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Author: Martin H. Krieger Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation ISBN: 1610443403 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Marginalism and Discontinuity is an account of the culture of models employed in the natural and social sciences, showing how such models are instruments for getting hold of the world, tools for the crafts of knowing and deciding. Like other tools, these models are interpretable cultural objects, objects that embody traditional themes of smoothness and discontinuity, exchange and incommensurability, parts and wholes. Martin Krieger interprets the calculus and neoclassical economics, for example, as tools for adding up a smoothed world, a world of marginal changes identified by those tools. In contrast, other models suggest that economies might be sticky and ratchety or perverted and fetishistic. There are as well models that posit discontinuity or discreteness. In every city, for example, some location has been marked as distinctive and optimal; around this created differentiation, a city center and a city periphery eventually develop. Sometimes more than one model is applicable—the possibility of doom may be seen both as the consequence of a series of mundane events and as a transcendent moment. We might model big decisions or entrepreneurial endeavors as sums of several marginal decisions, or as sudden, marked transitions, changes of state like freezing or religious conversion. Once we take models and theory as tools, we find that analogy is destiny. Our experiences make sense because of the analogies or tools used to interpret them, and our intellectual disciplines are justified and made meaningful through the employment of characteristic toolkits—a physicist's toolkit, for example, is equipped with a certain set of mathematical and rhetorical models. Marginalism and Discontinuity offers a provocative and wide-ranging consideration of the technologies by which we attempt to apprehend the world. It will appeal to social and natural scientists, mathematicians and philosophers, and thoughtful educators, policymakers, and planners.
Author: Martin H. Krieger Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation ISBN: 1610443403 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Marginalism and Discontinuity is an account of the culture of models employed in the natural and social sciences, showing how such models are instruments for getting hold of the world, tools for the crafts of knowing and deciding. Like other tools, these models are interpretable cultural objects, objects that embody traditional themes of smoothness and discontinuity, exchange and incommensurability, parts and wholes. Martin Krieger interprets the calculus and neoclassical economics, for example, as tools for adding up a smoothed world, a world of marginal changes identified by those tools. In contrast, other models suggest that economies might be sticky and ratchety or perverted and fetishistic. There are as well models that posit discontinuity or discreteness. In every city, for example, some location has been marked as distinctive and optimal; around this created differentiation, a city center and a city periphery eventually develop. Sometimes more than one model is applicable—the possibility of doom may be seen both as the consequence of a series of mundane events and as a transcendent moment. We might model big decisions or entrepreneurial endeavors as sums of several marginal decisions, or as sudden, marked transitions, changes of state like freezing or religious conversion. Once we take models and theory as tools, we find that analogy is destiny. Our experiences make sense because of the analogies or tools used to interpret them, and our intellectual disciplines are justified and made meaningful through the employment of characteristic toolkits—a physicist's toolkit, for example, is equipped with a certain set of mathematical and rhetorical models. Marginalism and Discontinuity offers a provocative and wide-ranging consideration of the technologies by which we attempt to apprehend the world. It will appeal to social and natural scientists, mathematicians and philosophers, and thoughtful educators, policymakers, and planners.
Author: Martin H. Krieger Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 0253006074 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 249
Book Description
Doing Physics makes concepts of physics easier to grasp by relating them to everyday knowledge. Addressing some of the models and metaphors that physicists use to explain the physical world, Martin H. Krieger describes the conceptual world of physics by means of analogies to economics, anthropology, theater, carpentry, mechanisms such as clockworks, and machine tool design. The interaction of elementary particles or chemical species, for example, can be related to the theory of kinship—who can marry whom is like what can interact with what. Likewise, the description of physical situations in terms of interdependent particles and fields is analogous to the design of a factory with its division of labor among specialists. For the new edition, Krieger has revised the text and added a chapter on the role of mathematics and formal models in physics. Doing Physics will be of special interest to economists, political theorists, anthropologists, and sociologists as well as philosophers of science.
