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Author: Ian C. Hope Publisher: ISBN: Category : Balkan Peninsula Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The Warsaw Summit affirmed Alliance interest in and commitment to many geographic regions and nations, without stating priorities. The Western Balkans drew attention, with Serbia, Kosovo and Montenegro receiving specific mention in the Summit Communiqué. However, the Summit promoted a continuance of current NATO activity in this region, not a shift of amelioration. Implicit in this is that the status quo, a small NATO force in Kosovo to enhance security and several liaison offices to monitor partnership activity and the application of the Membership Action Plan in the other Western Balkan states, is sufficient. This paper will argue that such efforts are too small and disjointed to meet the growing challenges in the region, especially given NATO's obligation to conflict prevention in the wake of its significant and successful interventions there in 1996 and 1999. The Warsaw Summit also involved discussion on a re-invigorated line of effort around 'projecting stability.' Paragraphs 80-85 of the Communiqué explain the importance of stability projection, but with clear implication that this really only involves enhanced partnership activity, Defence and Related Security Capacity Building (DCB), and gauging reform needed for membership accession. Absent from the Communiqué is commitment to power projection to shore up regional security and enforce stability if required. Given the effectiveness of large-scale NATO interventions in the Balkans twenty years ago, it is strange that projecting stability does not explicitly include potential deployment of a full range of military capabilities to adequately allow the Alliance to meet the broadest range of challenges. This paper will argue that as NATO begins to seriously debate missions for 'projecting stability' outside of Article 5 boundaries, with special focus on the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region, it might be wise to first consider doing so where proximity demands immediacy of action with sizable projection: the Western Balkans"--Introduction.
Author: Ian C. Hope Publisher: ISBN: Category : Balkan Peninsula Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The Warsaw Summit affirmed Alliance interest in and commitment to many geographic regions and nations, without stating priorities. The Western Balkans drew attention, with Serbia, Kosovo and Montenegro receiving specific mention in the Summit Communiqué. However, the Summit promoted a continuance of current NATO activity in this region, not a shift of amelioration. Implicit in this is that the status quo, a small NATO force in Kosovo to enhance security and several liaison offices to monitor partnership activity and the application of the Membership Action Plan in the other Western Balkan states, is sufficient. This paper will argue that such efforts are too small and disjointed to meet the growing challenges in the region, especially given NATO's obligation to conflict prevention in the wake of its significant and successful interventions there in 1996 and 1999. The Warsaw Summit also involved discussion on a re-invigorated line of effort around 'projecting stability.' Paragraphs 80-85 of the Communiqué explain the importance of stability projection, but with clear implication that this really only involves enhanced partnership activity, Defence and Related Security Capacity Building (DCB), and gauging reform needed for membership accession. Absent from the Communiqué is commitment to power projection to shore up regional security and enforce stability if required. Given the effectiveness of large-scale NATO interventions in the Balkans twenty years ago, it is strange that projecting stability does not explicitly include potential deployment of a full range of military capabilities to adequately allow the Alliance to meet the broadest range of challenges. This paper will argue that as NATO begins to seriously debate missions for 'projecting stability' outside of Article 5 boundaries, with special focus on the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region, it might be wise to first consider doing so where proximity demands immediacy of action with sizable projection: the Western Balkans"--Introduction.
Author: Roger D. Petersen Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139503308 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Conflicts involve powerful experiences. The residue of these experiences is captured by the concept and language of emotion. Indiscriminate killing creates fear; targeted violence produces anger and a desire for vengeance; political status reversals spawn resentment; cultural prejudices sustain ethnic contempt. These emotions can become resources for political entrepreneurs. A broad range of Western interventions are based on a view of human nature as narrowly rational. Correspondingly, intervention policy generally aims to alter material incentives ('sticks and carrots') to influence behavior. In response, poorer and weaker actors who wish to block or change this Western implemented 'game' use emotions as resources. This book examines the strategic use of emotion in the conflicts and interventions occurring in the Western Balkans over a twenty-year period. The book concentrates on the conflicts among Albanian and Slavic populations (Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, South Serbia), along with some comparisons to Bosnia.
Author: Tim Judah Publisher: Yale University Press ISBN: 9780300097252 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 410
Book Description
Om det spændte forhold mellem albanere og serbere i Kosovo, som har eksisteret siden middelalderen, og som til sidst førte til NATOs bombardement og Kosovos forvandling fra serbisk provins til internationalt protektorat
Author: Robert D. Kaplan Publisher: Random House Trade Paperbacks ISBN: 0812982223 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • In this “ambitious and challenging” (The New York Review of Books) work, the bestselling author of Monsoon and Balkan Ghosts offers a revelatory prism through which to view global upheavals and to understand what lies ahead for continents and countries around the world. In The Revenge of Geography, Robert D. Kaplan builds on the insights, discoveries, and theories of great geographers and geopolitical thinkers of the near and distant past to look back at critical pivots in history and then to look forward at the evolving global scene. Kaplan traces the history of the world’s hot spots by examining their climates, topographies, and proximities to other embattled lands. The Russian steppe’s pitiless climate and limited vegetation bred hard and cruel men bent on destruction, for example, while Nazi geopoliticians distorted geopolitics entirely, calculating that space on the globe used by the British Empire and the Soviet Union could be swallowed by a greater German homeland. Kaplan then applies the lessons learned to the present crises in Europe, Russia, China, the Indian subcontinent, Turkey, Iran, and the Arab Middle East. The result is a holistic interpretation of the next cycle of conflict throughout Eurasia. Remarkably, the future can be understood in the context of temperature, land allotment, and other physical certainties: China, able to feed only 23 percent of its people from land that is only 7 percent arable, has sought energy, minerals, and metals from such brutal regimes as Burma, Iran, and Zimbabwe, putting it in moral conflict with the United States. Afghanistan’s porous borders will keep it the principal invasion route into India, and a vital rear base for Pakistan, India’s main enemy. Iran will exploit the advantage of being the only country that straddles both energy-producing areas of the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Finally, Kaplan posits that the United States might rue engaging in far-flung conflicts with Iraq and Afghanistan rather than tending to its direct neighbor Mexico, which is on the verge of becoming a semifailed state due to drug cartel carnage. A brilliant rebuttal to thinkers who suggest that globalism will trump geography, this indispensable work shows how timeless truths and natural facts can help prevent this century’s looming cataclysms.
