Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 PDF Download

Author: Robert MacDougall
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812245695
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 344

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Book Description
The Bell System dominated telecommunications in the United States and Canada for most of the twentieth century, but its monopoly was not inevitable. In the decades around 1900, ordinary citizens—farmers, doctors, small-town entrepreneurs—established tens of thousands of independent telephone systems, stringing their own wires to bring this new technology to the people. Managed by opportunists and idealists alike, these small businesses were motivated not only by profit but also by the promise of open communication as a weapon against monopoly capital and for protection of regional autonomy. As the Bell empire grew, independents fought fiercely to retain control of their local networks and companies—a struggle with an emerging corporate giant that has been almost entirely forgotten. The People's Network reconstructs the story of the telephone's contentious beginnings, exploring the interplay of political economy, business strategy, and social practice in the creation of modern North American telecommunications. Drawing from government documents in the United States and Canada, independent telephone journals and publications, and the archives of regional Bell operating companies and their rivals, Robert MacDougall locates the national debates over the meaning, use, and organization of the telephone industry as a turning point in the history of information networks. The competing businesses represented dueling political philosophies: regional versus national identity and local versus centralized power. Although independent telephone companies did not win their fight with big business, they fundamentally changed the way telecommunications were conceived.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations
Languages : en
Pages : 908

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Author: Raymond L Bryant
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 0857936174
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Book Description
The International Handbook of Political Ecology features chapters by leading scholars from around the world in a unique collection exploring the multi-disciplinary field of political ecology. This landmark volume canvasses key developments, topics, iss

Author: International Labour Office
Publisher: International Labour Organization
ISBN: 9221134679
Category : Indigenous peoples
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Book Description
"The purpose of this publication is to make it easier to understand and use ILO Convention No.169. This convention is the foremost international legal instrument which deals specificially with the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples". (text taken from introduction)

Author: Irene Bellier
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317371496
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 303

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Book Description
This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the complicated power relations surrounding the recognition and implementation of Indigenous Peoples’ rights at multiple scales. The adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007 was heralded as the beginning of a new era for Indigenous Peoples’ participation in global governance bodies, as well as for the realization of their rights – in particular, the right to self-determination. These rights are defined and agreed upon internationally, but must be enacted at regional, national, and local scales. Can the global movement to promote Indigenous Peoples’ rights change the experience of communities at the local level? Or are the concepts that it mobilizes, around rights and political tools, essentially a discourse circulating internationally, relatively disconnected from practical situations? Are the categories and processes associated with Indigenous Peoples simply an extension of colonial categories and processes, or do they challenge existing norms and structures? This collection draws together the works of anthropologists, political scientists, and legal scholars to address such questions. Examining the legal, historical, political, economic, and cultural dimensions of the Indigenous Peoples' rights movement, at global, regional, national, and local levels, the chapters present a series of case studies that reveal the complex power relations that inform the ongoing struggles of Indigenous Peoples to secure their human rights. The book will be of interest to social scientists and legal scholars studying Indigenous Peoples’ rights, and international human rights movements in general.

Author: Charles Randall Barnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bible
Languages : en
Pages : 1340

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Author: Marisa Elena Duarte
Publisher: University of Washington Press
ISBN: 029574183X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207

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Book Description
In 2012, the United Nations General Assembly determined that affordable Internet access is a human right, critical to citizen participation in democratic governments. Given the significance of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to social and political life, many U.S. tribes and Native organizations have created their own projects, from streaming radio to building networks to telecommunications advocacy. In Network Sovereignty, Marisa Duarte examines these ICT projects to explore the significance of information flows and information systems to Native sovereignty, and toward self-governance, self-determination, and decolonization. By reframing how tribes and Native organizations harness these technologies as a means to overcome colonial disconnections, Network Sovereignty shifts the discussion of information and communication technologies in Native communities from one of exploitation to one of Indigenous possibility.

Author: Kathryn W. Shanley
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
ISBN: 0816531528
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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Book Description
Mapping Indigenous Presence presents a set of comparativeIndigenous studies essays with contemporary perspectives, attesting tothe importance of the roles Indigenous people have played as overseersof their own lands and resources, as creators of their own culturalrichness, and as political entities capable of governing themselves.This interdisciplinary collection explores the Indigenous experience ofS�mi peoples of Norway and Native Americans of Montana in theirrespective contexts--yet they are in many ways distinctlydifferent within the body politic of their respective countries.Although they share similarities as Indigenous peoples withinnation-states and inhabit somewhat similar geographies, their culturesand histories differ significantly.

Author: Steven L. Danver
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317464001
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1030

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Book Description
This work examines the world's indigenous peoples, their cultures, the countries in which they reside, and the issues that impact these groups.

Author: Lorna Roth
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN: 9780773528567
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 324

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Book Description
A definitive history of the pioneering efforts of Television Northern Canada and APTN.