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Author: Groupe de reflexion sur l'approche biographique (Paris) Publisher: INED ISBN: 2733260065 Category : Biography Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Individuals experience a variety of different events throughout their life-course - birth, marriage, change of employment, school graduation, etc. - which sometimes occur in rapid succession, and whose timing and definition may seem unclear. Now that survey questionnaires are able to record individual trajectories in greater depth, changes of status can no longer be viewed simply as separate events, but involve a transition process of variable duration. The observation, modelling and interpretation of these fuzzy thresholds between two situations constitute a dynamic field of research in the social sciences. The authors of this manual have pooled their experience of event-history data collection to address the questions of "focus", i.e. finding the right observation distance to grasp the complexity of life histories, and of time, i.e. choosing the right timescale of detailed information collection. After analysing the links between quantitative and qualitative data, addressing the distinction between facts and perceptions, and deconstructing analysis data categories, they offer a number of conceptual and methodological solutions. This study extends beyond the scope of specific examples to develop a major empirical approach in a still largely unexplored area. This book targets a much broader audience than the community of demographers alone. It concerns everyone in the field of social sciences who, at one moment or another, is required to organize data collection in the field, either for research or practical purposes. The Groupe de réflexion sur l'approche biographique (GRAB) brings together researchers and academics from a range of institutions (INED, IRD, CNRS, etc.) working in a variety of disciplines: demography, geography, sociology, economics, etc. It is building on the experience acquired through 25 event-history surveys conducted to date in France, Africa and Latin America.
Author: Groupe de reflexion sur l'approche biographique (Paris) Publisher: INED ISBN: 2733260065 Category : Biography Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Individuals experience a variety of different events throughout their life-course - birth, marriage, change of employment, school graduation, etc. - which sometimes occur in rapid succession, and whose timing and definition may seem unclear. Now that survey questionnaires are able to record individual trajectories in greater depth, changes of status can no longer be viewed simply as separate events, but involve a transition process of variable duration. The observation, modelling and interpretation of these fuzzy thresholds between two situations constitute a dynamic field of research in the social sciences. The authors of this manual have pooled their experience of event-history data collection to address the questions of "focus", i.e. finding the right observation distance to grasp the complexity of life histories, and of time, i.e. choosing the right timescale of detailed information collection. After analysing the links between quantitative and qualitative data, addressing the distinction between facts and perceptions, and deconstructing analysis data categories, they offer a number of conceptual and methodological solutions. This study extends beyond the scope of specific examples to develop a major empirical approach in a still largely unexplored area. This book targets a much broader audience than the community of demographers alone. It concerns everyone in the field of social sciences who, at one moment or another, is required to organize data collection in the field, either for research or practical purposes. The Groupe de réflexion sur l'approche biographique (GRAB) brings together researchers and academics from a range of institutions (INED, IRD, CNRS, etc.) working in a variety of disciplines: demography, geography, sociology, economics, etc. It is building on the experience acquired through 25 event-history surveys conducted to date in France, Africa and Latin America.
Author: Dries Daems Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000344738 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Social Complexity and Complex Systems in Archaeology turns to complex systems thinking in search of a suitable framework to explore social complexity in Archaeology. Social complexity in archaeology is commonly related to properties of complex societies such as states, as opposed to so-called simple societies such as tribes or chiefdoms. These conceptualisations of complexity are ultimately rooted in Eurocentric perspectives with problematic implications for the field of archaeology. This book provides an in-depth conceptualisation of social complexity as the core concept in archaeological and interdisciplinary studies of the past, integrating approaches from complex systems thinking, archaeological theory, social practice theory, and sustainability and resilience science. The book covers a long-term perspective of social change and stability, tracing the full cycle of complexity trajectories, from emergence and development to collapse, regeneration and transformation of communities and societies. It offers a broad vision on social complexity as a core concept for the present and future development of archaeology. This book is intended to be a valuable resource for students and scholars in the field of archaeology and related disciplines such as history, anthropology, sociology, as well as the natural sciences studying human-environment interactions in the past.
