The Slow Growth of Ice Crystals in Water PDF Download

Author: Samuel C. Colbeck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frazil ice
Languages : en
Pages : 20

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Author: Bruce W. Tharp
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
ISBN: 1932078681
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 411

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Book Description
This volume is at once an all-inclusive guide to the meaning of hundreds of technical terms and ideas needed for ice cream manufacturing, as well as a practical introduction to the ingredients, freezing methods, flavoring, and packaging of ice cream, sherbet, sorbet, gelato, frozen yogurts, nov- elties and many other kinds of frozen desserts. In dozens of longer entries and short essays, as well as with original quantitative tables and graphs, the authors explain the chemistry and controllable variables of all phases of ice cream production, e.g., dairy and non-dairy ingredients, crystallization, overrun, equipment, coloring, test and tasting protocols and much more. With its helpful system of cross-referencing, the book offers step-by-step details on what must be done to create high-quality, successful products - with pointers on how to avoid dozens of specific defects that can occur during manufacturing, such as icy texture and sandiness. The authors also offer original information for ex- tending product lines and creating new (e.g., health-oriented and hybrid) products.

Author: John Hawthorn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483154629
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 470

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Book Description
Low Temperature Biology of Foodstuffs describes the concept of low temperature biology and its application in the food industry. This book is divided into 23 chapters and begins with descriptions of several low temperature processes, such as nucleation, ice crystal growth, and freezing. The succeeding chapters deal with the protective mechanisms in frost-hardy plants, the physico-chemical changes in foods during freezing and storage, and the influence of cold storage, freezing, and thawing microbial and population of several foodstuffs. These topics are followed by discussions of the principles of freezing and low-temperature storage of fruit and vegetables. Other chapters explore the process of gelation, the freezing and frozen storage of fish muscle and meat. The final chapters look into the subjective evaluations of frozen food quality, including their physico-chemical properties. This book will prove useful to food scientists and manufacturers.

Author: Harindra Joseph Fernando
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439816697
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 638

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Book Description
With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles. It starts with general topics that emphasize the relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. It then discusses established and emerging focus areas. The volume also examines the sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions, with emphasis on turbulent motions and their role in heat, momentum, and species transport. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This volume is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand the fundamentals of environmental motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities. See also Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set and Volume Two: Systems, Pollution, Modeling, and Measurements.

Author: United States. Office of Saline Water
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 808

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 718

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Author: United States. Office of Saline Water
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 608

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Author: Per Ekwall
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483273016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Book Description
Surface Chemistry presents the proceedings of the Second Scandinavian Symposium on Surface Activity, held in Stockholm, Sweden on November 18–19, 1964. This book discusses the important applications of surface chemistry in many problems of both fundamental and applied research. Organized into 25 chapters, this compilation of papers begins with an overview of the adsorption of mixed collector systems onto minerals chosen for their different surface energies. This text then describes the bonding of amine to the reactive residual matter on the mineral surface. Other chapters consider the solubilities of some 30 hormonal steroids in aqueous solutions of three association colloids of various types. This book discusses as well the relationships between chemical structure and biological degradation of surfactants. The final chapter deals with several properties of aqueous emulsions and of foam, which are determined by the stability of thin aqueous films against rupture. This book is a valuable resource for chemists.

Author: Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316712443
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
This research volume outlines the scientific foundations that are central to our current understanding of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals. It also demonstrates how data from satellite remote sensing of cirrus clouds can be combined with radiation parameterizations in climate models to estimate the role of these clouds in temperature and precipitation responses to climate change. Providing a balanced treatment of the fundamentals and applications, this book synthesizes the authors' own work, as well as that of other leading researchers in this area. Numerous illustrations are included, including three-dimensional schematics, to provide a concise discussion of the subject and enable easy visualization of the key concepts. This book is intended for active researchers and advanced graduate students in atmospheric science, climatology, and remote sensing, as well as scholars in related fields such as ice microphysics, electromagnetic wave propagation, geometric optics, radiative transfer and cloud-climate interactions.

Author: Das
Publisher: Asian Books Private Limited
ISBN: 9788186299784
Category : Food industry and trade
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
The Book Tries To Make The Reader Understand The Food Processing Operations Through A Comprehensive Numerical Problem.Understanding Of The Operations Becomes Deeper When The Reader Solves The Exersise Problems Given Under Each Of The Operations. Answer To Most Of The Numerical Problems Have Been Provided In The Book. The Proposed Book Is Unique As It Includes (I) Comprehensive Numerical Problem Based On Actual Data Taken During Food Processing Operations (Ii) Mathematical Modelling Of The Processing Operations (Iii) Solutions Of The Numerical Problem Based On Mathematical Models Developed (Iv) Exersise Problems And (V) Inclusion Of Matlab Program In The Book. The Program Will Help The Reader To Find Out The Value Of The Responces As Affected By Varying The Independent Variables To Different Levels.Most Of The Materials Havebeen Class Tested Through The Teaching Of The Subjects. E.G., Food Processing Operations, Transfer Processes In Food Materials And Food Process Modelling And Evaluation. Content Highlights : - Part-I : Mechanical Operations : Size Reduction And Practice Size Analysis# High Pressure Homoginization. # Flexible Packaging And Shelf Life Prediction# Modified Atmosphere Packaging And Storage. # Single Screw Extrusion. # Seperation Of Liquids In Disk Type Centrifugal Seperator. # Seperation And Convaying On Oscillating Tray Surface. # Solid MixingsPart-Ii : Thermal Operations : Comparing Saturated And Flue Gas As Heat Transfer Media. # Liquid Heating In Plate Heat Exchanger. # Liquid Heating In Helical Tube Heat Exchanger. # Air Heating In Extended Surface Heat Exchanger. # In-Bottle Serialization. # Fluid Bed Freezing. # Concentration In Raising Film Evaporator. # Concentration In Falling Film Multistage Mechanical Vapour Recompression Evaporator. # Concentration In Scraped Surface Evaporator. # Osmo-Concentration In Fruit Solid. # Differential And Flash Distillation. # Air-Recirculatory Tray Drying. # Vaccum Drying. # Spray Drying. # Freeze Drying. # Hot Air Puffing.Part-Iii : Experimentation And Optimization : Empirical Model Development# Sensory Evaluation Using Fuzzy Logic. # Index