Chemical Abundances in the Universe PDF Download

Author: International Astronomical Union. Symposium
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521764957
Category : Cosmic abundances
Languages : en
Pages : 518

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Book Description
Session I : Primordial nucleosynthesis and the first stars in the Universe -- Session II : First stars in the Galaxy -- Session III : Chemical abundances in the high red-shift Universe -- Session IV : Chemical abundance constraints on mass assembly and star formation in local galaxies and the Milky Way -- Session V : Extrasolar planets: the chemical abundance connection -- Session VI : Abundance surveys and projects in the era of future large telescopes.

Author: Katia Cunha
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521764957
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 496

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Book Description
IAU Symposium 265 presents a unified picture of nucleosynthesis, the production of chemical elements over cosmic time. It explains how this chemical evolution links together the early Universe of the first stars, through the formation of galaxies and their diverse populations of stars, to a Universe of heavy-element rich stars and planets. The first generation of massive stars that drove reionization left their chemical signatures imprinted in the oldest low-mass stars, which we observe today. Chemical evolution is a broad, diverse and rapidly evolving field, due to the ever-expanding capabilities delivered by new arrays of instruments on large telescopes, together with significant advances in modelling and increasing access to large and accurate nuclear, atomic, and molecular databases. Written for researchers and graduate students, the topics covered in this volume provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific progress achieved in recent years.

Author: Gerard Gilmore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400756113
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This is volume 5 of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems, a six-volume compendium of modern astronomical research, covering subjects of key interest to the main fields of contemporary astronomy. This volume on “Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations”, edited by Gerard F. Gilmore, presents accessible review chapters on Stellar Populations, Chemical Abundances as Population Tracers, Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe, The Stellar and Sub-Stellar Initial Mass Function of Simple and Composite Populations, The Galactic Nucleus, The Galactic Bulge, Open Clusters and Their Role in the Galaxy, Star Counts and the Nature of Galactic Thick Disk, The Infrared Galaxy, Interstellar PAHs and Dust, Galactic Neutral Hydrogen, High-Velocity Clouds, Magnetic Fields in Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galactic Charged Cosmic Rays, Gamma-Ray Emission of Supernova Remnants and the Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays, Galactic Distance Scales, Globular Cluster Dynamical Evolution, Dynamics of Disks and Warps, Mass Distribution and Rotation Curve in the Galaxy, Dark Matter in the Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites, and History of Dark Matter in Galaxies. All chapters of the handbook were written by practicing professionals. They include sufficient background material and references to the current literature to allow readers to learn enough about a specialty within astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology to get started on their own practical research projects. In the spirit of the series Stars and Stellar Systems published by Chicago University Press in the 1960s and 1970s, each chapter of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems can stand on its own as a fundamental review of its respective sub-discipline, and each volume can be used as a textbook or recommended reference work for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses. Advanced students and professional astronomers in their roles as both lecturers and researchers will welcome Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems as a comprehensive and pedagogical reference work on astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology.

Author: D A Williams
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782626336
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Introducing astrochemistry to a wide audience, this book describes how molecules formed in chemical reactions occur in a range of environments in interstellar and circumstellar space, from shortly after the Big Bang up to the present epoch. Stressing that chemistry in these environments needs to be driven, it helps identify these drivers and the various chemical networks that operate giving rise to signature molecules that enable the physics of the region to be better understood. The book emphasises, in a non-mathematical way, the chemistry of the Milky Way Galaxy and its planet-forming regions, describes how other galaxies may have rather different chemistries and shows how chemistry was important even in the Early Universe when most of the elements had yet to be formed. This book will appeal to anyone with a general interest in chemistry, from students to professional scientists working in interdisciplinary areas and non-scientists fascinated by the evolving and exciting story of chemistry in the cosmos.

