Author: M. J. Dilworth Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
This volume is a wide-ranging critical evaluation by international experts of the state of knowledge in the whole field of biological nitrogen fixation. It includes coverage of the chemistry of N2 reduction, the biochemistry and molecular biology of the molybdenum and vanadium nitrogenases. There is review of the whole range of organisms fixing N2, including the free-living and symbiotic organisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes). Detailed consideration is given to the ecology and agricultural use of the root nodule bacteria, the molecular biology and biochemistry of nodule formation and fuction. The practicability of extending symbiotic N2-fixation to other systems or to greater efficiency is examined.
Author: Gary S. Stacey Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780412024214 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 960
Book Description
Phylogenetic classification of nitrogen-fixing organisms. Physiology of nitrogen fixation in free-living heterotrophs. Nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic bacteria. Nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria. Nitrogen fixation by methanogenic bacteria. Associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Actinorhizal symbioses. Ecology of bradyrhizobium and rhizobium. The rhizobium infection process. Physiology of nitrogen-fixing legume nodules: compartments, and functions. Hydrogen cycling in symbiotic bacteria. Evolution of nitrogen-fixing symbioses. The rhizobium symbiosis of the nonlegume parasponia. Genetic analysis of rhizobium nodulation. Nodulins in root nodule development. Plant genetics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Molecular genetics of bradyrhizobium symbioses. The enzymology of molybdenum-dependent nitrogen fixation. Alternative nitrogen fixation systems. Biochemical genetics of nitrogenase. Regulation of nitrogen fixation genes in free-living and symbiotic bacteria. Isolated iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase.
Author: John Raymond Postgate Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521648530 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
This book provides an introductory-level survey of biological nitrogen fixation, covering the role of the process in the global nitrogen cycle as well as its biochemistry, physiology, genetics, ecology, general biology and prospects for its future exploitation.
Author: J. Postgate Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468418181 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 339
Book Description
Understanding of biological nitrogen fixation has advanced with impressive rapidity during the last decade. As befits a developing area of Science, these advances have uncovered information and raised questions which will have, and indeed have had, repercussions in numerous other branches of science and its applications. This 'information explosion', to use one of to-day's cant idioms, was initiated by the discovery, by a group of scientists working in the Central Research laboratories of Dupont de Nemours, U. S. A. , of a reproducibly active, cell-free enzyme preparation from a nitrogen fixing bacterium. Full credit is due to them. But subsequent developments, albeit sometimes quite as impressive, have too often been marked by that familiar disorder of a developing field of research-the scramble to publish. It is a scramble which, at its best, may represent a laudable desire to inform colleagues of the latest developments; yet which too easily develops into an undignified rush for priority, wherewith to impress one's Board of Directors or Grant-giving Institution. This, in miniature, is the tragedy of scientific research to-day: desire for credit causes research to be published in little bulletins, notes and preliminary communications, so that only those intimately involved in the field really know what is happening (and even they may well not see the forest for the trees). Those outside the field, or working in peripheral areas, may glean something of what is going on from reviews and fragments presented at meetings, but the broad pattern of development is often elusive.
Author: N. S. Subba Rao Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521417532 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
This volume discusses the most recent advances in biological nitrogen fixation, with chapters written by experts on the ecology, physiology, biochemistry and genetics of biological nitrogen fixation.
Author: Peter M. Gresshoff Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351083198 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
The core of the text is aimed at the research worker in the field of nitrogen fixation, but, despite its specialisation, does not lose the emphasis on teaching, both as a direct reference book and as a backbone for a graduate course on the subject.The closing part of the book includes a subject index and a glossary of terms. The latter was included not for the expert, for whom many of the definitions will be too general, but for the newcomer; the author hopes that the quick survey of key terms will help in the reading of this book.
Author: P. Graham Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401110883 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 206
Book Description
During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.
Author: Frans J. de Bruijn Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118637097 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 2250
Book Description
Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. It is carried out by prokaryotes using an enzyme complex called nitrogenase and results in atmospheric N2 being reduced into a form of nitrogen diazotrophic organisms and plants are able to use (ammonia). It is this process and its major players which will be discussed in this book. Biological Nitrogen Fixation is a comprehensive two volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in nitrogen fixation. Chapters across both volumes emphasize molecular techniques and advanced biochemical analysis approaches applicable to various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation. Volume 1 explores the chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogenases, nif gene regulation, the taxonomy, evolution, and genomics of nitrogen fixing organisms, as well as their physiology and metabolism. Volume 2 covers the symbiotic interaction of nitrogen fixing organisms with their host plants, including nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial "omics", cyanobacteria, diazotrophs and non-legumes, field studies and inoculum preparation, as well as nitrogen fixation and cereals. Covering the full breadth of current nitrogen fixation research and expanding it towards future advances in the field, Biological Nitrogen Fixation will be a one-stop reference for microbial ecologists and environmental microbiologists as well as plant and agricultural researchers working on crop sustainability.
Author: R.C. Burns Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364280926X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
Our knowledge of the biochemistry and biophysics of dinitrogen fixa tion has developed rapidly in the 15 years since the first N2-fixing enzyme system was successfully extracted from a bacterium. This peri od has produced a literature that now describes the N2 fixation reac tion and the nitrogenase enzyme itself in sophisticated terms, though a detailed reaction mechanism at the chemical level has not yet emerged. It is the purpose of the present monograph to present an in-depth re view, analysis, and integration of this research as is possible with a non-contributed publication and to relate this work to considera tions of N2 fixation that reach beyond the confines of the biochem ist's laboratory. The first section is directed as much toward the general science read er as toward the specialist. It covers the agricultural origins of man's interest in N2 fixation and also pertinent areas of taxonomy, physiology, and evolution. Ecological aspects of the subject include a comprehensive evaluation of the nitrogen cycle leading to a sub stantially greater estimate of the rate of global N2 fixation than previous ones. The treatment is of a survey fashion, in part to pro vide a general over-view of N2 fixation and in part to provide context for the biochemistry and biophysics that follow in the second section.
Author: Frans J. de Bruijn Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118637216 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 2250
Book Description
Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. It is carried out by prokaryotes using an enzyme complex called nitrogenase and results in atmospheric N2 being reduced into a form of nitrogen diazotrophic organisms and plants are able to use (ammonia). It is this process and its major players which will be discussed in this book. Biological Nitrogen Fixation is a comprehensive two volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in nitrogen fixation. Chapters across both volumes emphasize molecular techniques and advanced biochemical analysis approaches applicable to various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation. Volume 1 explores the chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogenases, nif gene regulation, the taxonomy, evolution, and genomics of nitrogen fixing organisms, as well as their physiology and metabolism. Volume 2 covers the symbiotic interaction of nitrogen fixing organisms with their host plants, including nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial "omics", cyanobacteria, diazotrophs and non-legumes, field studies and inoculum preparation, as well as nitrogen fixation and cereals. Covering the full breadth of current nitrogen fixation research and expanding it towards future advances in the field, Biological Nitrogen Fixation will be a one-stop reference for microbial ecologists and environmental microbiologists as well as plant and agricultural researchers working on crop sustainability.
Author: M. J. Dilworth
Author: Gary S. Stacey
Author: John Raymond Postgate
Author: J. Postgate
Author: N. S. Subba Rao
Author: Peter M. Gresshoff
Author: P. Graham
Author: Frans J. de Bruijn
Author: R.C. Burns
Author: Frans J. de Bruijn