wage inequality to America, it is possible to link these factors, including structural changes on the labour market to industrial dynamics, deindustralization, technology innovation changes to work nature and commercialization of micro-economic factors. So, the nature of inequalities, e.g. wage vs other types of income, it is the nature of link of different age and/or occupation groups. Thus, different countries will have different factors to cause wage or income inequality. Such as, America wage inequality is caused by the macro economic factor mainly, it focuses on structural changes on the labour markets as a consequence of industrial dynamics, deindustralization, changing technology work nature to cause America wage inequality consequently. Otherwise, Japan and China wage inequality is caused by personal education and working experiences and job market factor.Hence, (AI) can reduce the increased in the ageing population arises the wage costs of enterprises because it is not all young age workers who have effort to familiar how to operate robotics to work together in order to achieve the productive efficiencies possibly. It is possible that the older age workers who have effort to familiar hoe to operate robotics to work together in order to achieve the productive efficiencies more easily possibly. So, it can reduce the increased in the ageing population raises the wage costs chance when the organization applies robotics participation to assist workers to work in factories.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781793285843 Category : Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
This book divides two part: Artificial intelligence how raises efficiencies as well as how and why it can be influenced to bring to avoid wage inequality welfare. This book part first is concerned how to apply artificial intelligent machine or robot to raise productivive efficiency in factory. I shall assume that (AI) robotic can assist labours to raise productivities and bring raising efficiency. Then it brings these both questions as below: Research question: How to apply (AI) technology to raise labor efficiencies or productivities?Research question: Why and How (AI) technology can help employers to evaluate or measure whom has higher or lower productive efficiencies in order to evaluate the more reasonable or equal wages to every worker when it applies (AI) technology to assist labours to manufacture any products?The first part is intended to explain why and how (AI) technology and raising productivity or efficiency has close relationship. First part gives some artificial intelligence technologic concepts to indicate why and how (AI) can raise labor productive efficiency to assist labor to work in factories. This book first part is suitable to any managers have interest to learn how to apply (AI) technological productive method to achieve economic benefit in factories . In this part, the main important aim, I give examples to explain how to apply (AI) technology to raise labor productive efficiencies really.This book second part to explain why and how AI can bring advantages to organizations to reduce wage more inequality when they apply AI technology to assist labor to raise efficiencies. I shall indicate Japan, China, America three countries to explain they applied (AI) technology to assist labors to productivities, then they can raise efficiencies, even avoid the wage inequality causes. For example, why and how (AI) can reduce regular/non-regular wage gap when Japanese and Chinese manufacturing firms apply (AI) technology to raises efficiency as well as causes the wage is paid more fair to their labours. Also, I shall explain why and how any country's firm will bring more efficiency and more fair wage equality when they applied (AI) technology to assist labours to produce. Finally, I write this book aims to explain how the process of (AI) technologic robots field develops to assist employees to raise productive efficiencies. I shall indicate how and why book supplier and entertainment theme park and educational service example to explain how these service industries can apply (AI) robotic machines to assist employees whether (AI) can assist raise efficiencies as well as how and why these service industries can apply (AI) to assist teachers or entertainment service staff or warehouse book printing staff to bring the raising efficiencies benefit in order to evaluate their staffs whom has higher efficiencies or lower efficiencies to evaluate the more reasonable or equal wage consequently.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK Publisher: ISBN: 9781792912955 Category : Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
How and why (AI) technology can be applied to service industry, instead of manufacturing industry? I shall explain how (AI) technology can encourage consumption behaviors when it is applied to service industry as below. I shall apply behavioral economic theory to (AI) technology to indiate how it can enourage consumption when it is applied to service industry. At the core of behavioral economics is used psychology of economics analysis to improve economics on its own terms generating theoretical insights, making better prediction of field consumption of behavioral phenomena, and suggesting better policy to any company or government decision makers. It rejects economic theories based on utility maximization, equilibrium and efficiency. It is useful because it provides economists with a theoretical framework that can be applied to almost any form of economic ( and even non-economic) behavior to predict behavioral consumption more easily to businessmen. So, behavioral economy is different to general economy concept, it applies psychological methods to attempt to predict consumption behavior.Simpifying much assumption that are not central to the economic theory to apply to psychological behavior. Other assumption simply acknowledge human limits on computational power and self-interest. These assumptions can be considered procedurally rational because human needs to solve problems that are often so complex that who can't be solved exactly by even modern computer technology. So, if businessmen apply psychological method to predict behavioral consumption to earn the more benefits or profit, it is more reasonable to compare to apply computer methods to predict consumption behavior.Theories in behavioral economics should be judged by reality, generality and tractability concepts to apply why we ( consumers) do our behavior ( consumption of choices) from psychological analysis. We share the positivist view that the ultimate test of a theory is the accuracy of its predictions. But we also believe that better predictions are likely to result from theories with more realistic assumptions. In psychology, such as connectionist models that capture some of the essential features of neural functioning, which are based on utility maximization, yet are reaching the point where they are able to predict many judgemental and behavioral phenomena. Contrary to the positivistic view, however, businessmen ought believe that predictions of consumers' feelings ( e.g., of subjective well-being) should be an important goal to earn more profit more easily.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781092134408 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
