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Author: Richard W. Ojakangas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Geology Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
The Early Proterozoic Michigamme Formation of northern Michigan was deposited in the southeastern part of the Animikie basin. The formation conformably overlies the Goodrich Quartzite and comprises three widespread members a lower member of thin-bedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone; the Bijiki Iron-formation Member; and an upper member of tur- biditic graywacke, siltstone, and mudstone and a few local members. The Goodrich Quartzite is interpreted as having been deposited in a tidally influenced shallow marine environ- ment. The lower member of the Michigamme is interpreted as having been deposited in a tidally influenced environment, the iron-formation member as having been deposited below wave base in somewhat deeper water, and the upper member as having been deposited in still deeper water with turbidity currents being a major depositional mechanism. Several lines of evidence including paleocurrents, paleo- geographic setting, and neodymium isotopes suggest that the graywacke of the southern part of the outcrop area was derived from the south (Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes, Archean miniplates, and older Early Proterozoic sedimentary units formed on the continental margin), and that the graywacke in the northern area was derived from an Archean terrane to the north. The tectonic model that best fits the available data is a northward-migrating foreland basin.
Author: Richard W. Ojakangas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Geology Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
The Early Proterozoic Michigamme Formation of northern Michigan was deposited in the southeastern part of the Animikie basin. The formation conformably overlies the Goodrich Quartzite and comprises three widespread members a lower member of thin-bedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone; the Bijiki Iron-formation Member; and an upper member of tur- biditic graywacke, siltstone, and mudstone and a few local members. The Goodrich Quartzite is interpreted as having been deposited in a tidally influenced shallow marine environ- ment. The lower member of the Michigamme is interpreted as having been deposited in a tidally influenced environment, the iron-formation member as having been deposited below wave base in somewhat deeper water, and the upper member as having been deposited in still deeper water with turbidity currents being a major depositional mechanism. Several lines of evidence including paleocurrents, paleo- geographic setting, and neodymium isotopes suggest that the graywacke of the southern part of the outcrop area was derived from the south (Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes, Archean miniplates, and older Early Proterozoic sedimentary units formed on the continental margin), and that the graywacke in the northern area was derived from an Archean terrane to the north. The tectonic model that best fits the available data is a northward-migrating foreland basin.
Author: Paul Kibler Sims Publisher: ISBN: Category : Faults (Geology) Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
The Early Proterozoic Michigamme Formation of northern Michigan was deposited in the southeastern part of the Animikie basin. The formation conformably overlies the Goodrich Quartzite and comprises three widespread members a lower member of thin-bedded shale, siltstone, and sandstone; the Bijiki Iron-formation Member; and an upper member of tur- biditic graywacke, siltstone, and mudstone and a few local members. The Goodrich Quartzite is interpreted as having been deposited in a tidally influenced shallow marine environ- ment. The lower member of the Michigamme is interpreted as having been deposited in a tidally influenced environment, the iron-formation member as having been deposited below wave base in somewhat deeper water, and the upper member as having been deposited in still deeper water with turbidity currents being a major depositional mechanism. Several lines of evidence including paleocurrents, paleo- geographic setting, and neodymium isotopes suggest that the graywacke of the southern part of the outcrop area was derived from the south (Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes, Archean miniplates, and older Early Proterozoic sedimentary units formed on the continental margin), and that the graywacke in the northern area was derived from an Archean terrane to the north. The tectonic model that best fits the available data is a northward-migrating foreland basin.
Author: Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0080983006 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 17318
Book Description
This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Author: J. S. Klasner Publisher: ISBN: Category : Geology Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Evidence for Early Proterozoic north-verging folding and thrusting in the continental foreland of the Penokean orogen is present in two widely separated areas in northern Michigan. In the eastern part of the exposed orogen, asymmetric to over-turned folds in the Early Proterozoic Michigamme Formation suggest an initial (D1) phase of possibly north verging thin-skinned deformation. A second phase (D2 ) is characterized by a more thick skinned deformation consisting of northward thrusting of Archean gneiss and overlying Early Proterozoic quartzite along ductile thrust faults. Crosscutting shear zones indicate a third phase (D3 ) of deformation involving east- northeast thrusting of Archean gneiss. Thick-skinned deformation D2 and D3 phases include spaced fracture cleavage, kink folds, and lineations in D1, foliation surfaces. Near the west end of the exposed orogen in Michigan, bedding-cleavage relationships in the Early Proterozoic Tyler Formation also indicate northward tectonic transport. These structures, which are interpreted as D1 lie along the north edge of the Archean Puritan batholith and associated Archean greenstone. The north-verging structures in the northern Michigan segment of the Penokean orogen were formed approximately 1,850 Ma during collision of the Wisconsin magmatic terranes with the continental foreland of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
Author: Richard W. Ojakangas
Author: Richard W. Ojakangas
Author: Richard W. Ojakangas
Author: 
Author: Paul Kibler Sims
Author: James D. Miller
Author: 
Author: Geological Survey (U.S.)
Author: 
Author: J. S. Klasner
Author: