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Author: George Rainey. Jr. Publisher: Nubian Pageant Systems, Inc. ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
1. What were the two-legal slavery periods in America? 2. When was the 1st Freedom document issued for the [overground] White Slave Survivors in the Virginia Colony? 3. When was the 2nd Freedom document issued for the [underground] White Slave Survivors in the United States? 4. Why were White Slave Survivors [of the Virginia Colony] paid Reparations, but not African Slave Survivors (13th Amendment)? 5. Are you familiar with what the "Jim Crow Laws" were? 6. Why does the issuance of Reparations to the White Slave Survivors represent a legal precedent (Case Law)? 7.Who was the historian that described the White Slave Virginia Colony as it "…was ruled during that period by laws written in blood; and repeatedly suffered an extremity of distress too horrible to be described?" 8. Out of the 5-consecutive time-periods associated with the Legal System of Indentured Servitude, when and how long did the 1st period last? 9. Why was "Martial Laws" used during the 1st 12 years of the Virginia Colony, 1607 to 1619 AD? 10. What was the documented message in 1624 AD from the White Slave Survivors of the Virginia Colony to us, the later generations? 11. Are you familiar with the inventions that African Americans contributed towards the United States since 1790 AD?
Author: George Rainey. Jr. Publisher: Nubian Pageant Systems, Inc. ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
1. What were the two-legal slavery periods in America? 2. When was the 1st Freedom document issued for the [overground] White Slave Survivors in the Virginia Colony? 3. When was the 2nd Freedom document issued for the [underground] White Slave Survivors in the United States? 4. Why were White Slave Survivors [of the Virginia Colony] paid Reparations, but not African Slave Survivors (13th Amendment)? 5. Are you familiar with what the "Jim Crow Laws" were? 6. Why does the issuance of Reparations to the White Slave Survivors represent a legal precedent (Case Law)? 7.Who was the historian that described the White Slave Virginia Colony as it "…was ruled during that period by laws written in blood; and repeatedly suffered an extremity of distress too horrible to be described?" 8. Out of the 5-consecutive time-periods associated with the Legal System of Indentured Servitude, when and how long did the 1st period last? 9. Why was "Martial Laws" used during the 1st 12 years of the Virginia Colony, 1607 to 1619 AD? 10. What was the documented message in 1624 AD from the White Slave Survivors of the Virginia Colony to us, the later generations? 11. Are you familiar with the inventions that African Americans contributed towards the United States since 1790 AD?
Author: William A. Darity Jr. Publisher: UNC Press Books ISBN: 1469671212 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. This compelling and sharply argued book addresses economic injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. descendants of slavery. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War and offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. black descendant of slavery. This new edition features a new foreword addressing the latest developments on the local, state, and federal level and considering current prospects for a comprehensive reparations program.
Author: Andre M. Perry Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 0815737289 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 271
Book Description
The deliberate devaluation of Blacks and their communities has had very real, far-reaching, and negative economic and social effects. An enduring white supremacist myth claims brutal conditions in Black communities are mainly the result of Black people's collective choices and moral failings. “That's just how they are” or “there's really no excuse”: we've all heard those not so subtle digs. But there is nothing wrong with Black people that ending racism can't solve. We haven't known how much the country will gain by properly valuing homes and businesses, family structures, voters, and school districts in Black neighborhoods. And we need to know. Noted educator, journalist, and scholar Andre Perry takes readers on a tour of six Black-majority cities whose assets and strengths are undervalued. Perry begins in his hometown of Wilkinsburg, a small city east of Pittsburgh that, unlike its much larger neighbor, is struggling and failing to attract new jobs and industry. Bringing his own personal story of growing up in Black-majority Wilkinsburg, Perry also spotlights five others where he has deep connections: Detroit, Birmingham, New Orleans, Atlanta, and Washington, D.C. He provides an intimate look at the assets that should be of greater value to residents—and that can be if they demand it. Perry provides a new means of determining the value of Black communities. Rejecting policies shaped by flawed perspectives of the past and present, it gives fresh insights on the historical effects of racism and provides a new value paradigm to limit them in the future. Know Your Price demonstrates the worth of Black people's intrinsic personal strengths, real property, and traditional institutions. These assets are a means of empowerment and, as Perry argues in this provocative and very personal book, are what we need to know and understand to build Black prosperity.
Author: Ana Lucia Araujo Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1350297682 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
Slavery and the Atlantic slave trade are among the most heinous crimes against humanity committed in the modern era. Yet, to this day no former slave society in the Americas has paid reparations to former slaves or their descendants. Ana Lucia Araujo shows that these calls for reparations have persevered over a long and difficult history. She traces the ways in which enslaved and freed individuals have conceptualized the idea of reparations since the 18th century in petitions, correspondence, pamphlets, public speeches, slave narratives, and judicial claims. Taking the reader through the era of slavery, emancipation, post-abolition, and the present day and drawing on the voices of various of enslaved peoples and their descendants, the book illuminates the multiple dimensions of the demands of reparations. This new edition boasts a new chapter on the global impact of the Black Lives Matter movement, the seismic effect of the killing of George Floyd, calls for university reparations and the dismantling of statues. Updated throughout, this edition includes primary sources, further readings, and many illustrations.