How and why (AI) technology can be applied to service industry, instead of manufacturing industry? I shall explain how (AI) technology can encourage consumption behaviors when it is applied to service industry as below. I shall apply behavioral economic theory to (AI) technology to indiate how it can enourage consumption when it is applied to service industry. At the core of behavioral economics is used psychology of economics analysis to improve economics on its own terms generating theoretical insights, making better prediction of field consumption of behavioral phenomena, and suggesting better policy to any company or government decision makers. It rejects economic theories based on utility maximization, equilibrium and efficiency. It is useful because it provides economists with a theoretical framework that can be applied to almost any form of economic ( and even non-economic) behavior to predict behavioral consumption more easily to businessmen. So, behavioral economy is different to general economy concept, it applies psychological methods to attempt to predict consumption behavior.Simpifying much assumption that are not central to the economic theory to apply to psychological behavior. Other assumption simply acknowledge human limits on computational power and self-interest. These assumptions can be considered procedurally rational because human needs to solve problems that are often so complex that who can't be solved exactly by even modern computer technology. So, if businessmen apply psychological method to predict behavioral consumption to earn the more benefits or profit, it is more reasonable to compare to apply computer methods to predict consumption behavior.Theories in behavioral economics should be judged by reality, generality and tractability concepts to apply why we ( consumers) do our behavior ( consumption of choices) from psychological analysis. We share the positivist view that the ultimate test of a theory is the accuracy of its predictions. But we also believe that better predictions are likely to result from theories with more realistic assumptions. In psychology, such as connectionist models that capture some of the essential features of neural functioning, which are based on utility maximization, yet are reaching the point where they are able to predict many judgemental and behavioral phenomena. Contrary to the positivistic view, however, businessmen ought believe that predictions of consumers' feelings ( e.g., of subjective well-being) should be an important goal to earn more profit more easily.Most of the ideas in behavioral economics are not new. When economics first became identified as a distinct field of study, psychology didn't exist as a discipline to apply to economy subject. For example, "invisible hand" and "the wealth of Nations" which belong to theory to moral sentiments, which laid out psychological principles of individual behavior that are arguably as profound as whose economic observations. Another example, such as a simple model of social utility means that one ( consumer) or person's utility was affected by another person's, such as whose family or friends' influence why to choose to buy this product or use this service in consumption market.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK Publisher: ISBN: 9781792912092 Category : Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
Chapter FourThe reasons why and how AI can avoid wage inequality to the organization laboursWhat do wages buy? How work force responses to an efficiency wage, productivity, turnover. For example, given the choice of what cause the wage inequality of difference between the America and German employment policies. I would take the German goverment policy system for example because it is more social and human. Otherwise, I would take the America government policy system because American government understands capitalism of the free market. Such as German and America is one heavy industry manufacturing country, it is famous to manufacture car, steels, boat, etc. different steel manufacturing product. So, if robotics are popular to be used to manufacture any products which are needed to use steel to manufacture. Then, German and America factory labors who need to learn how to apply robotic to cooperate with them to manufacture any kinds of steel products more efficiently. So, it is simple that German and America heavy industry manufacturers can easily to evaluate whether wage determination to whom when every labor individual wage is needed to be raised, because he/she can cooperate with robotic to manufacture any kinds of steel products more efficiently. SO, the lower efficient labors won't ought be raised her/his wage easily. SO, roboic working participation will bring either raising efficiency to some factory workers when they can learn how to cooperate with robotic more easily or not raising efficiency to some factory workers when they can not learn how to cooperate with with robotic difficultlyHow robotic brings productive efficiency benefits to labors as these both view points as below:First, on the robotic working participation view point, I think, due to the nowadays technological development factor, we need more labours who need own highly qualified and skillful labours need to be motivated than in past employees who did not need own highly qualified and did not need motivated. Besides, in this regard, a preventative robotic working participation strategy is the best strategy to reduce the wage inequality, because the manager can apply robotic participation to every labor individual job in order to evaluate how much every worker actual ability owns either he/she can raise efficiency or he/she can not raise efficiency from robotic assistance . For example, these three countries, such as Japan, China and America were , it would be a different robotic working participation to every worker individual working matter strategy to avoid themselve any employees feel wage inequality habitually , due to none robotic participation with their jobs in their manufacturing processes.
