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Author: Paul Dickson Publisher: Courier Dover Publications ISBN: 0486837246 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
Based on extensive research, this highly praised history recounts the 1932 march on Washington by 15,000 World War I veterans and the protest's role in the transformation of American society. "Recommended." — Library Journal.
Author: Paul Dickson Publisher: Courier Dover Publications ISBN: 0486837246 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
Based on extensive research, this highly praised history recounts the 1932 march on Washington by 15,000 World War I veterans and the protest's role in the transformation of American society. "Recommended." — Library Journal.
Author: Paul Dickson Publisher: Courier Dover Publications ISBN: 0486848353 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
Based on extensive research, this highly praised history recounts the 1932 march on Washington by 15,000 World War I veterans and the protest's role in the transformation of American society. "Recommended." — Library Journal.
Author: Paul Dickson Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA ISBN: 0802719368 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 386
Book Description
In the summer of 1932, at the height of the Depression, some forty-five thousand veterans of World War I descended on Washington, D.C., from all over the country to demand the bonus promised them eight years earlier for their wartime service. President Herbert Hoover, Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur, and others feared the protesters would turn violent after the Senate defeated the "bonus bill" that the House had passed. On July 28, 1932, tanks rolled through the streets as MacArthur's troops evicted the bonus marchers: Newspapers and newsreels showed graphic images of American soldiers driving out their former comrades in arms. Through seminal research, including interviews with the last surviving witnesses, Paul Dickson and Thomas B. Allen tell the full and dramatic story of the Bonus Army and of the many celebrated figures involved in it: Evalyn Walsh McLean, the owner of the hope diamond, sided with the marchers; Roy Wilkins saw the model for racial integration here; J. Edgar Hoover built his reputation against the Bonus Army radicals; a young Gore Vidal witnessed the crisis while John dos Passos, Sherwood Anderson, and Sinclair Lewis wrote about it. Dickson and Allen also recover the voices of ordinary men who dared tilt at powerful injustice, and who ultimately transformed the nation: The march inspired Congress to pass the G. I. Bill of Rights in 1944, one of the most important pieces of social legislation in our history, which in large part created America's middle class. The Bonus Army is an epic story in the saga of our country.
Author: Charles River Charles River Editors Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781530067831 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
*Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the Bonus Army written by members and eyewitnesses *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "On a day in June, 1932, I saw a dusty automobile truck roll slowly past my house. I saw the unshaven, tired faces of the men who were riding in it standing up. A few were seated at the rear with their legs dangling over the lowered tailboard. On the side of the truck was an expanse of white cloth on which, crudely lettered in black, was a legend, BONUS ARMY." - Evalyn Walsh McLean, Father Struck it Rich (1936) Throughout its history, the United States, like most other countries, has faced the challenge of how to properly reward those have risked, and often given, their lives to defend it. Should they be treated as professionals who were just doing a job? What about those who were drafted, many of whom fought against their own will (or at least preference)? Could anyone really pay them for giving up years of their lives for others? If so, how much was enough to pay a man who had left a comfortable home to live in mud and near starvation? As tough as such questions are in the 21st century age of the professional army, they were that much more complex in the past. One of the main questions that fueled the fire of discontent in the 1920s and 1930s was the issue of military bonuses, that is, extra pay for the difference between what a man earned as a soldier while serving his country and what he might have otherwise earned. This issue remained a bone of contention over the decades that followed and turned up again and again every time the United States went to war. Perhaps because the war lasted such a short time, the veterans of the Spanish-American War, fought over three months in the summer of 1898, did not receive any bonuses. However, this decision came back to haunt the nation decades later when World War I ended. The men who had sailed to Europe to defend American allies from German advances received $60 in the form of bonuses, leading to a public outcry against the government's stinginess. After all, these men were not even defending their own families and loved ones from attack but were protecting foreign governments. Why, many wondered, should their loved ones suffer from the wages lost on European shores? The unrest culminated in one of the most controversial protests of the 20th century, that organized by the Bonus Army in Washington, D.C. in the spring and summer of 1932. The Bonus Army consisted mostly of World War I veterans who were seeking to redeem bonus certificates from the World War Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924, which had stipulated that they could not be redeemed until 1945. Unfortunately, the economic plight had left so many of them struggling that they were seeking the vitally necessary money right away. Tens of thousands of World War I veterans came to the capital with virtually nothing and erected makeshift camps, all but waiting for a reward. Eventually, what they got was violence, meted out by one of America's most famous generals: Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur. After the Bonus Army began camping out in Washington D.C., ironically using supplies that MacArthur himself had issued to them, Washington grew impatient with their demands and politicians started calling for their forced expulsion. When police confronted the Bonus Army, shots were fired and several veterans were killed. After that, Hoover ordered MacArthur to use the military. Certainly he imagined the "Bonus Army" as some kind of communist front, and certainly he came close to exceeding President Hoover's orders. Fortunately however, casualties were light, with one fatality, in contrast to the half dozen killed the day before by the police. Nevertheless, the sight of soldiers marching on old veterans and inflicting violence upon them was a public relations fiasco, and MacArthur has long been criticized for the actions.
Author: Charles Sheehan-Miles Publisher: Cincinnatus Press ISBN: 1632020106 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
In the summer of 1932, General Douglas MacArthur led regular United States Army troops into the streets of Washington, D.C. to evict more than ten thousand veterans of the Great War from the streets of Washington. This is the story of those veterans, told by one of their number. Walter W. Waters, a World War I Army sergeant, set out from Portland, Oregon with 300 other veterans in 1932 to petition Congress for early payment of the bonus promised to veterans of the World War. With the Great Depression at its height, these men crossed the county on freight trains, then lived in shacks and abandoned buildings in Washington while seeking to improve their circumstances. This is their story, told by one of their own.
Author: Roger Daniels Publisher: Praeger ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
The status of the veteran and the nature of the American political system are examined as an historian studies the 1932 march on Washington. The marchers were often called the Bonus Army.
Author: Stephen R. Ortiz Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 0814762689 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
Reveals that veterans actively organized in the years following the war to claim state benefits and strove to articulate a role for themselves as a distinct political bloc during the New Deal era.
Author: Paul Dickson
Author: Paul Dickson
Author: Paul Dickson
Author: Paul Dickson
Author: Julia Emily Johnsen
Author: Charles River Charles River Editors
Author: Charles Sheehan-Miles
Author: Roger Daniels
Author: Stephen R. Ortiz
Author: Library of Congress. Division of Bibliography
Author: New Jersey. Soldiers' Bonus Commission