Identifying and regulating carcinogens. PDF Download

Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428922784
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
Languages : en
Pages : 250

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Book Description

Author: Lewis Publishers
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351081799
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Book Description
This excellent resource describes the various Federal agency programs, guidelines, laws, and requirements regarding potential exposure to carcinogens in the environment-ambient air, water, and soil-workplace environment-food and drugs and other consumer products. It covers 16 different programs, activities, and Federal agencies. The reader is provided insight into the background and rationale behind current Federal Policy and regulations relating to public health and potential carcinogenic hazards. Necessary differentiation among Hazard Identification, risk characterization, risk assessment, and risk management are clearly described. This guide should prove valuable to scientists, engineers, and managers-companies, governments, universities, and consultants.

Author:
Publisher: CRC-Press
ISBN: 9780873711524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 249

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Book Description
This excellent resource describes the various Federal agency programs, guidelines, laws, and requirements regarding potential exposure to carcinogens in the environment-ambient air, water, and soil-workplace environment-food and drugs and other consumer products. It covers 16 different programs, activities, and Federal agencies. The reader is provided insight into the background and rationale behind current Federal Policy and regulations relating to public health and potential carcinogenic hazards. Necessary differentiation among Hazard Identification, risk characterization, risk assessment, and risk management are clearly described. This guide should prove valuable to scientists, engineers, and managers-companies, governments, universities, and consultants.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309175712
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 433

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Book Description
Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.

Author: United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Book Description

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309120462
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422

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Book Description
Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Author: Robert A. Baan
Publisher: International Agency for Research on Cancer
ISBN: 9789283222170
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This Scientific Publication reviews the information on cancer sites and mechanistic events for the more than 100 agents classified in Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) by the IARC Monographs Program. This category of agents is diverse and includes chemicals and chemical mixtures; occupations; metals, dusts, and fibres; radiation; viruses and other biological agents; personal habits; and pharmaceuticals. For the Group 1 agents, there were cross-cutting questions about the relevance to humans of certain cancer sites or mechanistic pathways in animals. This publication is based on a systematic identification and comparison of the cancer sites observed in humans and those observed in experimental animals, and a compilation of mechanistic events for agents known to cause cancer in humans. Relevant information was analyzed on all the agents classified in Group 1 in Monographs up to and including Volume 109, most of which are reviewed in Volume 100A-F. A database of tumor sites seen in humans and animals was used to examine the degree of concordance by use of an anatomically based tumor classification scheme. The analysis of mechanistic aspects of the IARC Group 1 agents focused on 10 key characteristics of human carcinogens developed during the course of this work. Genotoxicity was the most prevalent mechanistic characteristic, consistent with the process of carcinogenesis necessarily involving genomic changes. The IARC concordance database represents a useful source of information for comparing animal and human data with respect to the tumors caused in different species. The results of the mechanistic analysis can provide a basis for future efforts to categorize mechanistic data for carcinogens through a systematic review process. These reviews and analyses were discussed during a two-part Workshop on Tumour Site Concordance and Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis convened by IARC. This Scientific Publication is the report of that Workshop and of subsequent work by the participants, both individually and collectively. This publication also presents a statement of consensus among the Workshop participants, which summarizes the main findings and their implications for human cancer risk assessment.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309033497
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 206

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Book Description
The regulation of potentially hazardous substances has become a controversial issue. This volume evaluates past efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, reviews the experience of regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and evaluates various proposals to modify procedures. The book's conclusions and recommendations can be applied across the entire field of environmental health.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037468
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
Concern about health effects from exposure to pesticides in foods is growing as scientists learn more about the toxic properties of pesticides. The Delaney Clause, a provision of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, prohibits tolerances for any pesticide that causes cancer in test animals or in humans if the pesticide concentrates in processed food or feeds. This volume examines the impacts of the Delaney Clause on agricultural innovation and on the public's dietary exposure to potentially carcinogenic pesticide residues. Four regulatory scenarios are described to illustrate the effects of varying approaches to managing oncogenic pesticide residues in food.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728

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Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.