Author: Mauro Cazzaniga Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to reshape the global economy, especially in the realm of labor markets. Advanced economies will experience the benefits and pitfalls of AI sooner than emerging market and developing economies, largely due to their employment structure focused on cognitive-intensive roles. There are some consistent patterns concerning AI exposure, with women and college-educated individuals more exposed but also better poised to reap AI benefits, and older workers potentially less able to adapt to the new technology. Labor income inequality may increase if the complementarity between AI and high-income workers is strong, while capital returns will increase wealth inequality. However, if productivity gains are sufficiently large, income levels could surge for most workers. In this evolving landscape, advanced economies and more developed emerging markets need to focus on upgrading regulatory frameworks and supporting labor reallocation, while safeguarding those adversely affected. Emerging market and developing economies should prioritize developing digital infrastructure and digital skills
Author: Jerry Kaplan Publisher: Yale University Press ISBN: 0300216416 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
An “intriguing, insightful” look at how algorithms and robots could lead to social unrest—and how to avoid it (The Economist, Books of the Year). After decades of effort, researchers are finally cracking the code on artificial intelligence. Society stands on the cusp of unprecedented change, driven by advances in robotics, machine learning, and perception powering systems that rival or exceed human capabilities. Driverless cars, robotic helpers, and intelligent agents that promote our interests have the potential to usher in a new age of affluence and leisure—but as AI expert and Silicon Valley entrepreneur Jerry Kaplan warns, the transition may be protracted and brutal unless we address the two great scourges of the modern developed world: volatile labor markets and income inequality. In Humans Need Not Apply, he proposes innovative, free-market adjustments to our economic system and social policies to avoid an extended period of social turmoil. His timely and accessible analysis of the promises and perils of AI is a must-read for business leaders and policy makers on both sides of the aisle. “A reminder that AI systems don’t need red laser eyes to be dangerous.”—Times Higher Education Supplement “Kaplan…sidesteps the usual arguments of techno-optimism and dystopia, preferring to go for pragmatic solutions to a shrinking pool of jobs.”—Financial Times
Author: Ajay Agrawal Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226833127 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
Author: Johnny Ch Lok Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781792817717 Category : Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
This book divides two part: Artificial intelligence how raises efficiencies as well as how and why it can be influenced to bring to avoid wage inequality welfare. This book part first is concerned how to apply artificial intelligent machine or robot to raise productivive efficiency in factory. I shall assume that (AI) robotic can assist labours to raise productivities and bring raising efficiency. Then it brings these both questions as below: Research question: How to apply (AI) technology to raise labor efficiencies or productivities?Research question: Why and How (AI) technology can help employers to evaluate or measure whom has higher or lower productive efficiencies in order to evaluate the more reasonable or equal wages to every worker when it applies (AI) technology to assist labours to manufacture any products?The first part is intended to explain why and how (AI) technology and raising productivity or efficiency has close relationship. First part gives some artificial intelligence technologic concepts to indicate why and how (AI) can raise labor productive efficiency to assist labor to work in factories. This book first part is suitable to any managers have interest to learn how to apply (AI) technological productive method to achieve economic benefit in factories . In this part, the main important aim, I give examples to explain how to apply (AI) technology to raise labor productive efficiencies really.This book second part to explain why and how AI can bring advantages to organizations to reduce wage more inequality when they apply AI technology to assist labor to raise efficiencies. I shall indicate Japan, China, America three countries to explain they applied (AI) technology to assist labors to productivities, then they can raise efficiencies, even avoid the wage inequality causes. For example, why and how (AI) can reduce regular/non-regular wage gap when Japanese and Chinese manufacturing firms apply (AI) technology to raises efficiency as well as causes the wage is paid more fair to their labours. Also, I shall explain why and how any country's firm will bring more efficiency and more fair wage equality when they applied (AI) technology to assist labours to produce. Finally, I write this book aims to explain how the process of (AI) technologic robots field develops to assist employees to raise productive efficiencies. I shall indicate how and why book supplier and entertainment theme park and educational service example to explain how these service industries can apply (AI) robotic machines to assist employees whether (AI) can assist raise efficiencies as well as how and why these service industries can apply (AI) to assist teachers or entertainment service staff or warehouse book printing staff to bring the raising efficiencies benefit in order to evaluate their staffs whom has higher efficiencies or lower efficiencies to evaluate the more reasonable or equal wage consequently.
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Author: Mauro Cazzaniga
Author: Jerry Kaplan
Author: Ajay Agrawal
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Author: David Isaac Schlosser