Persistent Inequalities PDF Download

Author: Howard Botwinick
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004269592
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386

View

Book Description
In contrast to orthodox theory, Howard Botwinick uses a classical Marxist analysis of real capitalist competition to show that substantial patterns of wage disparity among similar workers can persist despite high levels of competition in both capital and labor markets.

Author: Mary Evans
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0745689957
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200

View

Book Description
Despite centuries of campaigning, women still earn less and have less power than men. Equality remains a goal not yet reached. In this incisive account of why this is the case, Mary Evans argues that optimistic narratives of progress and emancipation have served to obscure long-term structural inequalities between women and men, structural inequalities which are not only about gender but also about general social inequality. In widening the lenses on the persistence of gender inequality, Evans shows how in contemporary debates about social inequality gender is often ignored, implicitly side-lining critical aspects of relations between women and men. This engaging short book attempts to join up some of the dots in the ways that we think about both social and gender inequality, and offers a new perspective on a problem that still demands society’s full attention.

Author: Irene Tinker
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN: 9780195061581
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 302

View

Book Description
Synthesizing the vast amount of research done in the last two decades on the roles of women in economic development, this anthology provides both a historical and political overview of the field and a careful examination of major areas of current research. The volume brings together essays by women and men from an international field of scholars representing a wide spectrum of disciplines, including women's studies, economics, sociology, political science, and anthropology. The eminent contributors include Ester Boserup, whose work established the theoretical foundation for the study of women's roles in economic development; she offers a succinct account of her theories as an introduction to the other essays. The first part of the book places the field in a broad historical perspective, showing how far it has come and where it is going, and sets the stage for the ensuing debate in which renowned scholars such as Amartya Sen, Hanna Papanek, Joycelin Massiah, Simi Afonja, and Vina Mazumdar explore in detail two of the most important issues confronting women in the Third World today: the intrahousehold distribution of income and resources and the persistence of patriarchy. A unique contribution to the study of women in developing countries, Persistent Inequalities is certain to become a standard resource for courses in women's studies, development economics, political science, urban studies, sociology, and agricultural development.

Author: Pablo Vommaro
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030904954
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277

View

Book Description
This book adopts a multidimensional approach to analyze both the historical and emerging factors that contribute to make Latin America and the Caribbean the most unequal region in the world. Social inequality is a historical characteristic of the region, but at the beginning of the 21st century, a handful of progressive governments seemed to be adopting policies that could reduce this historical trend. Many of these efforts, however, were blocked or reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which both exposed the persistence of historical trends and contributed to the emergency of new forms of inequality in the region. The different chapters in this contributed volume adopt a multidimensional, intersectional, perspective to analyze both the persistence and the emergency of social devices of production and reproduction of inequalities in the diverse Latin American and Caribbean temporal spatialities. The issues analyzed in the different chapters revolve around four main axes: a) persistence of generational and intergenerational inequalities; b) structural gender inequality; c) intertwined social inequalities: race, class and social structure and; c) historical and economic dimension of inequality. Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America: A Multidimensional Approach will be of interest to researchers interested in the study of social inequality and social justice in different fields of the human and social sciences, such as sociology, political science, history, economics, anthropology and education. It will also be a valuable tool for policy makers and social activists engaged in the discussion, advocacy and implementation of public policies aimed at reducing social inequalities.

Author: Kristen Schilt
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226738086
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 232

View

Book Description
The fact that men and women continue to receive unequal treatment at work is a point of contention among politicians, the media, and scholars. Common explanations for this disparity range from biological differences between the sexes to the conscious and unconscious biases that guide hiring and promotion decisions. Just One of the Guys? sheds new light on this phenomenon by analyzing the unique experiences of transgender men—people designated female at birth whose gender identity is male—on the job. Kristen Schilt draws on in-depth interviews and observational data to show that while individual transmen have varied experiences, overall their stories are a testament to systemic gender inequality. The reactions of coworkers and employers to transmen, Schilt demonstrates, reveal the ways assumptions about innate differences between men and women serve as justification for discrimination. She finds that some transmen gain acceptance—and even privileges—by becoming “just one of the guys,” that some are coerced into working as women or marginalized for being openly transgender, and that other forms of appearance-based discrimination also influence their opportunities. Showcasing the voices of a frequently overlooked group, Just One of the Guys? lays bare the social processes that foster forms of inequality that affect us all.

