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Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309040787 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 377
Book Description
There is not much question that plants are sensitive to air pollution, nor is there doubt that air pollution is affecting forests and agriculture worldwide. In this book, specific criteria and evaluated approaches to diagnose the effects of air pollution on trees and forests are examined.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309040787 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 377
Book Description
There is not much question that plants are sensitive to air pollution, nor is there doubt that air pollution is affecting forests and agriculture worldwide. In this book, specific criteria and evaluated approaches to diagnose the effects of air pollution on trees and forests are examined.
Author: RB. Husar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The Committee's Report; Air-Pollutant Distribution and Trends; Elevational Gradients/Local Chemistry; Large-Scale Monitoring; Use of Biomarkers to Monitor Forest Damage in Europe; Bioindicators in Air Pollution Research, Applications and Constraints; New and Emerging Technologies; Decline of Red Spruce in the Northern Appalachians, Determining if Air Pollution is an Important Factor; Forest Applications of Biomarkers in Southeastern Forests; Biomarkers for Defining Air Pollution Effects in Western Coniferous Forests; Symptoms as Bioindicators of Decline in European Forests; Resource Allocation in Trees and Ecosystems; Markers of Air Pollution in Forests, Nutrient Cycling; Human Perturbation of C, N, and S Biogeochemical Cycles, Historical Studies with Stable Isotopes; Tree-Ring Analysis as an Aid to Evaluating the Effects of Air Pollution on Tree Growth; Evaluation of Root-Growth and Functioning of Trees Exposed to Air Pollutants; The Use of Remote Sensing for the Study of Air Pollution Effects in Forests; Indigenous and Cultivated Plants as Bioindicators; Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline; Fungal and Bacterial Symbioses as Potential Biological Markers of Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Forest Health; Microbial and Rhizosphere Markers of Air Pollution Induced Stress; Foliar Nitrate Reductase, a Marker for Assimilation of Atmospheric Nitrogen Oxides; Free-Radical Mediated Processes as Markers of Air Pollution Stress in Trees; Biochemical Indicators of Air Pollution Effects in Trees, Unambiguous Signals Based on Secondary Metabolites and Nitrogen in Fast Growing Species; Metals in Roots, Stem, and Foliage of Forest Trees; The Potential of Trees to Record Aluminum Mobilization and Changes in Alkaline Earth Availability; Carbon Allocation Processes as Indicators of Pollutant Impacts on Forest Trees; Photosynthesis and Transpiration Measurements as Biomarkers of Air Pollution Effects on Forests; Nutrient-Use Efficiency as an Indicator of Stress Effects in Forest Trees; Leaf Cuticles as Potential Markers of Air Pollutant Exposure in Trees; Air Pollutant-Low Temperature Interactions in Trees; Alteration of Chlorophyll in Plants upon Air Pollutant Exposure; Co-occurring Stress, Drought.
Author: George E. Jr. Taylor Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461230608 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
Human activities influence the chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere; examples are increases in troposphere concentrations of ozone, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, heavy metals and UV-B radiation. Many of these changes can alter the physiological status of terrestrial vegetation through either inhibition or enhancement of growth and reproduction, thereby influencing the ability of sensitive plants to compete for limited resources. As a result, air pollution stress may be changing the genetic structure of plant populations. In this book, leading researchers with a broad, interdisciplinary range of expertise discuss the known and measurable effects of pollution on terrestrial vegetation within the framework of ecological genetics, as well as suitable experimental methodologies to analyze the often novel or unusual effects of such environmental stresses. For environmental researchers and managers, Ecological Genetics and Air Pollution will be a welcomed introduction to this field of growing importance for long-term ecological studies.
Author: Richard K. Olson Publisher: Springer ISBN: 146122960X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 533
Book Description
John Sculley In the short history of personal computing, the task of the software programmer has been one of the least recognized-but one of the most significant-in the industry. In addition to defining the prob lems, and presenting the solutions, the software programmer is con fronted with the challenge of having to predict what combination of ideas and technologies will move the industry forward in the most compelling way. Even though we've seen the development of tremendous applications in a surprisingly short period of time, the most difficult problems often surface when we try to elevate a suc cessful local idea to the international arena. In the case of Apple Computer, these challenges become especially profound when you consider that Apple sells Macintosh not just in the United States, but in Japan, China, the Middle East, Africa, East ern Europe, and even to the United Nations itself. Of course, this means that the personal computer must work everywhere around the world. But more significantly, it also means that the software must reflect the uniqueness of a given culture, its language, morals, and even its sense of humor. To step away from a narrowly-defined, nationally-based paradigm for software development, programmers, management, and entire corporations must learn to recognize what elements of an interface, problem solving technique, documentation illustration, package de sign, and advertisement are local, and which elements are appro priate for global markets.
