Author: van de Ralf J. BeekPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Book Description
Dealing with Protectionist Standard Setting
Author: van de Ralf J. BeekPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Book Description
The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis
Author: Richard E. BaldwinPublisher:
ISBN: 9781907142239
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Book Description
The global financial crisis of 2008/9 is the Great Depression of the 21st century. For many though, the similarities stop at the Wall Street Crash as the current generation of policymakers have acted quickly to avoid the mistakes of the past. Yet the global crisis has made room for mistakes all of its own. While governments have apparently kept to their word on refraining from protectionist measures in the style of 1930s tariffs, there has been a disturbing rise in "murky protectionism." Seemingly benign, these crisis-linked policies are twisted to favour domestic firms, workers and investors. This book, first published as an eBook on VoxEU.org in March 2009, brings together leading trade policy practitioners and experts - including Australian Trade Minister Simon Crean and former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo. Initially its aim was to advise policymakers heading in to the G20 meeting in London, but since the threat of murky protectionism persists, so too do their warnings.
International Standardization and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
Author: Andrea Barrios VillarrealPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108584470
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
International Standardization and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade examines the international standardization system generally, with a specific focus on some of the bodies within this system, along with their rules and procedures. It also examines - and questions - the lack of definition regarding several features related to the system, notably an international standardizing body (ISB) and international standards in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Andrea Barrios Villarreal, who has been involved in standardization activities for more than seven years, provides a unique and in-depth analysis that will be useful to scholars, students and practitioners. This illuminating work is a welcome addition to the international economic law literature and should be read by anyone with an interest in the interaction between trade law and international standardization.
Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition of Standards in WTO Law
Author: Humberto Zúñiga SchroderPublisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041142754
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
Standards are a feature of virtually all areas of trade in products and services. Yet, although standards may achieve an efficient economic exchange, they have discriminatory consequences for trading partners when governments formulate or apply them in such a way as to cause obstacles to trade, thus enrolling standards among the increasingly significant ‘non-tariff barriers’ regulated by the WTO. This unique and original study analyses the functions that standards fulfil in the market, their effect on trade, and the legal regime based on harmonization, equivalence and mutual recognition developed by the WTO to deal with standards. The author investigates the way in which both the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures Agreements regulate these three tools, and discusses key topics including: The definition of the concept ‘International Standard’ in the TBT Agreement. Guidelines on equivalence issued by organizations such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the World Organization for Animal Health and the International Plant Protection Convention. Parallels between the EC mutual recognition regime and the WTO system. This is the first work on its subject. With its detailed and practical analysis of WTO law on standards, the book is a fundamental reference for practitioners, academics and policy makers in international trade law.
Standard-Setting at UNESCO
Author: Abdulqawi A. YusufPublisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9047422198
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 430
Book Description
Standard-setting represents one of the main constitutional functions of UNESCO and an important tool for realizing the goals for which the Organization was created. In addition to conventions and recommendations, the declarations adopted by the General Conference promulgate principles and norms intended to inspire the action of Member States in specific fields of activity. This first of a two-volume work on Standard-setting in UNESCO contains the essays presented at a symposium held on the occasion of its sixtieth anniversary. Topics addressed in Normative Action in Education, Science and Culture include methods of elaboration and implementation; constitutional objectives and legal commitments; international collaboration; and impact. Co-publication with the UNESCO.
The Risk-Based Approach to Data Protection
Author: Raphaël GellertPublisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198837712
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 305
Book Description
The concept of a risk-based approach to data protection came to the fore during the overhaul process of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). At its core, it consists of endowing the regulated organizations that process personal data with increased responsibility for complying with data protection mandates. Such increased compliance duties are performed through risk management tools. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of this legal and policy development, which considers a legal, historical, and theoretical perspective. By framing the risk-based approach as a sui generis implementation of a specific regulation model known as meta regulation, this book provides a recollection of the policy developments that led to the adoption of the risk-based approach in light of regulation theory and debates. It also discusses a number of salient issues pertaining to the risk-based approach, such as its rationale, scope, and meaning; the role for regulators; and its potential and limits. The book also looks at they way it has been undertaken in major statutes with a focus on key provisions, such as data protection impact assessments or accountability. Finally, the book devotes considerable attention to the notion of risk. It explains key terms such as risk assessment and management. It discusses in-depth the role of harms in data protection, the meaning of a data protection risk, and the difference between risks and harms. It also critically analyses prevalent data protection risk management methodologies and explains the most important caveats for managing data protection risks.