Author: Martin H. Krieger Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 9780226453057 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
Krieger's lucid discussions will help students of physics and applied mathematics appreciate the larger physical issues behind the mathematical details of modern physics. Historians and philosophers of science will gain deeper insights into how theoretical physicists do science, while technically advanced general readers will get a rare, behind-the-scenes glimpse into the world of modern physics.
Author: Martin H Krieger Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814571865 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
Doing Mathematics discusses some ways mathematicians and mathematical physicists do their work and the subject matters they uncover and fashion. The conventions they adopt, the subject areas they delimit, what they can prove and calculate about the physical world, and the analogies they discover and employ, all depend on the mathematics — what will work out and what won't. The cases studied include the central limit theorem of statistics, the sound of the shape of a drum, the connections between algebra and topology, and the series of rigorous proofs of the stability of matter. The many and varied solutions to the two-dimensional Ising model of ferromagnetism make sense as a whole when they are seen in an analogy developed by Richard Dedekind in the 1880s to algebraicize Riemann's function theory; by Robert Langlands' program in number theory and representation theory; and, by the analogy between one-dimensional quantum mechanics and two-dimensional classical statistical mechanics. In effect, we begin to see "an identity in a manifold presentation of profiles," as the phenomenologists would say. This second edition deepens the particular examples; it describe the practical role of mathematical rigor; it suggests what might be a mathematician's philosophy of mathematics; and, it shows how an "ugly" first proof or derivation embodies essential features, only to be appreciated after many subsequent proofs. Natural scientists and mathematicians trade physical models and abstract objects, remaking them to suit their needs, discovering new roles for them as in the recent case of the Painlevé transcendents, the Tracy-Widom distribution, and Toeplitz determinants. And mathematics has provided the models and analogies, the ordinary language, for describing the everyday world, the structure of cities, or God's infinitude. Contents:IntroductionConvention: How Means and Variances are Entrenched as StatisticsSubject: The Fields of TopologyAppendix: The Two-Dimensional Ising Model of a FerromagnetCalculation: Strategy, Structure, and Tactics in Applying Classical AnalysisAnalogy: A Syzygy Between a Research Program in Mathematics and a Research Program in PhysicsIn Concreto: The City of MathematicsAppendices:The Spontaneous Magnetization of a Two-Dimensional Ising Model (C N Yang)On the Dirac and Schwinger Corrections to the Ground-State Energy of an Atom (C Fefferman and L A Seco)Sur la Forme des Espaces Topologiques et sur les Points Fixes des Représentations (J Leray)Une Lettre à Simone Weil (A Weil) Readership: Mathematicians, physicists, philosophers and historians of science. Keywords:Means and Variances;Topology;SyzygyReviews: Reviews of the First Edition: "The book Doing Mathematics, by Martin Krieger is truly a masterpiece. He has not only explained ways of doing mathematical work to aspiring mathematicians and the intelligent laymen, but has also shown how various pieces of research work are related to each other. Even experts may not have realized such inter-relations. The cases studied include, especially, the stability of matter and the Ising model, two topics of great depth. Such clear explanations cannot be found anywhere else. Furthermore, his style of writing makes the book exceptionally enjoyable to read." T T Wu Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics Professor of Physics, Harvard University, USA "This is the first time I have seen a mathematician deal substantively with the issue of mathematics as culturally based, and he does it superbly and mathematically … Although this book is no easy read, it is well worth the effort, and I am sure it will stimulate and inform, perhaps even surprise, the most sophisticated of mathematical readers. It is refreshing to find such a book being published." Mathematical Reviews "Both challenging and provocative reading, Doing Mathematics sheds bright light on some of the main characteristics of the mathematical quest." Library of Science "Krieger has made some effort to accommodate different levels of readers; for example, structuring his text so that lay readers are alerted to sections that can be safely skipped and paragraphs that provide nontechnical summaries." Mathematical Association of America
Author: Siegfried Hecker Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461207770 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 284
Book Description
This collection represents a unique undertaking in scientific publishing to honor Nick Metropolis, the last survivor of the World War II Manhattan Project in Los Alamos. In this volume, some of the leading scientists and humanists of our time have contributed essays related to their respective disciplines, exploring various aspects of future developments in science and society, philosophy, national security, nuclear power, pure and applied mathematics, physics and biology, particle physics, computing, and information science.
