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Author: Kathryn Steen Publisher: UNC Press Books ISBN: 1469612917 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
Prior to 1914, Germany dominated the worldwide production of synthetic organic dyes and pharmaceuticals like aspirin. When World War I disrupted the supply of German chemicals to the United States, American entrepreneurs responded to the shortages and high prices by trying to manufacture chemicals domestically. Learning the complex science and industry, however, posed a serious challenge. This book explains how the United States built a synthetic organic chemicals industry in World War I and the 1920s. Kathryn Steen argues that Americans' intense anti-German sentiment in World War I helped to forge a concentrated effort among firms, the federal government, and universities to make the United States independent of "foreign chemicals." Besides mobilization efforts to make high explosives and war gases, federal policies included protective tariffs, gathering and publishing market information, and, most dramatically, confiscation of German-owned chemical subsidiaries and patents. Meanwhile, firms and universities worked hard to develop scientific and manufacturing expertise. Against a backdrop of hostilities and intrigue, Steen shows how chemicals were deeply entwined with national and international politics and policy during the war and subsequent isolationism of the turbulent early twentieth century.
Author: Kathryn Steen Publisher: UNC Press Books ISBN: 1469612917 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
Prior to 1914, Germany dominated the worldwide production of synthetic organic dyes and pharmaceuticals like aspirin. When World War I disrupted the supply of German chemicals to the United States, American entrepreneurs responded to the shortages and high prices by trying to manufacture chemicals domestically. Learning the complex science and industry, however, posed a serious challenge. This book explains how the United States built a synthetic organic chemicals industry in World War I and the 1920s. Kathryn Steen argues that Americans' intense anti-German sentiment in World War I helped to forge a concentrated effort among firms, the federal government, and universities to make the United States independent of "foreign chemicals." Besides mobilization efforts to make high explosives and war gases, federal policies included protective tariffs, gathering and publishing market information, and, most dramatically, confiscation of German-owned chemical subsidiaries and patents. Meanwhile, firms and universities worked hard to develop scientific and manufacturing expertise. Against a backdrop of hostilities and intrigue, Steen shows how chemicals were deeply entwined with national and international politics and policy during the war and subsequent isolationism of the turbulent early twentieth century.
Author: United States International Trade Commis Publisher: Palala Press ISBN: 9781342132406 Category : Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: United States International Trade Commis Publisher: Palala Press ISBN: 9781342134530 Category : Languages : en Pages : 78
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: U. S. International Trade Commission Publisher: Forgotten Books ISBN: 9781396673733 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
Excerpt from Synthetic Organic Chemicals Each of the 15 sections is headed by a summary of the statistical data. The first table in each section gives statistics on products and groups of products in as great detail as is possible without revealing the operations of individual producers; Statistics for an individual chemical or group of chemicals are given only when there are three or more producers, no one or two of which may be predominant. Moreover, even when there are three or more producers, statistics are not given if there is any possibility that their publication would violate the statutory provisions relating to unlawful disclosure of information accepted in confidence by the Commission.' Data are reported by producers for only those items where the volume of production or sales or value of sales exceeds certain minimums. Those minimums for_ all sections are pounds of production or sales or of value of sales with the following exceptions: Plastics and resin materials pounds or pigments, medicinal chemicals, flavor and perfume materials, and rubber-processing chemicals pounds or They are usually given in terms of undiluted materials; however, products of 95 percent or greater purity are considered to be 100 percent pure. Commercial concentrations are applicable for dyes, certain plastics and resins, and a few solvents; such concentrations are specifically noted. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Kathryn Steen
Author: Kathryn Steen
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Author: United States Tariff Commission
Author: 
Author: United States Tariff Commission
Author: Schachno Peisach Schotz
Author: United States International Trade Commis
Author: United States International Trade Commis
Author: U. S. International Trade Commission
Author: