Breaking Through the Zero Lower Bound PDF Download

Author: Ruchir; Kimball Miles Agarwal
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781513569192
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Ruchir Agarwal
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513567322
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Book Description
There has been much discussion about eliminating the “zero lower bound” by eliminating paper currency. But such a radical and difficult approach as eliminating paper currency is not necessary. Much as during the Great Depression—when countries were able to revive their economies by going off the gold standard—all that is needed to empower monetary policy to cut interest rates as much as needed for economic stimulus now is to change from a paper standard to an electronic money standard, and to be willing to have paper currency go away from par. This paper develops the idea further and shows how such a mechanism can be implemented in a minimalist way by using a time-varying paper currency deposit fee between private banks and the central bank. This allows the central bank to create a crawling-peg exchange rate between paper currency and electronic money; the paper currency interest rate can be either lowered below zero or raised above zero. Such an ability to vary the paper currency interest rate along with other key interest rates, makes it possible to stimulate investment and net exports as much as needed to revive the economy, even when inflation, interest rates, and economic activity are quite low, as they are currently in many countries. The paper also examines different options available to the central bank to return to par when negative interest rates are no longer needed, and the associated implications for the financial sector and debt contracts. Finally, the paper discusses various legal, political, and economic challenges of putting in place such a framework and how policymakers could address them.

Author: Ruchir Agarwal
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484398777
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 89

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The experience of the Great Recession and its aftermath revealed that a lower bound on interest rates can be a serious obstacle for fighting recessions. However, the zero lower bound is not a law of nature; it is a policy choice. The central message of this paper is that with readily available tools a central bank can enable deep negative rates whenever needed—thus maintaining the power of monetary policy in the future to end recessions within a short time. This paper demonstrates that a subset of these tools can have a big effect in enabling deep negative rates with administratively small actions on the part of the central bank. To that end, we (i) survey approaches to enable deep negative rates discussed in the literature and present new approaches; (ii) establish how a subset of these approaches allows enabling negative rates while remaining at a minimum distance from the current paper currency policy and minimizing the political costs; (iii) discuss why standard transmission mechanisms from interest rates to aggregate demand are likely to remain unchanged in deep negative rate territory; and (iv) present communication tools that central banks can use both now and in the event to facilitate broader political acceptance of negative interest rate policy at the onset of the next serious recession.

Author: Luís Brandão Marques
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513570080
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 84

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This paper focuses on negative interest rate policies and covers a broad range of its effects, with a detailed discussion of findings in the academic literature and of broader country experiences.

Author: Andreas Jobst
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475524471
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 48

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More than two years ago the European Central Bank (ECB) adopted a negative interest rate policy (NIRP) to achieve its price stability objective. Negative interest rates have so far supported easier financial conditions and contributed to a modest expansion in credit, demonstrating that the zero lower bound is less binding than previously thought. However, interest rate cuts also weigh on bank profitability. Substantial rate cuts may at some point outweigh the benefits from higher asset values and stronger aggregate demand. Further monetary accommodation may need to rely more on credit easing and an expansion of the ECB’s balance sheet rather than substantial additional reductions in the policy rate.

Author: Laurent Ferrara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319790757
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 298

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This book collects selected articles addressing several currently debated issues in the field of international macroeconomics. They focus on the role of the central banks in the debate on how to come to terms with the long-term decline in productivity growth, insufficient aggregate demand, high economic uncertainty and growing inequalities following the global financial crisis. Central banks are of considerable importance in this debate since understanding the sluggishness of the recovery process as well as its implications for the natural interest rate are key to assessing output gaps and the monetary policy stance. The authors argue that a more dynamic domestic and external aggregate demand helps to raise the inflation rate, easing the constraint deriving from the zero lower bound and allowing monetary policy to depart from its current ultra-accommodative position. Beyond macroeconomic factors, the book also discusses a supportive financial environment as a precondition for the rebound of global economic activity, stressing that understanding capital flows is a prerequisite for economic-policy decisions.

Author: Peter J N Sinclair
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135179778
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Inflation is regarded by the many as a menace that damages business and can only make life worse for households. Keeping it low depends critically on ensuring that firms and workers expect it to be low. So expectations of inflation are a key influence on national economic welfare. This collection pulls together a galaxy of world experts (including Roy Batchelor, Richard Curtin and Staffan Linden) on inflation expectations to debate different aspects of the issues involved. The main focus of the volume is on likely inflation developments. A number of factors have led practitioners and academic observers of monetary policy to place increasing emphasis recently on inflation expectations. One is the spread of inflation targeting, invented in New Zealand over 15 years ago, but now encompassing many important economies including Brazil, Canada, Israel and Great Britain. Even more significantly, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan and the United States Federal Bank are the leading members of another group of monetary institutions all considering or implementing moves in the same direction. A second is the large reduction in actual inflation that has been observed in most countries over the past decade or so. These considerations underscore the critical – and largely underrecognized - importance of inflation expectations. They emphasize the importance of the issues, and the great need for a volume that offers a clear, systematic treatment of them. This book, under the steely editorship of Peter Sinclair, should prove very important for policy makers and monetary economists alike.

Author: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780894991967
Category : Banks and Banking
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.

Author: Avid Leonardo Sari
Publisher: European Alliance for Innovation
ISBN: 163190406X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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The International Conference on Economic, Management, Business and Accounting (ICEMBA) is a scientific forum for scholars to disseminate their research and share ideas. This conference took place at STIE Pembangunan Tanjungpinang, Indonesia, on 14 December, 2022. The ICEMBA 2022 Theme is Glocalization, Startup & Bubblenomic: Challenges, Opportunities for the Indonesian Economy. Consist of sub themes, SME Recovery, HRM, Green HRM, Green Marketing, Digital Business, E-Commerce, Brand Management, Marketing Management, Financial Management, Operational Management, Business Ethic, Management Strategy, Management of Information System, Circular Economic, Behavioral Accounting, Financial Accounting, Management Accounting, Corporate Governance, Auditing and Assurance, Financial Technology, Public Sector Accounting, SME Accounting, Tax Accounting, Disclosure, Accounting Information SLS, Green Accounting, Accountability. The ICEMBA ’s scope of the conference are ranged from but not limited to Economics, Management, Business; and Accounting. The conference invites delegates from across Indonesian and South East Asian region and beyond, and is usually attended by more than 100 participants from university academics, researchers, practitioners, teachers, students of postgraduate program and professionals across a wide range of industries.

Author: Mehmet Serdar Erciş
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527542297
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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Book Description
This collection of essays provides a readable, non-technical publication which offers a comprehensive presentation of international economics and macroeconomics issues, trends, data, and likely developments. Readers will learn about Industry 4.0, immigration, productivity and monetary policy, among other pressing topics.