Author: Reggiani, Aura Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1839100591 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 640
Book Description
This ground-breaking Handbook presents a state-of-the-art exploration of entropy, complexity and spatial dynamics from fundamental theoretical, empirical and methodological perspectives. It considers how foundational theories can contribute to new advances, including novel modeling and empirical insights at different sectoral, spatial and temporal scales.
Author: Marco Iamoni Publisher: Harrassowitz ISBN: 9783447106900 Category : Copper age Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This volume is the result of a workshop that was organised by Salam Al-Quntar and the editor of the present proceedings on June 11, 2014 during the 9th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (ICAANE) in Basel, Switzerland. The workshop?s aim was to stimulate colleagues studying the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in Mesopotamia to present papers investigating the development of human societies during the 6th?4th millennia BC in Upper Mesopotamia. Of specific interest was the analysis of the ?socio-economic complexity? phenomenon. The ten contributions that compose the volume propose conclusions that go beyond such rigid subdivisions. Many of them present the most recent data from key research projects currently ongoing in Upper Mesopotamia. Therefore this volume offers an updated view of the crucial changes that characterised the region throughout the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods.
Author: Shimon Edelman Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing ISBN: 9027213542 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Given that a representational system's phenomenal experience must be intrinsic to it and must therefore arise from its own temporal dynamics, consciousness is best understood indeed, can only be understood as being in time. Despite that, it is still acceptable for theories of consciousness to be summarily exempted from addressing the temporality of phenomenal experience. The chapters comprising this book represent a collective attempt on the part of their authors to redress this aberration. The diverse treatments of phenomenal consciousness range in their methodology from philosophy, through surveys and synthesis of behavioral and neuroscientific findings, to computational analysis. This collection's broad scope and integrative approach, characterized by the view of the brain as a dynamical system that computes the mind's representation space, will be of interest to researchers, instructors, and students in the cognitive sciences wishing to acquaint themselves with the current thinking in consciousness research. Series B.
Author: Georg Franz Weber Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1527573982 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
This book explores how we may overcome categorizations and opposites in how we explain all existence. It places such ideas into the context of existing complexity paradigms. Research into complex systems has revolutionized virtually all areas of inquiry over the past half century. The algorithms of non-linear systems research have enabled us to unify descriptions of the world that were distinct under traditional, reductionist explorations. It is the beauty of complexity that it brings together various scientific fields that, in the past, were treated as separate entities under specialized study. They are now found to be governed by the same laws of non-linearity. However, this achievement comes at the price of abstraction and open-endedness. The book is motivated by the philosophical desire to eliminate categorizations and opposites in the sciences and arrive at a unified description of nature and society. To the reader, it offers innovative philosophical insights derived from complexity research.
Author: Mahdi Morsali Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN: 9179296939 Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 25
Book Description
Tremendous industrial and academic progress and investments have been made in au-tonomous driving, but still many aspects are unknown and require further investigation,development and testing. A key part of an autonomous driving system is an efficient plan-ning algorithm with potential to reduce accidents, or even unpleasant and stressful drivingexperience. A higher degree of automated planning also makes it possible to have a betterenergy management strategy with improved performance through analysis of surroundingenvironment of autonomous vehicles and taking action in a timely manner. This thesis deals with planning of autonomous vehicles in different urban scenarios, road,and vehicle conditions. The main concerns in designing the planning algorithms, are realtime capability, safety and comfort. The planning algorithms developed in this thesis aretested in simulation traffic situations with multiple moving vehicles as obstacles. The re-search conducted in this thesis falls mainly into two parts, the first part investigates decou-pled trajectory planning algorithms with a focus on speed planning, and the second sectionexplores different coupled planning algorithms in spatiotemporal environments where pathand speed are calculated simultaneously. Additionally, a behavioral analysis is carried outto evaluate different tactical maneuvers the autonomous vehicle can have considering theinitial states of the ego and surrounding vehicles. Particularly relevant for heavy duty vehicles, the issues addressed in