International Cooperation in Research and Development PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download International Cooperation in Research and Development PDF full book. Access full book title International Cooperation in Research and Development by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Developments in science and technology are increasingly the result of international collaboration. Many indicators show increasing links among world scientists to conduct joint research, share data, conduct international meetings, develop common standards, and transfer technology. Data suggest that this activity is not just increasing but is changing the conduct, organization, and outputs of scientific research around the world. Scientific research is becoming more globalized-increasing numbers of countries are building their scientific capabilities and participating in world science; More collaborative-a growing proportion of projects and the publications they produce result from collaborations by investigators from a mix of nations; and more "distributed"--scientific teams are collaborating across greater distances and involve more widely dispersed expertise.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Developments in science and technology are increasingly the result of international collaboration. Many indicators show increasing links among world scientists to conduct joint research, share data, conduct international meetings, develop common standards, and transfer technology. Data suggest that this activity is not just increasing but is changing the conduct, organization, and outputs of scientific research around the world. Scientific research is becoming more globalized-increasing numbers of countries are building their scientific capabilities and participating in world science; More collaborative-a growing proportion of projects and the publications they produce result from collaborations by investigators from a mix of nations; and more "distributed"--scientific teams are collaborating across greater distances and involve more widely dispersed expertise.
Author: Caroline S. Wagner Publisher: RAND Corporation ISBN: 9780833029256 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Scientific research is becoming increasingly more globalized and more collaborative. At the same time, there is growing pressure within the United States to justify government funding for science and technology (S&T). The potential conflict between these developments raises questions of whether U.S. investment in S&T benefits U.S. taxpayers and whether investment in scientific capacity building overseas has created competition rather than mere assistance. To understand the answers to these questions, this report describes the scope and nature of U.S. spending on international cooperative research and development (ICRD) in fiscal year (FY) 1997. Most spending (over 90 percent) is for collaboration on common research problems among scientists from different countries. Aerospace S&T dominated spending, with biomedical science a distant second. This book finds that the federal government spent $4.4 billion on ICRD in FY 1997, an increase of $1.1 billion over FY 1995. However, this figure may reflect better data collection and increased reporting, rather than an actual increase in spending. The only notable change in the two-year period involves a substantial increase in cooperative activity with Russia, tied heavily to space-related projects.
Author: Caroline S. Wagner Publisher: RAND Corporation ISBN: 9780833025753 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The United States spends considerable sums on international cooperation in research and development (ICRD). Policymakers have expressed concerns about these cooperative activities. Some fear that the United States is paying more than its fair share of the work's cost. Others worry that the country is giving away critical technologies to potential foreign competitors. Additional concerns have been voiced that cooperative programs subordinate the interests of true science to strategic or political ends. These claims are difficult to test, however, for a number of reasons: the large number of projects; the long timelines of projects; and the focus on reporting research results, not measuring larger benefits. This report uses information from the RAND RaDiUS research and development (R&D) database, complemented by agency interviews, to catalogue international cooperative R&D and to construct a framework for assessing benefits the United States may derive from participation in such research. Based on the framework of metrics developed for this project, the author also presents a case study examining cooperation in earthquake sciences and seismology to test the ability of these metrics to provide feedback on benefits.
Author: Heiko Prange-Gstöhl Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1849807116 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
In a globalized knowledge-economy, the European Union (EU) needs a new approach to its international science and technology (S & T) policies by focusing on improved coherence across the different tiers of government and by demonstrating leadership in tackling serious global challenges. The contributors to this book analyze European S & T policies in several areas of global concern as well as by exposing both the pitfalls of policy coordination and its potential to contribute to a more coherent international S & T policy. They highlight the interactions between national, European and international po.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309055296 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
This unique volume contains a powerful set of recommendations on issues at the center of international discussions on investment, trade, and technology policy. They take into account the globalization of industrial activity and the special characteristics of high-technology industries while recognizing the continued policy role of national governments. The book identifies the rationale for promotional measures for high-technology industries, delineates sources of friction among the leading industrial countries, and proposes policies to enhance international cooperation and strengthen the multilateral trading regime. This volume also examines the factors driving collaboration among otherwise competing firms and national programs, highlights the need to develop principles of equitable public and private international cooperation, and emphasizes the linkage between investment, government procurement, and other trade policies and prospects for enhanced international cooperation.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Publisher: ISBN: Category : Energy policy Languages : en Pages : 360
Author: Vasily Erokhin Publisher: IGI Global, Business Science Reference ISBN: 9781522569541 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"This book addresses the major challenges to international cooperation for the development of the Arctic in view of the rapid growth in exploration and utilization of Arctic natural and environmental resources and transport connectivity between Europe, Asia, and North America. It covers the contemporary issues of international cooperation on the sustainable development of the Arctic"--
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Caroline S. Wagner
Author: Caroline S. Wagner
Author: Heiko Prange-Gstöhl
Author: National Research Council
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration
Author: Vasily Erokhin
Author: Kenneth King
Author: United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Author: Martha Krebs-Leidecker