Author: Lynda TaylorPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521736706
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 409
Book Description
An up-to-date review of the relevant literature on assessing speaking.
Examining Speaking
Author: Lynda TaylorPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521736706
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 409
Book Description
An up-to-date review of the relevant literature on assessing speaking.
Examining Speaking
Author: Lynda B. TaylorPublisher:
ISBN: 9783125333772
Category : FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY
Languages : en
Pages : 387
Book Description
"This edited volume develops a theoretical framework for validating tests of second language speaking ability. The framework is then applied through an examination of the tasks in Cambridge ESOL speaking tests from a number of different validity perspectives that reflect the socio-cognitive nature of any assessment event. The chapter authors show how an understanding and analysis of the framework and its components can assist test developers to operationalise their tests more effectively, especially in relation to the key criteria that differentiate one proficiency level from another"--Provided by publisher.
Examining a church's right to free speech
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Health Care, Benefits, and Administrative RulesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Campaign funds
Languages : en
Pages : 128
Book Description
Comprehension of verb inflection in German-speaking children
Author: Brandt-Kobele, Oda-ChristinaPublisher: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
ISBN: 3869562161
Category : Communicative competence in children
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
Previous studies on the acquisition of verb inflection in normally developing children have revealed an astonishing pattern: children use correctly inflected verbs in their own speech but fail to make use of verb inflections when comprehending sentences uttered by others. Thus, a three-year old might well be able to say something like ‘The cat sleeps on the bed’, but fails to understand that the same sentence, when uttered by another person, refers to only one sleeping cat but not more than one. The previous studies that have examined children's comprehension of verb inflections have employed a variant of a picture selection task in which the child was asked to explicitly indicate (via pointing) what semantic meaning she had inferred from the test sentence. Recent research on other linguistic structures, such as pronouns or focus particles, has indicated that earlier comprehension abilities can be found when methods are used that do not require an explicit reaction, like preferential looking tasks. This dissertation aimed to examine whether children are truly not able to understand the connection the the verb form and the meaning of the sentence subject until the age of five years or whether earlier comprehension can be found when a different measure, preferential looking, is used. Additionally, children's processing of subject-verb agreement violations was examined. The three experiments of this thesis that examined children's comprehension of verb inflections revealed the following: German-speaking three- to four-year old children looked more to a picture showing one actor when hearing a sentence with a singular inflected verb but only when their eye gaze was tracked and they did not have to perform a picture selection task. When they were asked to point to the matching picture, they performed at chance-level. This pattern indicates asymmetries in children's language performance even within the receptive modality. The fourth experiment examined sensitivity to subject-verb agreement violations and did not reveal evidence for sensitivity toward agreement violations in three- and four-year old children, but only found that children's looking patterns were influenced by the grammatical violations at the age of five. The results from these experiments are discussed in relation to the existence of a production-comprehension asymmetry in the use of verb inflections and children's underlying grammatical knowledge.
Sense of Agency: Examining Awareness of the Acting Self
Author: Nicole DavidPublisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889196240
Category : Ego (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Book Description
The sense of agency is defined as the sense of oneself as the agent of one's own actions. This also allows oneself to feel distinct from others, and contributes to the subjective phenomenon of self-consciousness (Gallagher, 2000). Distinguishing oneself from others is arguably one of the most important functions of the human brain. Even minor impairments in this ability profoundly affect the individual’s functioning in society as demonstrated by psychiatric and neurological syndromes involving agency disturbances (Della Sala et al., 1991; Franck et al., 2001; Frith, 2005; Sirigu et al., 1999). But the sense of agency also plays a role for cultural and religious phenomena such as voodoo, superstition and gambling, in which individuals experience subjective control over objectively uncontrollable entities (Wegner, 2003). Furthermore, it plays into ethical and law questions concerning responsibility and guilt. For these reasons a better understanding of the sense of agency has been important for neuroscientists, clinicians, philosophers of mind and the general society alike. Significant progress has been made in this regard. For example, philosophical scrutiny has helped establish the conceptual boundaries of the sense of agency (Bayne, 2011; Gallagher, 2000, 2012; Pacherie 2008; Synofzik et al., 2008) and scientific investigations have shed light on the neurocognitive basis of sense of agency including the brain regions supporting sense of agency (Chambon et al., 2013; David et al., 2007; Farrer et al., 2003, 2008; Spengler et al., 2009; Tsakiris et al., 2010; Yomogida et al., 2010). Despite this progress there remain a number of outstanding questions such as: • Are there cross-cultural differences in the sense of agency? • How does the sense of agency develop in infants or change across the lifespan? • How does social context influence sense of agency? • What neural networks support sense of agency (i.e., connectivity and communication between brain regions)? • What are the temporal dynamics with respect to neural processes underlying the sense of agency (i.e. the what and when of agency processing)? • How can different cue models of the sense of agency be further specified and empirically supported, especially with regards to cue integration/ weighting? • What are the applications of sense of agency research (clinically, engineering etc.)? The concept of the sense of agency offers intriguing avenues for knowledge transfer across disciplines and interdisciplinary empirical approaches, especially in addressing the afore-mentioned outstanding questions. The aim of the present research topic is to promote and facilitate such interdisciplinarity for a better understanding of why and how we typically experience our own actions so naturally and undoubtedly as “ours” and what goes awry when we do not. We, thus, welcome contributions from, for example, (i) neuroscience and psychology (including development psychology/ neuroscience), (ii) psychiatry and neurology, (iii) philosophy, (iv) robotics, and (v) computational modeling. In addition to empirical or scientific studies of the sense of agency, we also encourage theoretical contributions including reviews, models, and opinions.
