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Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309172772 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Each day, nearly 60 Americans receive a transplanted kidney, liver, or other organâ€"a literal "second chance at life"â€"but 11 others die waiting for an organ transplant. The number of donors, although rising, is not growing fast enough to meet the increasing demand. Intended to improve the current system of organ procurement and allocation, the "Final Rule," a 1998 regulation issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, sparked further controversy with its attempts to eliminate the apparent geographic disparities in the time an individual must wait for an organ. This book assesses the potential impact of the Final Rule on organ transplantation. It also presents new, original analyses of data, and assesses medical practices, social and economic observations, and other information on: access to transplantation services for low-income populations and racial and ethnic minority groups; organ donation rates; waiting times for transplantation; patient survival rates and organ failure rates leading to retransplantation; and cost of organ transplantation services.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309172772 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Each day, nearly 60 Americans receive a transplanted kidney, liver, or other organâ€"a literal "second chance at life"â€"but 11 others die waiting for an organ transplant. The number of donors, although rising, is not growing fast enough to meet the increasing demand. Intended to improve the current system of organ procurement and allocation, the "Final Rule," a 1998 regulation issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, sparked further controversy with its attempts to eliminate the apparent geographic disparities in the time an individual must wait for an organ. This book assesses the potential impact of the Final Rule on organ transplantation. It also presents new, original analyses of data, and assesses medical practices, social and economic observations, and other information on: access to transplantation services for low-income populations and racial and ethnic minority groups; organ donation rates; waiting times for transplantation; patient survival rates and organ failure rates leading to retransplantation; and cost of organ transplantation services.
Author: Roland N. Pittman Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615047212 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 117
Book Description
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309464870 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
The organ donation and transplantation system strives to honor the gift of donated organs by fully using those organs to save and improve the quality of the lives of their recipients. However, there are not enough donated organs to meet the demand and some donated organs may not be recovered, some recovered organs may not be transplanted, and some transplanted organs may not function adequately. Organ donor intervention research can test and assess interventions (e.g., medications, devices, and donor management protocols) to maintain or improve organ quality prior to, during, and following transplantation. The intervention is administered either while the organ is still in the deceased donor or after it is recovered from the donor but before it is transplanted into a recipient. Organ donor intervention research presents new challenges to the organ donation and transplantation community because of ethical questions about who should be considered a human subject in a research study, whose permission and oversight are needed, and how to ensure that such research does not threaten the equitable distribution of a scarce and valuable resource. Opportunities for Organ Donor Intervention Research focuses on the ethical, legal, regulatory, policy, and organizational issues relevant to the conduct of research in the United States involving deceased organ donors. This report provides recommendations for how to conduct organ donor intervention research in a manner that maintains high ethical standards, that ensures dignity and respect for deceased organ donors and their families, that provides transparency and information for transplant candidates who might receive a research organ, and that supports and sustains the public's trust in the process of organ donation and transplantation.
Author: Joshua Mezrich Publisher: ISBN: 9781786498892 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
A beautifully written and compelling memoir of a largely unexplored area of medicine: transplant surgery. Leading transplant surgeon Dr Joshua Mezrich creates life from loss, moving organs from one body to another. In this intimate, profoundly moving work, he examines more than one hundred years of remarkable medical breakthroughs, connecting this fascinating history with the stories of his own patients. Gripping and evocative, How Death Becomes Life takes us inside the operating room and presents the stark dilemmas that transplant surgeons must face daily: How much risk should a healthy person be allowed to take to save someone she loves? Should a patient suffering from alcoholism receive a healthy liver? The human story behind the most exceptional medicine of our time, Mezrich's riveting book is a poignant reminder that a life lost can also offer the hope of a new beginning.
Author: Andrzej Baranski Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1848002513 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
The book encompasses Dr Baranski’s 20 year experience in the field of abdominal organ donation. It is a step-by-step guide with photographs and drawings with clear explanations highlighting pitfalls. The book quickly and easily guides the reader through the difficult steps during organ procurement. It is mainly illustration-based, without much text, and covers surgical technical mistakes and organ damage.
Author: Mohammed Ali Al-Bar Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319184288 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects. For each topic, the current medical evidence is followed by a detailed discussion of the ethical issues involved.
Author: Glynn Wilson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475702868 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
In recent years there have been rapid advances in the growth and differentiation of mammalian cells in culture. This has led to increasing use of such in vitro systems in a wide variety of studies on fundamental aspects of cell structure and function, including normal growth and metabolism, mechanisms of differentiation and oncogenesis, mechanisms of protein and membrane synthesis and cell polarity. Recent advances in our ability to grow cells, including human cells, on permeable supports, to generate confluent cellular barriers with the morphological polarity corresponding to their in vivo counterparts has greatly facilitated such studies. In particular these new techniques have led to an increasing interest in the use of cell and tissue culture systems as a means for examining the transport of drugs across epithelial and endothelial barriers. An obvious question is whether these new in vitro methodologies will provide convenient systems that can substitute for and replace animal models. Various research groups both in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry have been investigating these types of methodologies in order to develop convenient well characterized systems that can be used to examine basic aspects of transcellular transport and to evaluate the permeability of drug molecules and delivery systems. Of particular note is use of confluent cell layers to study the transport of large molecules such as peptides and proteins produced through recombinant DNA technology.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Roland N. Pittman
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: G. Giebisch
Author: Joshua Mezrich
Author: Andrzej Baranski
Author: 
Author: Mohammed Ali Al-Bar
Author: Glynn Wilson
Author: J. Gordon Betts