Fascinating liquid crystals PDF Download

Author: Dietrich Demus
Publisher: Dietrich Demus
ISBN: 3833493755
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 97

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Author: Ichiro Sunagawa
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139444328
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309

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How do crystals nucleate and grow? Why and how do crystals form such a wide variety of morphologies, from polyhedral to dendritic and spherulitic forms? These are questions that have been posed since the seventeenth century, and are still of vital importance today both for modern technology, and to understand the Earth's interior and the formation of minerals by living organisms. In this book, Ichiro Sunagawa sets out clearly the atomic processes behind crystal growth, and describes case studies of complex systems from diamond, calcite and pyrite, to crystals formed through biomineralization, such as the aragonite of shells, and apatite of teeth. Essential reading for advanced graduates and researchers in mineralogy and materials science.

Author: Vincent Laude
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110302667
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 419

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Phononic crystals are artificial periodic structures that can alter efficiently the flow of sound, acoustic waves, or elastic waves. They were introduced about twenty years ago and have gained increasing interest since then, both because of their amazing physical properties and because of their potential applications. The topic of phononic crystals stands as the cross-road of physics (condensed matter physics, wave propagation in inhomogeneous and periodic media) and engineering (acoustics, ultrasonics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering). Phononic crystals cover a wide range of scales, from meter-size periodic structures for sound in air to nanometer-size structures for information processing or thermal phonon control in integrated circuits. Phononic crystals have a definite relation with the topic of photonic crystals in optics. The marriage of phononic and photonic crystals also provides a promising structural basis for enhanced sound and light interaction. As the topic is getting popular, it is nowadays presented and discussed at various international conferences. After the first ten years during which the topic has remained mainly theoretical with a few proof-of-concept demonstrations in the literature, the evolution has been towards applications, instrumentation, and novel designs. The physical explanations for various effects are now well understood and efficient numerical methods and analysis tools have been developed. The book contains a comprehensive set of finite element model (FEM) scripts for solving basic phononic crystal problems. The scripts are short, easy to read, and efficient, allowing the reader to generate for him(her)self band structures for 2D and 3D phononic crystals, to compute Bloch waves, waveguide and cavity modes, and more.

Author: E.I. Givargizov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461311411
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Book Description
Volume 20 presents the latest Russian and Ukrainian research on the three principal crystallization methods: vapor, solution, and melt. Divided into three sections, chapters focus on heterostructure formation, growth from solutions, and the preparation of a homogeneous material during melt crystallization. Topics include the manifestation of macrodefects connected with the generation of twins in HgCdTe films, mechanisms that limit the accumulation of an impurity in front of a growth step, and a new method for preparing untwinned single crystals of certain high-temperature 1-2-3 superconductors.

Author: Peter J. Collings
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9780691086729
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Author: Sergey V. Pasechnik
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527627677
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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Covering numerous practical applications as yet not covered in any single source of information, this monograph discusses the importance of viscous and elastic properties for applications in both display and non-display technologies. The very well-known authors are major players in this field of research and pay special attention here to the use of liquid crystals in fiber optic devices as applied in telecommunication circuits.

Author: Giacomo Saielli
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039210866
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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Book Description
In this book we have collected a series of state-of-the art papers written by specialists in the field of ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) to address key questions concerning the synthesis, properties, and applications of ILCs. New compounds exhibiting ionic liquid crystalline phases are presented, both of calamitic as well as discotic type. Their dynamic and structural properties have been investigated with a series of experimental techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance, impedance spectroscopy to mention but a few. Moreover, computer simulations using both fully atomistic and highly coarse-grained force fields have been presented, offering an invaluable microscopic view of the structure and dynamics of these fascinating materials.

Author: A. A. Chernov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461571162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359

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Book Description
Volumes 11 and 12 contain the papers read at the Fourth All-Union Conference on Crystal Growth in Tsakhkadzor, September 17-22, 1972; this volume contains papers on crystal growth from melts, from low-temperature solutions, hydrothermal solutions, and hot solutions, and also from the gas state, including processes involving reactions. In addition, there are papers on crystal perfection in relation to conditions of formation and the effects of electric and mag netic fields on crystallization. These papers reflect researches directed to the development and industrial production of perfect crystals required for advanced techniques in solid-state physics and chemistry, as well as for other purposes such as novel materials. There are many different scientific and technical problems in producing large perfect single crystals, and advances in this area made in the USSR and elsewhere are reflected in the papers in both volumes. On the one hand, any particular defective structure in a crystal originates from some mechanism and growth conditions; in particular, inclusions are trapped on account of the physicochemical parameters of the melt, the surface processes, and the sta bility of the growth front under particular crystallization conditions. Further, impurity trap ping is decisively influenced by the surface kinetics, growth-front stability, composition and structure of the boundary layer, any complexes present in the liquid, and (of course) the crys tallochemical relationships between the impurity and the crystal.

Author: E.G. Virga
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351405640
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Book Description
Essentially there are two variational theories of liquid crystals explained in this book. The theory put forward by Zocher, Oseen and Frank is classical, while that proposed by Ericksen is newer in its mathematical formulation although it has been postulated in the physical literature for the past two decades. The newer theory provides a better explanation of defects in liquid crystals, especially of those concentrated on lines and surfaces, which escape the scope of the classical theory. The book opens the way to the wealth of applications that will follow.

Author: Bruce Cairncross
Publisher: Penguin Random House South Africa
ISBN: 1775843343
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Book Description
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks – they make up the solid Earth’s crust. Understanding Minerals & Crystals takes a close look at minerals, how they form, why they differ and how to go about identifying them. It begins by examining the nature of atoms and the way they bind together to form minerals with distinctive crystal structures; and it discusses the nature and classification of these crystals, and includes a mineral identification key. The second part of the book contains detailed descriptions of some 80 common and important minerals, including how they were named, their properties, ID pointers, uses and where in the world they are found. All are lavishly illustrated with full-colour photographs. This book will be invaluable to those interested in any of the earth sciences, or in mineral/crystal collecting – from academics and students to general enthusiasts.