Author: Yossi Shavit
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780813311210
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 396

View

Book Description
This book encompasses a systematic, comparative study of change in educational stratification in thirteen industrialized countries, exploring which societal conditions help reduce existing inequalities in educational opportunity. The contributors show that in most industrialized countries inequalities in educational opportunity among students from different social strata have been remarkably stable since the early twentieth century. Only in Sweden and the Netherlands has there been a reduction in educational inequalities. The improvements are attributed to aggressive social welfare policies that have equalized living conditions and overall life opportunities in the two countries. Interestingly, the social policies of former socialist states did not produce similar advances - a finding consistent with assertions that under socialism the bureaucratic elites were as effective in protecting the interests of their own children as were elites in many capitalist societies. In contrast to the persistence of socio-economic inequalities in educational opportunity, the gender gap in education has narrowed in all thirteen countries. In fact, in some countries women now attain higher mean levels of education than men. The book concludes with an integrative methodological chapter that introduces new methods of dealing with observed and unobserved sources of heterogeneity in models of educational attainment. The highly structured analyses of educational systems in the thirteen countries allow illuminating comparisons without sacrificing the specialized knowledge required to understand the particularities of each system.

Author: F. Stewart
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230582729
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 380

View

Book Description
Drawing on econometric evidence and in-depth studies of West Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia, this book explores how horizontal inequalities - ethnic, religious or racial - are a source of violent conflict and how political, economic and cultural status inequalities have contributed. Policies to reverse inequality would reduce these risks.

Author: William A. Darity (Jr.)
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 212

View

Book Description
The authors assess the extent of black economic progress in the U.S. since World War II and forecast the development of the black-white income gap into the 21st century. Competing explanatory theories for the gap are examined and ameliorative policies are explored. They conclude that current policies will be insufficient to close the gap in the future. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author: Johan P. Mackenbach
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198831412
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 253

View

Book Description
The world we live in is hugely unequal. People in a better socioeconomic position do not only lead more comfortable lives, but also longer and healthier lives. This is true not only in the poorer parts of the world but also in the richest countries, including the advanced welfare states of Western Europe which have successfully pushed back poverty and other forms of material disadvantage. Why are health inequalities - systematically higher rates of disease, disability, and premature death among people with a lower level of education, occupation or income - so persistent? How can we expect to reduce this when it persists even in the most advanced states? Written by a leading figure in public health, this book looks to answer these questions by taking a broad, critical look at the scientific evidence surrounding the explanation of health inequalities, including recent findings from the fields of epidemiology, sociology, psychology, economics, and genetics. It concludes that a simplistic view, in which health inequalities are a direct consequence of social inequality, does not tell us the full story. Drawing upon a unique series of studies covering 30 European countries and more than three decades of observations, it shows that health inequalities are partly driven by autonomous forces that are difficult to counteract, such as educational expansion, increased social mobility, and rapid but differential health improvements. Finally, the book explores how we might use these new findings to continue our efforts to build a healthier and more equal future. Offering a truly multidisciplinary perspective and an accessible writing style, Health Inequalities is an indispensable resource for health researchers, professionals, and policy-makers, as well as for social scientists interested in inequality.

Author: Earl Wysong
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1442266465
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 225

View

Book Description
Forbes reports that the richest 1 percent of the world’s population owns nearly half the world’s wealth, and the gap between the richest and poorest of the world only continues to increase. Deep Inequality looks behind these stark statistics to understand not only wealth inequality but also rising disparities in other elements of life—from education to the media. The authors argue that inequality has become so pervasive that it is the new normal. When we do recognize troubling inequality, we look at individual or small-scale problems without understanding the broader structural issues that shape the economy, the global political system, and more. Only by understanding the structural forces at play can we recognize the deep divisions in our society and work for meaningful change. Deep Inequality explains the changing landscape of inequality to help readers see society in a new way.