High-Tc SQUIDs for Biomedical Applications: Immunoassays, Magnetoencephalography, and Ultra-Low Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging PDF Download

Author: Fredrik Öisjöen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642313566
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 111

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Book Description
This thesis describes the challenging task of developing high critical temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (high-Tc SQUIDs) and using them as sensors for biomedical applications, including magnetic immunoassays, magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first part of this work discusses the development of fast magnetic immunoassays, which can be used to improve the sensitivity, or to create new, unique point-of-care diagnostics systems. The second part shows that high-Tc SQUIDs might make magnetoencephalography more available, thus opening the field of high-Tc SQUID-based magnetoencephalography for recording brain functions. This technique can be combined with ultra-low field MRI which is discussed in the last part. This combination may provide a new unique tool for studies of brain functions. This work does not simply improve on existing technology but opens possibilities for novel advanced medical devices and techniques.

Author: Tomaž Apih
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9400772653
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Book Description
Detection of concealed explosives is a notoriously difficult problem, and many different approaches have been proposed to solve this problem. Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is unique in many ways. It operates in a safe AM radio frequency range, and it can remotely detect unique “fingerprint” (NQR spectrum) of many explosives, such as TNT or RDX. As such, the detection of target does not depend on the shape or material of the container, or the presence of metallic object such as triggers etc. Spectra of chemically similar compounds differ enough that their presence never causes interference or false alarms. Unfortunately, widespread use is prevented due to low sensitivity, radiofrequency interference from the noisy environment, and inability to detect liquid explosives. This book presents current state of the art of the attempts to overcome NQR sensitivity problem, either by increasing the strengths of signals generated, or by increasing the specificity of the technique through a better understanding of the factors that affect the quadrupolar parameters of specific explosives. The use of these specific quadrupolar parameters is demonstrated on signal processing techniques that can detect weak signals, which are hidden in a noisy background. The problem of differentiation of liquid explosives and benign liquids in closed containers is approached by measurements of different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters. As shown, a couple of solutions has reached a prototype stage and could find their use in a near future.

Author: Tobias Knopp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364204199X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 211

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Book Description
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. This is the first book to be published on magnetic particle imaging, and it will be an invaluable source of information for everyone with an interest in this exciting new modality.

Author: Paul Seidel
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527412093
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1334

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Book Description
This wide-ranging presentation of applied superconductivity, from fundamentals and materials right up to the details of many applications, is an essential reference for physicists and engineers in academic research as well as in industry. Readers looking for a comprehensive overview on basic effects related to superconductivity and superconducting materials will expand their knowledge and understanding of both low and high Tc superconductors with respect to their application. Technology, preparation and characterization are covered for bulk, single crystals, thins fi lms as well as electronic devices, wires and tapes. The main benefit of this work lies in its broad coverage of significant applications in magnets, power engineering, electronics, sensors and quantum metrology. The reader will find information on superconducting magnets for diverse applications like particle physics, fusion research, medicine, and biomagnetism as well as materials processing. SQUIDs and their usage in medicine or geophysics are thoroughly covered, as are superconducting radiation and particle detectors, aspects on superconductor digital electronics, leading readers to quantum computing and new devices.

Author: John Clarke
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527609504
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 653

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Book Description
This two-volume handbook offers a comprehensive and coordinated presentation of SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices), including device fundamentals, design, technology, system construction and multiple applications. It is intended to bridge the gap between fundamentals and applications, and will be a valuable textbook reference for graduate students and for professionals engaged in SQUID research and engineering. It will also be of use to specialists in multiple fields of practical SQUID applications, from human brain research and heart diagnostics to airplane and nuclear plant testing to prospecting for oil, minerals and buried ordnance. While the first volume presents the theory and fabrication of SQUIDs, the second volume is devoted to applications. It starts with an important aspect of the analysis of measured magnetic signals generated by current sources (the inverse problem), and includes several chapters devoted to various areas of application, namely biomagnetism (research on and diagnostics of human brain, heart, liver, etc.), detection of extremely weak signals, for example electromagnetic radiation and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The volume closes with a chapter on motion detectors and the detection of gravity waves.

Author: John Clarke
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527604588
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409

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Book Description
This two-volume handbook offers a comprehensive and well coordinated presentation of SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices), including device fundamentals, design, technology, system construction and multiple applications. It is intended to bridge the gap between fundamentals and applications, and will be a valuable textbook reference for graduate students and for professionals engaged in SQUID research and engineering. It will also be of use to specialists in multiple fields of practical SQUID applications, from human brain research and heart diagnostics to airplane and nuclear plant testing to prospecting for oil, minerals and buried ordnance. The first volume contains chapters presenting the theory of SQUIDs, their fabrication from low- and high-temperature superconductors, the necessary readout electronics, and the design and performance of practical direct current (dc) and radio-frequency (rf) SQUIDs. This volume concludes with an overview of the most important SQUID system issues. An appendix summarizes briefly the foundations of superconductivity that are necessary to understand SQUIDs. A glossary and tables of units and constants are also included. The second volume of the handbook will deal with applications of SQUIDs and SQUID systems.