designing a safe speedplanner in the first part are road conditions such as banking, friction, road curvature andvehicle characteristics. The vehicle constraints on acceleration, jerk, steering, steer ratelimitations and other safety limitations such as rollover are further considerations in speedplanning algorithms. For real time purposes, a minimum working roll model is identified us-ing roll angle and lateral acceleration data collected in a heavy duty truck. In the decoupledplanners, collision avoiding is treated using a search and optimization based planner. In an autonomous vehicle, the structure of the road network is known to the vehicle throughmapping applications. Therefore, this key property can be used in planning algorithms toincrease efficiency. The second part of the thesis, is focused on handling moving obstaclesin a spatiotemporal environment and collision-free planning in complex urban structures.Spatiotemporal planning holds the benefits of exhaustive search and has advantages com-pared to decoupled planning, but the search space in spatiotemporal planning is complex.Support vector machine is used to simplify the search problem to make it more efficient.A SVM classifies the surrounding obstacles into two categories and efficiently calculate anobstacle free region for the ego vehicle. The formulation achieved by solving SVM, con-tains information about the initial point, destination, stationary and moving obstacles.These features, combined with smoothness property of the Gaussian kernel used in SVMformulation is proven to be able to solve complex planning missions in a safe way. Here, three algorithms are developed by taking advantages of SVM formulation, a greedysearch algorithm, an A* lattice based planner and a geometrical based planner. One general property used in all three algorithms is reduced search space through using SVM. In A*lattice based planner, significant improvement in calculation time, is achieved by using theinformation from SVM formulation to calculate a heuristic for planning. Using this heuristic,the planning algorithm treats a simple driving scenario and a complex urban structureequal, as the structure of the road network is included in SVM solution. Inspired byobserving significant improvements in calculation time using SVM heuristic and combiningthe collision information from SVM surfaces and smoothness property, a geometrical planneris proposed that leads to further improvements in calculation time. Realistic driving scenarios such as roundabouts, intersections and takeover maneuvers areused, to test the performance of the proposed algorithms in simulation. Different roadconditions with large banking, low friction and high curvature, and vehicles prone to safetyissues, specially rollover, are evaluated to calculate the speed profile limits. The trajectoriesachieved by the proposed algorithms are compared to profiles calculated by optimal controlsolutions.
Author: Moulay Aziz-Alaoui Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642021999 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
Emergence and complexity refer to the appearance of higher-level properties and behaviours of a system that obviously comes from the collective dynamics of that system's components. These properties are not directly deducible from the lower-level motion of that system. Emergent properties are properties of the "whole'' that are not possessed by any of the individual parts making up that whole. Such phenomena exist in various domains and can be described, using complexity concepts and thematic knowledges. This book highlights complexity modelling through dynamical or behavioral systems. The pluridisciplinary purposes, developed along the chapters, are able to design links between a wide-range of fundamental and applicative Sciences. Developing such links - instead of focusing on specific and narrow researches - is characteristic of the Science of Complexity that we try to promote by this contribution.
Author: Kobus Marais Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000898113 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
This book builds on Marais’s innovative A (Bio)Semiotic Theory of Translation to explore the implications of this conceptualization of translation as the semiotic work from which social-cultural reality emerges and chart the way forward for applications in empirical research. The volume brings together some of the latest developments in biosemiotics, social semiotics and Peircean semiotics with emergent work in translation studies towards better understanding the emergence of trajectories in society-culture through semiotic processes. The book further develops lines of thinking around thermodynamics in the work of Terrence Deacon to consider the ways in which ideas emerge from matter, creating meaning, and its opposites, namely the ways in which ideas constrain matter. Marais links these theoretical strands to empirical case studies in the final three chapters towards operationalizing these concepts for further empirical work. This book is aimed at academics in the fields of translation studies, semiotics, multimodal/multimedial studies, cultural studies and development studies. It will also be applicable to postgraduate students in these fields.
Author: Groupe de reflexion sur l'approche biographique (Paris)
Author: Groupe de reflexion sur l'approche biographique (Paris)
Author: Dries Daems
Author: Reggiani, Aura
Author: Andrei P. Kirilyuk
Author: Marco Iamoni
Author: Shimon Edelman
Author: Georg Franz Weber
Author: Mahdi Morsali
Author: Moulay Aziz-Alaoui
Author: Kobus Marais