Standard-setting in UNESCO.
Author: Abdulqawi A. YusufPublisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 9004164502
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431
Book Description
Standard-setting represents one of the main constitutional functions of UNESCO and an important tool for realizing the goals for which the organization was created. In addition to conventions and recommendations, the declarations adopted by the General Conference promulgate principles and norms intended to inspire the action of member states in specific fields of activity. Topics addressed in the first volume include methods of elaboration and implementation, constitutional objectives and legal commitments, international collaboration, and impact. Volume 2 contains conventions and agreements adopted by the General Conference and by intergovernmental conferences convened by UNESO itself or jointly by UNESCO and other international organizations as well as the recommendations issued by the General Conference, and UNESCO declarations. Together, these two volumes compose an invaluable commentary and reference work that should be of interest to scholars, practitioners, diplomats, policy-makers and students of international organizations.--Publisher's description.
TRIPS Agreement of the WTO
Author: Mohammad Towhidul IslamPublisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1443864986
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
This book examines the application of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in the fields of agriculture, public health and economic development in a Least Developed Country (LDC) such as Bangladesh. In particular, it evaluates the question whether the TRIPS’ one-size-fits-all approach compulsorily applicable for all countries, irrespective of their development standing, fulfils the developmental needs of Bangladesh and other such LDCs in the fields of agriculture, public health and economic development. The book shows that the TRIPS’ introduction of IPRs in the name of Plant Varieties Protection (PVP) and patents not only secures private sector investment in agriculture but also brings traditional agricultural practices within the spectrum of private monopoly, increases the price of agricultural products and forces people into dependency on engineered seeds and other agricultural inputs. To guard against such trade rules, this book recommends that Bangladesh should incorporate the TRIPS flexibilities in the form of redefining patentable invention, choosing between patents and PVP and providing for compulsory licensing. This book also reveals that the TRIPS patenting in pharmaceuticals encourages innovations by ensuring royalty collections and protects public health by raising standards of living. However, patenting offers exclusivity to pharmaceutical companies, extending the duration of the patent term and establishing their control over production, supply and distribution. Such control results in exclusivity over drug pricing. The flexibilities of the compliance deadline, compulsory licensing, and parallel importation built into the TRIPS are set to tackle untenable situations arising from patenting exclusivity. However, patent laws in most LDCs are out-dated in terms of dealing with such flexibilities. Given this, the research recommends that Bangladesh should invoke the TRIPS flexibilities. The author of this book further establishes that the TRIPS’ standard-setting in agriculture and pharmaceuticals does not help the country to fulfil subsistence needs or promote economic development through innovation. However, the appropriation of agricultural and pharmaceutical goods during the use of the TRIPS flexibilities has the potential to feed the people, protect public health interests and increase economic development with the supply of food and drugs at home and abroad. To this end, the research asks Bangladesh to reform its existing IPRs provisions by redefining patentable inventions and simplifying compulsory licensing and other differential treatments to appropriate foreign technologies.
Long-lived legacy : managing high-level and transuranic waste at the DOE nuclear weapons complex.
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428921591
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Book Description
Investment Protection Standards and the Rule of Law
Author: August ReinischPublisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192679805
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 417
Book Description
This thoughtfully edited volume brings together leading scholars in the field to explore the relationship between the substantive standards of treatment contained in international investment agreements and the rule of law, which is developing into one of the key principles which both supporters and critics use to evaluate the investment treaty regime. Investment Protection Standards and the Rule of Law explores two perspectives. Firstly, it examines to what extent the substantive standards of treatment can be understood as expressions of the rule of law. Secondly, it addresses the rule-of-law problems, or rule-of-law lacunae, that exist in, or are created by, the application of these standards. The subject matter is advanced by combining doctrinal analysis of the core substantive treatment standards, as well as normative assessment of those standards from the perspective of the rule of law. This book also offers a critical discussion of the potential the rule of law has as a guidepost for structuring international investment relations, as well as its blind spots.