Author: Susan Fox Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461208092 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 524
Book Description
The public's attitude toward air pollution in the United States evolved substantially during the 1960s. One of the results of the nation's emerging environmental ethic was the creation of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December of 1970. Prior to this time, research was focused on the impacts of air pollution on human health and welfare and was largely conducted by several federal research agencies, which included the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and the U. S. Department of Agricul ture. After the creation of the EPA, much of this work was consolidated in one regulatory agency, which resulted in periodic evaluations of the various effects of atmospheric pollution on human health, materials, agriculture, and forest ecosystems. At the same time that environmental interest was growing in the United States, concern increased in the European scientific community and public over the ecological impacts of acidic deposition. As the magnitude of the damage to European lakes and streams and the widespread decline in Norway spruce and silver fir was reported, concern that similar problems were occurring in the United States increased substantially. This concern was heightened by press reports of high elevation spruce-fir forest declines in the Adirondack and Appalachian Mountains and the decline and death of sugar maples in the northeastern United States and Canada.
Author: Daniel Vallero Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080552846 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 968
Book Description
Fundamentals of Air Pollution is an important and widely used textbook in the environmental science and engineering community. Written shortly after the passage of the seminal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the third edition was quite timely. Surprisingly, the text has remained relevant for university professors, engineers, scientists, policy makers and students up to recent years. However, in light of the transition in the last five years from predominantly technology-based standards (maximum achievable control technologies or MACTs) to risk-based regulations and air quality standards, the text must be updated significantly. The fourth edition will be updated to include numerous MACTs which were not foreseen during the writing of the third edition, such as secondary lead (Pb) smelting, petroleum refining, aerospace manufacturing, marine vessel loading, ship building, printing and publishing, elastomer production, offsite waste operations, and polyethylene terephthalate polymer and styrene-based thermoplastic polymers production. * Focuses on the process of risk assessment, management and communication, the key to the study of air pollution. * Provides the latest information on the technological breakthroughs in environmental engineering since last edition * Updated information on computational and diagnostic and operational tools that have emerged in recent years.
Author: Pier Luigi Nimis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401004234 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 395
Book Description
A comprehensive, up-to-date review of lichens as biomonitors of air pollution (bioindication, metal and radionuclide accumulation, biomarkers), and as monitors of environmental change (including global climate change and biodiversity loss) in a wide array of terrestrial habitats. Several methods for using lichens as biomonitors are described in a special section of the book.
Author: William V Dashek Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439843414 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
Biological Environmental Science is an introductory textbook for undergraduate students who desire a one semester course or, alternatively, a springboard course for advanced environmental offerings. This book features timely issues such as global warming, air, ground and water pollutions, population growth, species extinction and environmental poli
Author: M. Kaennel Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642795358 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 474
Book Description
Forest decline became a matter of public and scientific concern in France in 1983 when conifers in the Vosges mountains were found to exhibit unusual crown deterioration. An impassioned controversy on a supposedly large scale forest health problem was then in full swing in Central Europe. A co-ordinated research programme entitled DEFORPA ("Deperissement des For~ts et Pollution AtmospMrique") was launched in 1984. This programme ran from 1984 to 1991 and a number of projects are still in progress. The Programme was sponsored by three French ministries (Enviroument, Agriculture and Forestry, Research and Technologyl), several state agencies, various regional authorities and the Commission of the European Communities (DO xn and DG VI). Initially, emphasis was solely laid on the understanding of forest decline in the mountainous areas - because damage was most obvious there - in relation to natural and man-made factors. Air pollution was given high but not overwhelming priority. Thus, the DEFORPA Programme was not in its essence a nation-wide assessment of air pollution effects, unlike a number of national acidification research programmes in Europe and North America. During. the programme, however, the areas of concern expanded. In particular, research into water acidification in the Vosges mountains was developed in parallel with the DEFORPA Programme, and possible eutrophication of the ground flora in northeastern France became the subject of new research.
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: RB. Husar
Author: George E. Jr. Taylor
Author: Richard K. Olson
Author: Susan Fox
Author: Daniel Vallero
Author: Pier Luigi Nimis
Author: William V Dashek
Author: 
Author: M. Kaennel