Let's Examine
Author: Pastor Fred RichardsonPublisher: Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.
ISBN: 1098011198
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Book Description
The conclusion to the whole matter, "And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose" (Romans 8:28). God's love is everlasting, and his wisdom is infinite. It doesn't matter who or what attempts to circumvent God's plan. Nothing in heaven, earth, or under the earth can deviate God's plan. Our decision to align our will with God's and to always trust him will be rewarded.
Examining God's Purposes for Fasting and Prayer
Author: Bill RandallPublisher: Author House
ISBN: 1481763385
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
What is fasting? How often should I fast? Is there a right and wrong way to fast? Are there physical benefits to fasting? Will fasting and prayer really help me live a life more pleasing to God? Those, and other valid questions are addressed squarely right here. It is unfortunate that most assume that the subject of fasting and prayer is esoteric (obscure, cryptic, mysterious, and restricted to the few). This book is intended to open the door of understanding for all who desire to know what the bible says about fasting and prayer. If this is your motive, you will not be disappointed because Examining Gods Purposes for Fasting and Prayer draws its conclusions directly from the Word of God. Once the reader becomes acquainted with the principles outlined in this book, he/she will be better equipped to practice this vital (and oft neglected) spiritual and physical discipline.
The Holy Spirit: 592 Scriptures Examined
Author: Katheryn Maddox HaddadPublisher: Northern Lights Publishing House
ISBN: 1948462931
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 108
Book Description
There are numerous books on the Holy Spirit, but they are based on only a few Bible verses. This study was not done to prove the author’s or anyone else’s pet assessment of the Holy Spirit. The study was made with the desire to forget all pre-conceived notions and opinions, and discover only God’s opinion. The Bible has 592 verses on the Holy Spirit and God’s Spirit. This is the only book of its kind to cover all verses. All other books take a few ideas about the Holy Spirit and elaborate on them. To make sense out of all 592 verses, they were categorized according to what you see in the table of contents in this book ~ the types of people affected by the Holy Spirit. Within each category, are sub-categories, usually based on how the Holy Spirit connected with each person, and how each person reacted. The same subcategory terms will sometimes appear in each category of the people the Holy Spirit affected. At first those little words may seem to have no special significance. But as you progressed through them, you will see that even little words like “within” and “upon”, and “full” sometimes had big significance. All those word studies prepare you for the even more dynamic later chapters in the book. The study is based on the New King James Version of the Bible. Read through these chapters, not to prove what you already believe, but with an open mind and heart that perhaps you don’t believe in enough things the Holy Spirit does, or you believe in more things than the scriptures actually teach. Let us be careful that we do not go beyond what is written (I Corinthians 4:6). Now, let us gear up for all things God’s Holy Spirit does, and get ready to be amazed.
Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society
Author: Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian SocietyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cheshire (England)
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
Includes the Society's proceedings and list of members.
Genre, Frames and Writing in Research Settings
Author: Brian PaltridgePublisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 902728265X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
This book presents a perspective on genre based on what it is that leads users of a language to recognise a communicative event as an instance of a particular genre. Key notions in this perspective are those of prototype, inheritance, and intertextuality; that is, the extent to which a text is typical of the particular genre, the qualities or properties that are inherited from other instances of the communicative event, and the ways in which a text is influenced by other texts of a similar kind. The texts which form the basis of this discussion are drawn from experimental research reporting in English. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Approaches to genre 3. Genre and frames 4. A sample analysis: Writing up research 5. Summary and conclusions.