Author: Francesca Matteucci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642224911
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237

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Book Description
The term “chemical evolution of galaxies” refers to the evolution of abundances of chemical species in galaxies, which is due to nuclear processes occurring in stars and to gas flows into and out of galaxies. This book deals with the chemical evolution of galaxies of all morphological types (ellipticals, spirals and irregulars) and stresses the importance of the star formation histories in determining the properties of stellar populations in different galaxies. The topic is approached in a didactical and logical manner via galaxy evolution models which are compared with observational results obtained in the last two decades: The reader is given an introduction to the concept of chemical abundances and learns about the main stellar populations in our Galaxy as well as about the classification of galaxy types and their main observables. In the core of the book, the construction and solution of chemical evolution models are discussed in detail, followed by descriptions and interpretations of observations of the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, spheroidal galaxies, irregular galaxies and of cosmic chemical evolution. The aim of this book is to provide an introduction to students as well as to amend our present ideas in research; the book also summarizes the efforts made by authors in the past several years in order to further future research in the field.

Author: Bernard Ephraim Julius Pagel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521840309
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 485

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Book Description
A lucid introduction for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, and an authoritative overview for researchers and professional scientists.

Author: P. A. Cox
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Book Description
Here is the first book to provide a complete natural history of the elements. This interdisciplinary guide will give the reader a broad, non-technical view of the origin of the elements, the factors controlling their abundances, and their distributions in the Earth, solar system, and universe. This unique volume is based on a series of lectures given for freshman chemistry students and will be of equal value to both undergraduates and professors in all physical sciences. It includes a broad introduction to the range of existing elements and information on their nuclear and chemical properties, as well as coverage of radioactive elements, the condensation of the elements, the elements of life and the oceans. Valuable appendix materials include coverage of elemental abundances and isotopic composition, while suggestions for further reading are provided at the end of each chapter.

Author: L. H. Ahrens
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483158152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1196

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Book Description
Origin and Distribution of the Elements, Volume 30 presents detailed studies of trace elements and isotopes and the use of these data with the techniques of physical and organic chemistry to make relevant interpretations in geology. This book discusses some of the problems of applied chemistry. Organized into five sections encompassing 89 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the theories of nucleosynthesis that are based on broad empirical foundations involving experiment in nuclear physics and observation in geophysics and astronomy. This text then explores the primeval abundance of the elements wherein the composition of the material from which the Galaxy is formed. Other chapters consider the production of helium in the galaxy. This book discusses as well the dynamics of the cores of highly evolved massive stars. The final chapter deals with the measurements of site populations in crystal structures by electron diffraction and X-ray. Physicists, astronomers, geologists, and geochemists will find this book extremely useful.

Author: S. Randich
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540341366
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391

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Book Description
This proceedings covers topics from chemical abundances in the different components of the Milky Way and in local group galaxies, via observational and theoretical papers on mixing in stars to big bang nucleosynthesis and galaxy formation and evolution. Like all volumes in the series ESO Astrophysics Symposia, this one gives a comprehensive overview of the forefront of research in this subject. It is a valuable reference for both students and researchers.

Author: Joseph Seckbach
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400710038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 387

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Book Description
The year 2003 was the 50th anniversary of the seminal experiment of Stanley Miller. This was a unique opportunity for highlighting the current interest in this most interdisciplinary subject. The leading space agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) as well as NASA, the American Space Agency, have planned missions that will elucidate some of the still unknown questions underlying research in the origin of life. New results are surpassing our ability to keep well informed: the reviews that we were presented at the Trieste meeting will bring the readers of this well-documented and timely book up to date in this fast-moving area. An important component of the conference was the review of the Cassini-Huygens mission due to arrive in the Saturn system just one year after the conference convened in Trieste. There was particular interest in the status of the experiments that will take place inside the atmosphere of Titan, the large satellite, which is a testing ground for the theories and experiments in the field of chemical evolution. The Jovian system is currently under study with the view of investigating the possibility of life underneath the frozen surface of the Galilean moon Europa; the ESA mission "Mars Express" and Mars Odyssey received special attention. Some of the world leaders in the field gathered in Trieste in September 2003 - that was a most timely date for reviewing recent data and discussing the prospects of future research.