Author: Hadi Heidari
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119552176
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Book Description
An important guide that reviews the basics of magnetic biosensor modeling and simulation Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive review of magnetic biosensor modelling and simulation. The authors—noted experts on the topic—explore the model's strengths and weaknesses and discuss the competencies of different modelling software, including homemade and commercial (for example Multi-physics modelling software). The section on sensor materials examines promising materials whose properties have been used for sensing action and predicts future smart-materials that have the potential for sensing application. Next, the authors present classifications of sensors that are divided into different sub-types. They describe their working and highlight important applications that reveal the benefits and drawbacks of relevant designs. The book also contains information on the most recent developments in the field of each sensor type. This important book: Provides an even treatment of the major foundations of magnetic biosensors Presents problem solution methods such as analytical and numerical Explains how solution methods complement each other, and offers information on their materials, design, computer aided modelling and simulation, optimization, and device fabrication Describes modeling work challenges and solutions Written for students in electrical and electronics engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedical engineering, and biology, Magnetic Sensors for Biomedical Applications offers a guide to the principles of biomagnetic sensors, recent developments, and reveals the impact of sensor modelling and simulation on magnetic sensors.

Author: Robert Kraus Jr.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199796513
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 416

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Book Description
This book is designed to introduce the reader to the field of NMR/MRI at very low magnetic fields, from milli-Tesla to micro-Tesla, the ultra-low field (ULF) regime. The book is focused on applications to imaging the human brain, and hardware methods primarily based upon pre-polarization methods and SQUID-based detection. The goal of the text is to provide insight and tools for the reader to better understand what applications are best served by ULF NMR/MRI approaches. A discussion of the hardware challenges, such as shielding, operation of SQUID sensors in a dynamic field environment, and pulsed magnetic field generation are presented. One goal of the text is to provide the reader a framework of understanding the approaches to estimation and mitigation of low signal-to-noise and long imaging time, which are the main challenges. Special attention is paid to the combination of MEG and ULF MRI, and the benefits and challenges presented by trying to accomplish both with the same hardware. The book discusses the origin of unique relaxation contrast at ULF, and special considerations for image artifacts and how to correct them (i.e. concomitant gradients, ghost artifacts). A general discussion of MRI, with special consideration to the challenges of imaging at ULF and unique opportunities in pulse sequences, is presented. The book also presents an overview of some of the primary applications of ULF NMR/MRI being pursued.

Author: Jagannathan Thirumalai
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838805540
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 202

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Book Description
This book, Condensed Matter and Material Physics, incorporates the work of multiple authors to enhance the theoretical as well as experimental knowledge of materials. The investigation of crystalline solids is a growing need in the electronics industry. Micro and nano transistors require an in-depth understanding of semiconductors of different groups. Amorphous materials, on the other hand, as non-equilibrium materials are widely applied in sensors and other medical and industrial applications. Superconducting magnets, composite materials, lasers, and many more applications are integral parts of our daily lives. Superfluids, liquid crystals, and polymers are undergoing active research throughout the world. Hence profound information on the nature and application of various materials is in demand. This book bestows on the reader a deep knowledge of physics behind the concepts, perspectives, characteristic properties, and prospects. The book was constructed using 10 contributions from experts in diversified fields of condensed matter and material physics and its technology from over 15 research institutes across the globe.

Author: Zolile Mtumela
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781536187564
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Book Description
Ground magnetometer observations have played a major role in the development of space science, by remotely measuring currents that define the dynamics of the magnetosphere and Earth's ionosphere. They have led to the identification of ionospheric currents associated with magnetic substorms and storms, as well as those associated with global compressions of the magnetosphere from interplanetary shocks and bow shock-related instabilities. Ground magnetometer observations have made it possible to track and comprehend the way reconfigurations of currents and convection are propagated globally after the magnetosphere is impacted by solar wind and/or interplanetary magnetic field dynamics. Global ground magnetometer observations provide the most fundamental and necessary context that needs to exist if any of the current and future missions are to provide new discovery science within the Near-Earth Environment. While their role as a continuous monitor and context-providing source is paramount, their continuous operation on a now-global scale provides the means for research science at the systems. The above overview of the magnetometers on space-based magnetometers are by no means intended to be complete, but is to illustrate the historic success of magnetometers and the contributions to our understanding of space physics and related fields.