Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century to protect America's strategic interests in the Caribbean, the 65th Infantry consisted of Puerto Rican soldiers and sergeants and American and Puerto Rican officers. Although in existence for almost fifty years, the 65th had not experienced intense combat until Korea. Despite a lack of previous wartime experience, the regiment did extremely well from September 1950 to August 1951, establishing a solid reputation as a dependable infantry unit. The combat performance of the unit began to slip from the summer of 1951 to the autumn of 1952, when major failures occurred, first at Outpost Kelly in late September and then at Jackson Heights a month later. After the failures at Outpost Kelly and Jackson Heights, the Army recognized that these problems had to be decisively addressed or the regiment's combat effectiveness would be permanently degraded. The Army reconstituted the 65th as a fully integrated infantry regiment in the spring of 1953. By that June, the regiment had redeemed itself in the eyes of the Army's senior leadership. The unit's colors remained in Korea until November 1954, when they returned to Puerto Rico.
Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa Publisher: ISBN: 9781453713839 Category : Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
In 1999, at the urging of Puerto Rican veterans, the U.S. Army Center of Military History conducted a full and impartial examination of the 65th Infantry's performance in the Korean War. The ?rst study looked at the regiment's controversial actions at Outpost Kelly and Jackson Heights in 1952. Later, the chief of military history, taking advantage of rich source material, decided to expand the account into a full-length treatment of the Puerto Rican unit's combat experiences across the entire three-year span of a deadly war. This book is the result. Col. Gilberto N. Villahermosa is a 1980 graduate of West Point, where he received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering. Commissioned an Armor of?cer, he has served with troops in Germany and the United States. Originally published by the U.S. Army's Center of Military History
Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781507748541 Category : Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
CMH 70-116-1. Discusses the experiences of the 65th Infantry, a Puerto Rican infantry unit, during the Korean War. Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century to protect America's strategic interests in the Caribbean, the 65th Infantry consisted of Puerto Rican soldiers and sergeants and American and Puerto Rican officers. Although in existence for almost fifty years, the 65th had not experienced intense combat until Korea. Despite a lack of previous wartime experience, the regiment did extremely well from September 1950 to August 1951, establishing a solid reputation as a dependable infantry unit. The combat performance of the unit began to slip from the summer of 1951 to the autumn of 1952, when major failures occurred, first at Outpost Kelly in late September and then at Jackson Heights a month later. After the failures at Outpost Kelly and Jackson Heights, the Army recognized that these problems had to be decisively addressed or the regiment's combat effectiveness would be permanently degraded. The Army reconstituted the 65th as a fully integrated infantry regiment in the spring of 1953. By that June, the regiment had redeemed itself in the eyes of the Army's senior leadership. The unit's colors remained in Korea until November 1954, when they returned to Puerto Rico.
Author: Andrew Keith Publisher: WordFire +ORM ISBN: 1614753997 Category : Fiction Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
A military sci-fi fantasy where troops keeping peace on an alien planet find themselves engaged in an interstellar war. It was an easy assignment on a peaceful alien world—until the natives attacked! The Sandcastle, on a water world on the fringe of Earth’s expanding empire, houses the Fifth Foreign Legion—troops sent there to protect the interests of Seafarms Interstellar, a powerful Terran corporation. At first, Captain Fraser thought his biggest problem would be keeping the Legionnaires from getting too bored. But that was before the Free Swimmers—the nomadic ocean clans—attacked and nearly overran the Sandcastle. Suddenly, the Fifth Foreign Legion is facing a seemingly unstoppable alien army equipped not only with their native crossbows, but also high-tech offworld weapons that just might spell the end for the Fifth as well as the Seafarms civilians they have sworn to protect.
Author: William Warner Harris Publisher: ISBN: 9780891417538 Category : Hispanic American soldiers Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This is the story of the under appreciated--and ultimately victorious-- all Puerto Rican 65th Infantry Regiment and their battles during the Korean War. Maps. Photos.
Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781520761329 Category : Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
This study reviews the performance of the 65th Infantry throughout the Korean war, providing insights not only into the regiment's unique problems but also into the status of the U.S. Army's combat forces during one of the most trying periods in its history. Originally formed at the turn of the nineteenth century to protect America's strategic interests in the Caribbean, the 65th Infantry was composed of locally recruited Puerto Rican soldiers led primarily by non-Hispanic "continental" officers. Although in existence for almost fifty years, the 65th had not experienced intense combat until it was committed to the Korean peninsula in the initial months of the war. There, despite its lack of previous wartime service, the regiment did extremely well from September 1950 to August 1951, establishing a solid reputation as a dependable infantry unit and a mainstay of the heavily embattled 3d Infantry Division. After that period, however, its performance began to suffer as experienced cadre rotated out of the regiment and were replaced by new leaders and soldiers who lacked the skills and special cohesive bonds displayed by their predecessors. The net result was a highly publicized series of incidents and disciplinary actions that have never been adequately explained or understood. Its findings underscore the critical impact of personnel-rotation policies, ethnic and organizational prejudices, and the work of small-unit leaders on combat readiness and battlefield success. They also illustrate the critical role of senior leaders in analyzing problems in these areas in a timely fashion and instituting effective reforms. For the 65th, a catastrophic shortage of trained NCOs, unaddressed language problems, and inept command leadership temporarily undermined its combat effectiveness. Making matters worse, senior commanders reacted in a heavy-handed manner with little analysis of what was really going on. The regiment's colors remained in Korea until November 1954, when the unit returned to Puerto Rico. Today, the 1st Battalion of the 65th Infantry remains as part of the Puerto Rican National Guard, a testimony to a unique combat unit that served the United States Army well for over one hundred years. Chapter 1 - Prologue: Before Korea. * The 65th in the Period of the Two World Wars * Postwar Doldrums and then Renewal * Chapter 2 - From San Juan to Pusan * The 65th Infantry Organizes for Korea * The 65th Departs for Asia * The Borinqueneers Arrive in Korea * The Regiment Enters Combat * Chapter 3 - With X Corps in North Korea: November-December 1950 * Advance into Northeastern Korea * X Corps in Crisis * Evacuation from Hungnam to Pusan * Chapter 4 - From Pusan to the Imjin: January-March 1951 * Operations Wolfhound and Thunderbolt * Preparing to Liberate Seoul * On to Seoul and the Imjin * Chapter 5 - From the Imjin Back to Seoul: April 1951 * The Chinese Spring Offensive of 1951 * The Plight of the Glosters * Eighth Army Regroups * Chapter 6 - From Seoul to the Ch'orwon Valley: May-July 1951 * Battle Below the Soyang * Toward the Iron Triangle * Fighting for the Sobang Mountains * Chapter 7 - Operations in the Iron Triangle: August-December 1951 * Operation Cleanup I and II * Into the Iron Triangle Once Again * Defending Line Jamestown * Chapter 8 - In Reserve: January-June 1952 * Major Changes Within the 65th Infantry * Korea 1952: The Outpost War * Personnel Problems in Eighth Army. * Chapter 9 - Defeat at Outpost Kelly: July-September 1952 * The Struggle for Outpost Kelly * Counterattack and Defeat * Analyzing the Failure * Chapter 10 - Collapse at Jackson Heights: October 1952 * Defense and Loss of Jackson Heights * Breakdown on Jackson Heights * Assessing the Failure * Chapter 11 - Courts-Martial, Reconstitution, and Redemption: November 1952-July 1953 * A Time of Uncertainty * Rebuilding the Regiment * Vindication and Homecoming
Author: Amarinder Singh Publisher: Roli Books ISBN: 9788174369888 Category : World War, 1914-1918 Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The First World War is tremendously significant to India's history. Largely considered a European war, it actually involved the participation of more than a hundred countries, allowing for it to be also known as, The Great War. In 1914, it was thought by Indian political leaders, that offering support to the British would further the cause of India's independence. Accordingly, Indian soldiers were sent to fight alongside the British in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), Egypt, Palestine, France, Aden, Belgium, East Africa, Gallipoli and Salonika. About twenty-five princely states contributed over 26,000 combatants. The Dalai Lama offered his support through Tibetan troops, and Gurkhas were deployed from Nepal as well. They accompanied Britain's soldiers in the artillery, cavalry, infantry, engineers, signals service, sappers, and miners, arms of the army. Indian services to Britain extended to the Royal Navy as well as the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service. Indian troops who fought in Europe, had stepped outside their homeland, across the kala pani, for the first time. The sophistication of the artillery used abroad, required remarkable adaptation on the part of the soldiers. The drastically different landscape and colder weather was a shock as well. Socially too, they felt displaced among the Europeans, with their vastly different cultures and mannerisms. This was a very new scenario for Indian men; to fight side-by-side the people who were their colonizers back home. Though the Indian combatants received care matching their British counterparts, a close eye was kept on their outings, making them feel trapped. The entire experience of fighting overseas was culturally alienating for many Indians, as mentioned in their letters home, which were also often subject to military censorship. Though mentally ill equipped to deal with an emotional and physical relocation as vast as this, Indian soldiers fought valiantly. Inder Singh, in a letter back home from the Somme in September 1916, wrote, 'It is quite impossible that I should return alive. [But] don't be grieved at my death, because I shall die arms in hand, wearing the warrior's clothes. This is the most happy death that anyone can die'. By the end of the war, about 60,000 troops from India had fought for Britain. Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded and over 13,000 gallantry medals were earned. Despite India backing it s efforts during the Great War, Britain s denial to grant India independence, created conflict and unrest among Indians, leading to the beginning of the uprising for independence. The author, Captain Amarinder Singh is himself a product of the Indian army. He served as ADC to the GOC-in-C, Western Command, during the 1965 war with Pakistan. A published military historian, he painstakingly retraces the footsteps of the Indian battalions during the First World War, using official battle details, war diaries, and maps.
Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa
Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa
Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa
Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa
Author: Gilberto N. Villahermosa
Author: Andrew Keith
Author: William Warner Harris
Author: Jack D. L. Holmes
Author: U. S. Military
Author: Amarinder Singh