Author: Greg Hise Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 9780520224148 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
"Eden by Design is a compelling and fascinating description of a possible Los Angeles that never came to be. Greg Hise and William Deverell have resurrected the Olmsted Brothers' 1930 plan for Los Angeles County, and then, in a wonderful introduction, put the plan in context so that to read it now is to see not only what seemed dangerous and possible in 1930 but also how and why one route to the present was chosen over others. In their hands, the plan acts like a ghost of Los Angeles, reminding us about a vanished past, lost possibilities, and the secrets that our present masks."--Richard White, author of The Organic Machine "The Report is not only a vital document in the history of Los Angeles . . . but a lost classic of a neglected golden age of city planning and landscape architecture. . . . It embodies a truly regional perspective; an ecological perspective; a long-range vision; an integration of design with finance and administration; and a truly grand interpretation of public space. It deserves to be known to every serious student of the American planning tradition."--Robert Fishman, author of Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia "An essential document for understanding the history of the West's largest city. Los Angeles had the opportunity to become an extraordinarily beautiful environment, a Paris in the desert. The editors make clear why, sadly, it did not; but also they hold out hope that portions of this brilliant but neglected plan might still be recovered."--Donald Worster, author of Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas "A welcome addition to the literature of American urban planning history."--Roger Montgomery, Professor of Architecture Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley
Author: Michael A. Vargas Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 900420315X Category : Religion Languages : en Pages : 363
Book Description
Audacious transgressors, rebellious sowers of discord, a brood of vipers – so leaders of the Order of Preachers described their own men. This lively study of costly corporate successes and failed reforms restores to the late medieval friars their complex humanity.
Author: Niraj Verma Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 9780739100004 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 206
Book Description
In this groundbreaking work, Niraj Verma goes beyond the criticism of rationality to present a bold alternative model of inquiry--a new rationality for the professions. Inspired by the work of pragmatist William Jones, Verma proposes a methodology that fuses the rational and the irrational to offer professionals an approach to inquiry that more completely examines the factors that impact the planning process in a practical, systematic way. The new rationlity is systemic and so values similarities more that differences, connectivity more that fungibility, and purposes and ends more that causes and mechanisms.
Author: Adele E. Clarke Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400863139 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 378
Book Description
This volume examines scientific practice through studies of research tools in an array of twentieth-century life sciences. The contributors draw upon and extend the multidisciplinary perspectives in current science studies to understand the processes through which scientific researchers constructed the right--and, in some cases, the wrong--tools for the job. The articles portray the crafting or accessing of specific materials, techniques, instruments, models, funds, and work arrangements involved in doing scientific work. They demonstrate the historical and local contingencies of scientific problem construction and solving by highlighting the articulation between the tools and jobs. Indeed, the very "rightness" of the tools is contingently constructed, maintained, lost, and refashioned. The cases examined include evolutionary biology laboratory systems (James R. Griesemer), the plasmid prep procedure in molecular biology (Kathleen Jordan and Michael Lynch), models in the human ecology of African pastoralists (Peter Taylor), the micromanometer in metabolic studies (Frederic L. Holmes), genetics research and the role played by Planaria (Gregg Mitman and Anne Fausto-Sterling) and by corn (Barbara A. Kimmelman), quantitative data in field biology (Yrj Haila), taxidermy in natural history (Susan Leigh Star), technical standardization in bacteriology (Patricia Peck Gossell), and the discipline of immunology as the tool for stabilizing conceptual definitions in the field (Peter Keating, Alberto Cambrosio, and Michael Mackenzie). Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Martin H. Krieger
Author: Martin H. Krieger
Author: Martin H. Krieger
Author: Martin H. Krieger
Author: Martin H. Krieger
Author: Martin H Krieger
Author: Siegfried Hecker
Author: Greg Hise
Author: Michael A. Vargas
Author: Niraj Verma
Author: Adele E. Clarke