Author: Seumas Milne Publisher: Verso Books ISBN: 1781680914 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
From 9/11 to the Arab uprisings and beyond—encompassing the economic crisis, war on terror, rise of China and tide of change in Latin America—The Revenge of History turns the orthodoxies of the past generation on their head. In this coruscating account of the first decade of the twenty-first century, Seumas Milne presents a powerful indictment of a US global and corporate empire in—and its British and European camp followers. Milne traces the breakdown of a failed ‘free market’ system, exposes the power and resource grab driving western military interventions, explains the dynamo behind a roaring Chinese economy and highlights the social alternatives being developed in Latin America. Brilliant, bold and always incisive, The Revenge of History is essential reading for anyone wanting to understand what has gone wrong—and grasp the possibilities of an emerging future.
Author: Robert D. Kaplan Publisher: Picador ISBN: 1466868309 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 383
Book Description
From the assassination that triggered World War I to the ethnic warfare in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia, the Balkans have been the crucible of the twentieth century, the place where terrorism and genocide first became tools of policy. Chosen as one of the Best Books of the Year by The New York Times, and greeted with critical acclaim as "the most insightful and timely work on the Balkans to date" (The Boston Globe), Kaplan's prescient, enthralling, and often chilling political travelogue is already a modern classic. This new edition of Balkan Ghosts includes six opinion pieces written by Robert Kaplan about the Balkans between 1996 and 2000 beginning just after the implementation of the Dayton Peace Accords and ending after the conclusion of the Kosovo war, with the removal of Slobodan Milosevic from power.
Author: Katrin Boeckh Publisher: Berghahn Books ISBN: 1785337750 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 446
Book Description
Though persistently overshadowed by the Great War in historical memory, the two Balkan conflicts of 1912–1913 were among the most consequential of the early twentieth century. By pitting the states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro against a diminished Ottoman Empire—and subsequently against one another—they anticipated many of the horrors of twentieth-century warfare even as they produced the tense regional politics that helped spark World War I. Bringing together an international group of scholars, this volume applies the social and cultural insights of the “new military history” to revisit this critical episode with a central focus on the experiences of both combatants and civilians during wartime.
Author: Paul Mojzes Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1442206632 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
During the twentieth century, the Balkan Peninsula was affected by three major waves of genocides and ethnic cleansings, some of which are still being denied today. In Balkan Genocides Paul Mojzes provides a balanced and detailed account of these events, placing them in their proper historical context and debunking the common misrepresentations and misunderstandings of the genocides themselves. A native of Yugoslavia, Mojzes offers new insights into the Balkan genocides, including a look at the unique role of ethnoreligiosity in these horrific events and a characterization of the first and second Balkan wars as mutual genocides. Mojzes also looks to the region's future, discussing the ongoing trials at the International Criminal Tribunal in Yugoslavia and the prospects for dealing with the lingering issues between Balkan nations and different religions. Balkan Genocides attempts to end the vicious cycle of revenge which has fueled such horrors in the past century by analyzing the terrible events and how they came to pass.
Author: Marie-Janine Calic Publisher: Purdue University Press ISBN: 1612495648 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
Why did Yugoslavia fall apart? Was its violent demise inevitable? Did its population simply fall victim to the lure of nationalism? How did this multinational state survive for so long, and where do we situate the short life of Yugoslavia in the long history of Europe in the twentieth century? A History of Yugoslavia provides a concise, accessible, comprehensive synthesis of the political, cultural, social, and economic life of Yugoslavia—from its nineteenth-century South Slavic origins to the bloody demise of the multinational state of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Calic takes a fresh and innovative look at the colorful, multifaceted, and complex history of Yugoslavia, emphasizing major social, economic, and intellectual changes from the turn of the twentieth century and the transition to modern industrialized mass society. She traces the origins of ethnic, religious, and cultural divisions, applying the latest social science approaches, and drawing on the breadth of recent state-of-the-art literature, to present a balanced interpretation of events that takes into account the differing perceptions and interests of the actors involved. Uniquely, Calic frames the history of Yugoslavia for readers as an essentially open-ended process, undertaken from a variety of different regional perspectives with varied composite agenda. She shuns traditional, deterministic explanations that notorious Balkan hatreds or any other kind of exceptionalism are to blame for Yugoslavia’s demise, and along the way she highlights the agency of twentieth-century modern mass society in the politicization of differences. While analyzing nuanced political and social-economic processes, Calic describes the experiences and emotions of ordinary people in a vivid way. As a result, her groundbreaking work provides scholars and learned readers alike with an accessible, trenchant, and authoritative introduction to Yugoslavia's complex history.
Author: Ian C. Hope
Author: Ian C. Hope
Author: Roger D. Petersen
Author: Tim Judah
Author: Robert D. Kaplan
Author: Seumas Milne
Author: Robert D. Kaplan
Author: Katrin Boeckh
Author: Tim Judah
Author: Paul Mojzes
Author: Marie-Janine Calic