Author: Jim Downs Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199908788 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Bondspeople who fled from slavery during and after the Civil War did not expect that their flight toward freedom would lead to sickness, disease, suffering, and death. But the war produced the largest biological crisis of the nineteenth century, and as historian Jim Downs reveals in this groundbreaking volume, it had deadly consequences for hundreds of thousands of freed people. In Sick from Freedom, Downs recovers the untold story of one of the bitterest ironies in American history--that the emancipation of the slaves, seen as one of the great turning points in U.S. history, had devastating consequences for innumerable freed people. Drawing on massive new research into the records of the Medical Division of the Freedmen's Bureau-a nascent national health system that cared for more than one million freed slaves-he shows how the collapse of the plantation economy released a plague of lethal diseases. With emancipation, African Americans seized the chance to move, migrating as never before. But in their journey to freedom, they also encountered yellow fever, smallpox, cholera, dysentery, malnutrition, and exposure. To address this crisis, the Medical Division hired more than 120 physicians, establishing some forty underfinanced and understaffed hospitals scattered throughout the South, largely in response to medical emergencies. Downs shows that the goal of the Medical Division was to promote a healthy workforce, an aim which often excluded a wide range of freedpeople, including women, the elderly, the physically disabled, and children. Downs concludes by tracing how the Reconstruction policy was then implemented in the American West, where it was disastrously applied to Native Americans. The widespread medical calamity sparked by emancipation is an overlooked episode of the Civil War and its aftermath, poignantly revealed in Sick from Freedom.
Author: Randall Robinson Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 110119149X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Both an unflinching indictment of past wrongs and an impassioned call to America to educate its citizens about the history of Africa and its people, The Debt says in no uncertain terms what white America owes blacks—and what blacks owe themselves. In this powerful and controversial book, distinguished African-American political leader and thinker Randall Robinson argues for the restoration of the rich history that slavery and segregation severed. Drawing from research and personal experience, he shows that only by reclaiming their lost past and proud heritage can blacks lay the foundation for their future. And white Americans can begin making reparations for slavery and the century of racial discrimination that followed with monetary restitution, educational programs, and the kinds of equal opportunities that will ensure the social and economic success of all citizens. “Engaging...Robinson continues an important conversation...His anecdotes support his attempts to reclaim African American heritage and empower African Americans.”—The Washington Post
Author: David Horowitz Publisher: ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
In this well researched and carefully argued book, Horowitz traces the origins of the reparations movement and its implications for American education and culture.
Author: Boris Bittker Publisher: Beacon Press ISBN: 9780807009819 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
The groundbreaking first book on black reparations, essential reading for the twenty-first century Originally published in 1972, Boris Bittker's riveting study of America's debt to African-Americans was well ahead of its time. Published by Toni Morrison when she was an editor, the book came from an unlikely source: Bittker was a white professor of law at Yale University who had long been ambivalent about the idea of reparations. Through his research into the history and theory of reparations-namely the development and enforcement of lawsdesigned to compensate groups for injustices imposed on them-he found that it wasn't a'crazy, far-fetched idea.' In fact, beginning with post-Civil War demands for forty acres and a mule, African-American thinkers have long made the case that compensatory measures are justified not only for the injury of slavery but for the further setbacks of almost a century of Jim Crow laws and forced school and job segregation, measures that effectively blocked African-Americans from enjoying the privledges of citizenship. The publication of important recent books by black scholars like Randall Robinson and the growth of a highly vocal reparations movement in the beginning of this century make this book, long unavailable, essential reading. Bittker carefully illuminates the historical provisions and statutes for legitimate claims to reparations, the national and international precedents for such claims, and most important, the obstacles to a national policy of reparations.
Author: Mary Frances Berry Publisher: Vintage ISBN: 9780307538710 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
Acclaimed historian Mary Frances Berry resurrects the remarkable story of ex-slave Callie House who, seventy years before the civil-rights movement, demanded reparations for ex-slaves. A widowed Nashville washerwoman and mother of five, House (1861-1928) went on to fight for African American pensions based on those offered to Union soldiers, brilliantly targeting $68 million in taxes on seized rebel cotton and demanding it as repayment for centuries of unpaid labor. Here is the fascinating story of a forgotten civil rights crusader: a woman who emerges as a courageous pioneering activist, a forerunner of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.
Author: Ronald P. Salzberger Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 9780742514768 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
Reparations for Slavery: A Reader is a collection of essays on the topic of reparations for slavery in the United States. Unlike other readers on the topic, the selections in this volume provide rich historical context by giving the reader a vivid sense of the injuries inflicted by slavery, its aftermath, and the continuing history of state-supported discrimination. Visit our website for sample chapters!
Author: George Rainey. Jr.
Author: George Rainey. Jr.
Author: William A. Darity Jr.
Author: Andre M. Perry
Author: Ana Lucia Araujo
Author: Jim Downs
Author: Randall Robinson
Author: David Horowitz
Author: Boris Bittker
Author: Mary Frances Berry
Author: Ronald P. Salzberger